bat the port of Riga is excepted, which is to be free to the Austrians. For the common wines of Hungary, four roubles only are to be paid for each cafk, confifting of his anchors; bot for rich wines, fuch as Tokay, nine rou. bles per cak. The Auftrians are to enjoy the fime privileges as the Ruffians in the ports of Cherfon and Kaffa, in the Tauria. The 12th article is the most remarkable; it is founded on the principles of an armed neutraJury, fuch as took place doring the last war. The 24th article gives the Auftrians the liberty to buy and build houses at Petersburgh, Mofcow, Archangel, Cherfon and Kaffa; the Emperor binding himself never to use those houfes as lodgings for troops, nor ever quarter them there.

Paris, Dec. 6. His Majesty has fent to Parliament, to be registered, an edit for the Joan of eighty millions of livres, the conditions of which will be published before the end of the year.

Extract of a letter from the Hague, Dec. 13. "The laft matter agitated in the StatesGeneral, was the fettling the Peace Etablifh ment of the navy, which is fixed at 16 fhips of the line, including the guardfhips at the Texel, Flushing, Rotterdam, &c. and 24 others, in all forty men of war, for the fup port of which the rates of the feparate Admiralties, and the proportionate expence to every part of the confederacy are already fettled. The removal of the Prince Stadtholder from this place is likely to caule fome confiderable revolutions. It is impoffible to fay where the difpates concerning that nominal head of the Republick will end, as the Court of Berlin more than ever intereffs itself in the affairs of the Prince of Orange; nor is the King of Pruffia the only Monarch that is likely to take bp this caufe, against which it is hard to res bel, confidering that the Stadbolderthip is no longer elective, but confirmed hereditary in the prefent Orange family, which has for its family alliance fome of the most powerful Princes in Europe.””

23. Raffia is at this moment playing a deep game with this country and with France, foficited on one hand by the French finally to conclude with them the treaty of commerce how on the tapis; and prefed on the other by the British Miniftry to renew that which fubfifts between Ruffia and Great Britain, by which we are treated in 'Rufia as the Gens Amiciffima, and which is on 'the point of expiring the Emprefs, like an able politician, is endeavouring to make this double negoci ation turn to her own account, and probably will pronounce in favor not of that nation to which the may be most partial, but of that which will offer her the best terms, and hold out the greatest commercial advantages to her fubjects.

velveret manufactories at Rouen are conducted by Englishmen, who make the above ar ticles at leaft equal in quality to thofe of Mancheffer, and much cheaper. At Tours are many manufactories of earthen ware, under the infpection of our countrymen. About 250 families are fettled at a place called Chartrons, near Bourdeaux, were all in trade, and went there immediately after the late peace, Does not fo alarming an evil require parlia mentary attention?

22. A few days fince there lay at Helvoetfluys, two Dutch frigates, under failing or ders for the Eaft Indies. On board one of them, named the Ceres, was feventy Engli failors, and upwards of forty on board the Scipio, who had been trepanned by the crimps to enter into the Dutch service. It is to be hoped they may be met in the channel by fome of our cruifers, to prevent the lofs of fo many brave men to this country, of which govern ment will do well to take notice, as this account comes well authenticated.

Paris, Dec. 22. The Baftile is to be made a civil prifon when the Cardinal de Rohan's affair is brought to a conclufion. The prifoners will have the fatisfaction of feeing their friends, and procuring themfelves every means of juftification. This is the firft beam of liberty that has thone on France for many yearsg it is hoped its beneficence will not stop here."

One Sava Jacoffioff, who lefs than 40 years ago fold fish about the streets of Petersburgh, died about two years fince, worth upwards of ten millions of roubles, or a million of pounds flerling; moftly derived from the great profits arifing from large iron works he got into his poffeffion.

The treaty between the Emperor and the Dutch was ratified on the 8th inftant by the States General. The Baron de Reifchach refumes his ftation at the Hague as Envoy Extraordinary from the Court of Vienna-and the Baron de Haeften goes to Vienna from the States, and the Baron de Hop to Bruffels in the fame capacity.

Extract of a Leter from Breft, Dec. 12. "By the Field Officer, an American fhip, which arrived here a few days fince from Philadelphia, we are informed that the Ame rican Congress have invited the famous Paul Jones to take upon him the command of a fquadron, which is deftined to cruise in the Mediterranean for the protection of their trade in that part of the world against the Alge rines, whofe freebooters have lately committed great depredations upon the hips and ̧ fubjects of the United States. It is faid, this bold and enterprising commander has declined the offer, but for what reafon we cannot tell."

loft in the Gulph of Mexico, and only the captain and five men were faved; her cargo was valued at 300,000l. sterling.

Fxtract of a Letter from Vienna, Dec. 12. "Stores continue to be feat every week almo down the Danube. What makes it expected that the next fummer will turn out a very buy one is, that the women and girls continue to make up tents, and other eld equipage at the Royal Alfenal, with as much diligence as ever.

Extract of a Letter from Paridated Dec. 27,

to a Gentleman in London.

The excellence to which you have atrained in the woollen manufacture, and the immenfe refources you find in it, have made our government turn their thoughts more feriouily than ever to that important branch of commerce. Hitherto we have depended for a precarious fupply of pawrought wool from Ireland by a fmuggled trade, without which we could not carry on our manufacture in that branch with any hope of fuccefs. To remedy this however, great encouragements were offered to thofe, who could procure a number of English eep and rams to be fmuggled alive into this kingdom; and feveral facieties of gentlemen in different provinces have for a confiderable time been employed in drawing up plans to infruct the farmer in the English mode of treating theep and bringing them up. Thus within a few months the miniftry have Bad the fatisfaction to hear, that there was actually in Boulonois, the county to which the city of Boulogne gives name; a very numerous flock of English theep, which a gentle man had caufed to be brought over from EngIand by the fmugglers; and that he had to far fucceeded in feeding and treating them after the English method, as to get fleeces of them as fine as any in England. This has convinced the ministry that the great object they have fo niech at heart of meliorating our ewn wool to fuch a degree, that we may be able to do without getting any from England, is moit certainly attainable. They have therefore ordered! a handfome premium to this gentleman. A board has also been appointed to fuperintend the treatment of theep in the English manner, at which the ingenious M. Totofan prefides."

Copy of a letter written by the Emperor to Prince Kaunitz, on fettling the prelimina

ries with the Dutch.

"My dear Prince,

"I have received your felicitations to me on the arrival of the courier from Paris, with the fettled preliminaries between me and the Dutch; it is now my turn to congratulate you on an event, which like most of thofe that have taken place fince my accetion, owes its fuccefs for the best part, to the zeal and fupe riot talents which you continue to difplay at The helm of late. The circumstance of time fems to convey the approbation of Heaven ittelf, for the eminent part you bear in the happy conclufion of this bufinefs, by greeting you with the news on this particular day, The Prince's birth day). I know you too well not to reft affured, that the pleature it gives you cannot be equalled by any prelent I

could bestow upon you on this occafion. our firft interview I thall exprefs my timents more at large. But at this ment my beart ove,tious, and I could refufe my felf the picature of writing to your the lubject."

Sept. 18, 1785.

They write fion Flufhing that the Stat of Zealand have ordered the keels of two venty-four gun fhips to be laid, and have ployed an additional number of fhipwrights get them finished for fea as foon as potiole and have alfo contracted for two more of fame force to be built at Genoa. Dec. 30. They write from Decagni, town in Albania, (Turkey in Europe) the the governor of that place was lately murder ed, with all his family. The people whom he had oppreffed from the very beginning • his government, no longer able to bear b extortions and tyranny, flew to arms, fatprz ed and defeated his guards, and, feizing th tyrant with his two fons and the rest of his family, pus them all to the fword; whet, after leyelling his houfe to the ground, they all retired to their feveral homes. An exp's has been difpatched with an account of tac affair to government.

Dec. 30. Matters in Holland begin to be very ferious, and publiek tranquillity to be threatened with disturbances. The Stad holder having left the Hague upwards three months, on account of the command of the garrifon there, being given to a French officer, is determined not to return until that officer is fuperfeded. The States of Holland, op the other hand, are as determined not to fecede from their former refolution. The King of Pruffia threatens--the people are di vided and as the time draws near, whet business of the first confequence is to be agitated in their affemblies, (which cannot done without the Stadtholder) contufion mot inevitably follow.

Unless the Grand Signor fhould hazard a revolution that may fend him from his throne to the grave, by facrificing too much to the Court of Vienpa and to peace, a war is likely to break out between the Emperors of Gelmany and Turkey, the former of whom wi be fupported by the whole power of Ruff, the Empress of which withes to fecure to berfelf and fucceffors the polletion of the Crimes, by putting it out of the power of the Torks to alert their ancient title to the fopremacy over that province. For fome time back thre have been negociations between the Courts ef Vienna and Conftantinople, in order to afeertain and fix for ever the limits and boundar of the two empires. In the courfe of the lat month the Divan desired to know the ultim tum of the Emperor of Germany on th head. The anfwer which the Imperial feph has tranfmitted to the Porte, contains the final demands of the Court of Vienna, from which the Emperor has declared he will not depart ja a fiogle article.

Ext

Extract of a Letter from Versailles Dec. 25. "The members of parliament, in contegeene of a royal maidate, arrived here on the 23d inft. and proceeded infantaneously to the refcinding of the inuendoes they had in troduced into the edict for the new loan. His Majefty, who affisted in perion, informed the fit prefident that he had very reafon to be fatisfied with the conduct of the Chancellor of The Exchequer, M. de Calonue, that the contual proofs he gave of his political talents, placed him defervedly above any of his prodeceffors in the fame department. The edict was published last night, after having by an exprefs order of the King, been registered on the 21. The following is an extract of the preamble." Notwithstanding the wife and prudent measures we have taken to remove from Europe every obftacle that could disturb its tranquility, we found ourfelves unavoid. ably drawn into extraordinary expences. Although the inclemency of the feafon, and the calamity that has fallen on many of our provinces have added confiderably to our charges by the affiftance we have held out to our fubjests; although our revenue has been vifibly leis in this than in former periods, and the payment of the fame due to us, has been very much retarded; the debts of our crown have brea fcrupulously acquitted in the courfe of this year; fome were even paid before they came due. Confiderable fums have been expended in works of publick utility, in repairing harbours, canals, roads, and in taking in lands from the fea. Commerce never flour ithed with equal vigour in our State as it now does. We are now preparing to pay off the debt contracted, during the last war, and all the others due by us that remain. This is grand language, but it is certain that this Joan though neceffary, by ftopping the circulation of fpecie will prove fatal to trade for fome time to come."

Vienna, Dec. 12. The following are the heads of the forty articles that compofe the treaty of commerce between our fovereign and the Court of Rufiia.

"The fubjects of the Emperor fhall be, as the English are, obliged to pay throughost all Rufia, the part of Riga excepted, the different duties in lawful money of Ruffia, the rix dollar being valued at 125 copeicks.Common wines from Hungaria will pay the import duty at the rate of only four rubles and fifty copeicks per hogthead of fix anchors; the better fort of wines fuch as tokay, &c. nice rubles per hogfhead.By the 12th article, the High Contracting Powers engage themselves to a ftrict adherence to the terms of the armed neutrality, as entered into by divers powers during the last war. By the 24th, leave is granted to the fubjects of the Em, eror to build and purchase houfes at the following places, viz. Petersburgh, Mufcow, Archangel, Cherfon, Sebaftropolis, and Theodofia, with full affurances that the owners of fach houfes fhall have at no time, on any POL. MAC. VOL. X. JAN. 1786.

pretence whatever, any of the military bilit ted upon them: and on the fame conditions, the Ruffians thall enjoy the like privileges at Vienna, Prefburgh, Tamelwar, Lemberge Brody, and Tricita.- -The China-ware manufactured at Vienna may be imported, into Ruffia, exclufive of any other fimilar ware whatever from other countries, and in return, the Ruffian exporters thall be favoured in the fale of their furs within the Imperial dominions. Such commodities as may hereafter be exported from Ruffia and China by way of the ports of Cherfon, Sebaftropolis, and Theodofia, thall be fobject to only one fourth of the duties paid heretofore.-It shall be lawful for the Ruffians to carry their goods to Oltend, and Newport, houfe them at thofe places, and remove them at pleafure, without paying any manner of duty. Hides from Ruffia ihall be rated in the Auftrian dominions at fix florins, 40 kreutzers per quintal; furs at ten, and caviare at five per cent. ad valorem.

Jan. 3. A military academy is now eftablithed at Amfterdam, for the encouragement of which, the contributions are confiderable. The States of Holland have affigned for the promotion of this establishment ten thousand florius, befides the annual fum of four thou fand for the first fix years. Mr. Hope the celebrated merchant at Amfterdam, has prefented the academy with a frigate of fixty feet in length completely equipped, to be placed in the yard belonging to the school, on board of which the fcholars are to be exercifed in the hautical art.

Paris, Dec. 23. The procefs against the Cardinal de Rohan goes on very flowly. Romours in favour and to the prejudice; of his eminency perpetually fucceed each other; but upon the whole, he feers to have been a credulcus dupe to the artifices of the famous Caglioftro, who, if he has the art of prolonging human existence may bear the fentence of the law, which, will condemn him to the galleys for three hundred years.

The ordinance which was published at Lif bon on the 22d of November last, by the Intendant General of the Police, contains a wife injunction against men who acquire a living

by means of work which ought alone to be referved for women." Could that excellent regulation be adopted in England, our frets would not be crouded as they are, with unfortunate women, whofe fituations are ufurp ed by men milliners, haberdashers, perfu mers, toyfelleis, together with other feminine

Dublin, 21st of December, 1785.

THE

HE univerfal depravity of the lower clafs of people throughout this kingdom, calls loudly for fome effectual mode to check an evil which utterly prohibits improvement. To the abundance and cheapnefs of fpirituous liquors we may justly attribute the fole caufe. What a fcene does Dublin prefent upon a Sunday? to a humane perfon who walks the freets of the capital, what must be his feelings, when he obferves the working people almost entirely in rags, their conftitutions deftroyed by intemperance, and their haggard looks, fad emblems of the means by which they work the destruction of themselves and families? Can we be furprized at this when, a few of the main fireets excepted, we find every third door a Whitky Shop, where men, women and children, during the time of divine fervice, are fwallowing liquid poison, and working themfelves into madness?

Dabia, Dec. 22. A few days ago, a gen tleman near the town of Athlone, detected his wife in a criminal fituation with an officer. In the first paroxyfm of rage he cut and defperately wounded the gallant, and then proceeded to acts of the most cruel outrage on the unfortunate woman, infomuch that its thought the cannot long furvive.

Extra of a Letter from Windfor, Dec. 26. "This morning paffed through this town, in his way to London, the Indian Chief, Jofeph Brandt, lately arrived from America, who greatly diftinguifhed himself in the caufe of this country during the American

war.

He had paid a vifit in the forest to his old friend Colone! Emmerick, where he spent the holidays, and was laft Saturday at the Royal hant, when he was particularly noticed by his Majetty, and fo much pleated as to declare, that, after tranfacting tome bufinefs of confequence in London, he would return to the forest, and ftay with his friend Col. Emmerick, in order to have frequent opportunities to go a hunting with his Majesty, until his return to his native country. In the drefs of his own country, which out of complaifance be wears, he makes a molt martial appearance."

January 3d. 1736.

De Chameron, or Count de Chameron, as be now calls himafelf, who robbed and fo villanoufly treated 'Mr. Mackay fome time ago, as has been already mentioned, is, by order of the French Minifter, removed to the Battile, where he has already foffered the punishment of the rack once, and has by this time, or very thortly will, fuffer death by the torture. When Mr. Mackay applied to the Duke of Dorfet upon the fubject, his Grace not only fhewed the most polite attention to Mr. Mackay, but affured him he would, if poffibie, get the woman fent over to be punished here; But as to the man, the Duke thought, that as he had wounded the Officer of the Police, the French Government would not give him up; and with respect to the money which was

found on the woman, and which the Infpertor of the Police had lodged in the hands of M. Perigould, the Banker, his Grace wound take especial care to fe it remitted. Wher the woman was taken, the denied having any of the money; but upon the officer telling her, if the did not confefs, he would give her the rack, the inftantly owned that she had twe hundred and twenty-five pounds concealed in the heel of her thoe, where it was found. The Marquis of Carmarthen thewed the fare ferious attention to Mr. Mackay's cafe, as the Duke; nor can any thing equal the vigilance, activity and zeal, thewn by the French Government throughout this affair.-Chameron is charged by the French fpies with being the writer of fome fcandalous paragraphs in the English newspapers, fome time ago, respecting the Queen of France.

It is remarkable that a new fpecies of literary characters have lately been discover-d near Tyndrum, on the North fide of Loch Lomond, in Scotland. About this mountainous place are feveral lead mines belonging to the prefent Earl of Breadalbane. The miners having a good deal of spare time, and little temptation to spend their money, formed fore time face a little stock to purchase books. At first they got pieces of amusement, and then bought works of fcience, particulariy treatifes on mineralogy and other branches of natural philofophy. We are affured these fubterraneous readers have now a well-afforted library of 7 or 800 volumes. Philofophy feems to have humanifed and exalted the minds, as they are exceedingly attached :> their noble patron; remarkably affectionate to their wives and families; and uncommonly courteous to fuch ftrangers as vifit their ey questered place of abode.

Jan. 4. The perpetration of the horrd murder committed on the fervant-maid m Charlotte-fireet fome months fince, was yefiere day moft providentially difcovered, by means of a woman who vifited one Hogan, a black, (fentenced for tranfportation) in Newgate, of whom fome fufpicions had been for fome days entertained. It was found the had pawred fome of the cloths belonging to the deceased, particularly her cloak. On being charged with being an acceffary to the horrid fact, the confeffed that Logan gave her the article and owned the murder. It is remarkable to s is the fame fellow who was taken into cuffody foon after the offence, but was difcharged from his not fhewing the fmalleft fymptoms of guilt. He was directly double ironed, and will, no doubt, meet with the punishment due to his crime.

A very fyftematic account is now making out by the order of the government of the ports and imports of the kingdom for the la twelve months, to be made up to the 25th of December, 1785, in which the officers at all the out ports of the kingdom, as well as to le in the port of London, are directed to be very particular as to the quality and quantity of all

goods entered or exported; alfo in what bottoms brought into the kingdom or carried oot: defcribing the various drawbacks, bounties, &c. with the amount of the rateable Custom-houfe duties thereon. It is not taly to guess what further plan the Minifter may have to introduce to the confideration of the two Houfes of parliament on their next mecting, that has caused an enquiry fo very particular and minute.

Dublin, Dec. 24. To fuch an height is houfe-breaking now carried in this city, that the walls are picked by nocturnal ruftidos, and we are happy to hear, that our fellow citizens, on whofe commercial properties fach attacks are made, are now lining the inward fide of their walls, in the mott impregnable manner; and for the more fecurity, fortifying that lining with a folid iron piece, not to be penetrated by all the works of induftrious villainy.

It is now certain, that a bill for regulating the police will be among the first business that will come before the Houfe the beginning of the feffions. The crown lawyers and Mr. Reeve have had feveral meetings, between whom an extenfive and well digefted plan has been concerted, and is now perfectly ready to be laid before Parliament. We do not know the leading features of the bill; all we can learn is, that it includes only Westminster, Marybone, the Upper, Walks, and the Borough of Southwark; and that the City of London is totally unnoticed, and left to legiDate for itself.

Extract of a Letter from Mr. Hugh Williams of Tinllwyden, Anglesea, (the only perfon that escaped that dreadful accident which, happened on Monday the 5th of December laft, in attempting to cross the Ferry of Abermenai) to his fifter-in law, at Betts, Abergeley, Denbighshire, North Wales.

" Dear Sifter,

Tinllwden, Dec. 10, 1785.

"At the request of my wife, I will endeayour to give you a brief account of one of the moft diftressful events that ever befel the inhabitants of this ifland, in attempting to crofs Abermenai Ferry, Laft Monday being Carnarvon fair, myself, with feveral of my friends and neighbours, to the number of fixty and upwards, went into the ferry boat, for the purpose of going over the river, and fet fail between three and, four o'clock in the evening; the wind being S. S. E. blew very hard, infomuch that the boat was, driven, about five o'clock, on a fand bank called Tract-hall Gwylltion, (being, I fuppofe, about the middle of the ferry) where the ftruck, and filled almost instantaneously with water. We immediately got out upon the bank, which was then tolerably extenfive (being low water) where we walked to and fro, exclaiming the bittereft and moft joignant lamentations, in hopes of procuring relief. In this deplorable fiscation (the Horror of which it is impoffible

for me to defcribe) we continued two hours, each of us being aware of our immediate diffolution; for the violence of the waves, and the rapidity of the tide, must have rendered an attempt to fave us extremely dangerous. I reflected a little, and thought I could but perith, if I attempted to quit a place where nothing but certain death stared us in the face: accordingly I faftened the mat to one of the oars, and took off my riding coat and boots. There was then nothing left but the heartreading circumftance of taking leave of my fellow fotterers, which I did by thaking hands with my most intimate friends, taking it for granted we should never behold each other again. This place I accordingly left, and departed with my little fecurity into the wild and tempeftuous ocean, where I had no other expectation than that of falling a victim to the merciless waves. In this fhocking state I continued two hours, when it pleafed an allgracious Providence, in his abundant goodness, to caule me once more to tread the thore of

my native country. On my quitting the water, in a tranfport of joy, I attempted to run; but alas! my limbs were fo benumbed with cold and fatigue, as to be nearly useless: I however found means, though with great difficulty, to crawl up the beach, and at laft reached Ian-y foel Ferry-houfe, where, it is barely neceffary to fay, I was treated with every pofiible degree of tenderness and compaffion. The next morning, I found that I was the only perfon who had efcaped this moft calamitous circumftance, in which there is fearce a family in this neighbourhood but feels the lofs of a parent, relation or friend."

The caufe of the Mohawk King's vifit to this country is not, as many have imagined, to endeavour to obtain affittance against the United States, but to remonftrate against the injustice of this country's pretending a right to give up lands to which they had no kind of

aim. Directly after the grand meeting of the Indians, Jofeph fet off för Quebec, and on his arrival declared his defign of vifiting England, against which he was warmly diffuaded by Lieut. Governor Hope, who affured him his voyage would answer no purpose, and adwifed him to remain in his own country. To this the brave Mohawk would not liften, but anfwered, that he was determined to come over and hear from the Khimself if it was by his orders that the lands of his faithful and unshaken allies had been so shamefully given away, and their fidelity to his caufe rewarded by being deferted and abandoned. The propriety and force of this anfwer muft fill every honeft Briton with indignation, for who can look at the map of America, and behold the vaft tract of land wantonly, and even unexpectedly ceded to the United States, without execrating the measure.

The Halfewell, Pierce, from London to Madras and Bengal, was loft on Friday morn ing laft off Portland, the Captain and £26 peoplè perished.