...about permanent safety and peace to China, preserve Chinese territorial and administrative entity . . . and safeguard for the world the principle of equal...impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire." This was too vague and ambitious and came to be misunderstood and misconstrued by the American people,...

...It is, of course, too early to forecast the means of attaining this last result; but the policy of the government of the United States is to seek a solution...impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire. . . . HAY TO THE GERMAN AMBASSADOR, OCTOBER 29, 1900. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of...

...peace to China, preserve China's territorial and administrative entity, protect all rights granted to friendly powers by treaty and international law,...and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire.1 A mixture of political and religious idealism and commercial selfseeking, the "Open Door"...

...It is, of course, too early to forecast the means of attaining this last result; but the policy of the Government of the United States is to seek a solution...impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire." We desire to withdraw all troops from China as soon as practicable, but attainment of ends specified...

...which he urged the preservation of "Chinese territorial and administrative entity" and the safeguarding of "equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire." Aware that the United States lacked the power to restrain the European nations, Hay hoped that a clear...

...added to the issue of equal access that of self-determination. US policy was to 'seek a solution to bring about permanent safety and peace to China. preserve...impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire'. The conjunction of equal access with self-determination made the link between US commercial interests...

...Portugal). In this note he underlined that the policy of the United States was directed at finding a solution: »Which may bring about permanent safety...and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire«.115 During the further course of the Boxer Rebellion the United States government accordingly...

...significance as it linked trade with American support for the integrity of China; it stated, 'The policy of the Government of the United States is to seek a solution...impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire.' Only Britain. France and Germany responded favourably. America's weakness in the Pacific and the vulnerability...

...respect for that nation's "territorial and administrative entity" and called on the interested powers to "safeguard for the world the principle of equal and...impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire." Hay thus widened the parameters of the Open Door to include more than trade and more than the areas...

...respect for that nation's "territorial and administrative entity" and called on the interested powers to "safeguard for the world the principle of equal and...impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire." Hay thus widened the parameters of the Open Door to include more than trade and more than the areas...