...express his scorn (most powerfully felt in the images) in the same rhetorical symmetries as Gloucester: This is the excellent foppery of the world, that when...surfeits of our own behaviour, we make guilty of our disaster the sun, the moon, the stars, as if we were villains on necessity, fools by heavenly compulsion,...

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...is the universal culprit. WS tells it as it is. Cosmic influences When we are sick infortune, Oft' the surfeits of our own behaviour, We make guilty...The sun, the moon and stars; As if we were villains of necessity; Fools by heavenly compulsion; Knaves, thieves and treachers, By spherical predominance....

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...characters are evil by choice, not out of necessity. They are entirely responsible for what they do: This is the excellent foppery of the world, that when...sick in fortune — often the surfeits of our own behavior — we make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon, and stars, as if we were villains on...

...hard. In the case of the Elizabethan faith in astrology, Shakespeare had his villain Edmund sneer, "We make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon, and stars; as if we were villains on necessity." When pondering the medieval code of chivalry, Falstaff decides, "The better part of valor is discretion."...

...phenomena of nature which was so integral a part of the Elizabethan doctrine of order and degree : This is the excellent foppery of the world, that, when we are sick in fortune, - often the surfeit of our own behaviour, - we make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon, and the stars :...

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...Lear, there was the sinister Edmund's notorious critique of his father's hypocritical use of the word: "This is the excellent foppery of the world, that, when we are sick in fortune, — often the surfeit of our own behavior,— we make guilty of our own disasters the sun, the moon, and the stars;...