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4. Hurtles in the darken'd air. L. 4.

IMITATION.

The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Shaks. Jul. Cæs.

ODE IX.

1. The Vegtams Kvitha, from Bartholinus, lib. iii. c. ii. p. 632.

Surgebat Odinus,
Virorum summus
Et Sleipnerum*
Ephippio stravit.
Equitabat deorsum

Niflhelam versus.

Obviam habuit catellum

Ab Helæ habitaculis venientem;

Huic sanguine aspersa erant

Pectus anterius,

Rictus, mordendi avidus,

Et maxillarum infima :
Allatrabat ille,
Et rictum diduxit
Magiæ Patri,
Et diu latrabat.
Equitavit Odinus
(Terra subtus tremuit)
Donec ad altum veniret
Helæ habitaculum.
Tum equitavit Odinus
Ad orientale, ostii latus,
Ubi Fatidicæ
Tumulum esse novit.

Sapienti carmina

Mortuos excitantia cecinit,
Boream inspexit,
Literas (tumulo) imposuit,
Sermones proferre cæpit,
Responsa poposcit,

Donec invita surgeret,

Et mortuorum sermonem proferret.

FATIDICA. Quisnam hominum Mihi ignotorum

Mihi facere præsumit

Tristem animum?

Nive eram, et

Nimbo aspersa,

Pluviâque rorata:

Mortua diu jacui.

ODINUS. Viator nominor,

Bellatoris filius sum.

Enarra mihi, quæ apud Helam geruntur :

Ego tibi quæ in mundo.

Cuinam sedes auro stratæ sunt,

Lecti pulchri

Auro ornati ?

F. Hic Baldero Medo

Paratus extat,

Purus potus,

Scuto superinjecto:

Divina verò soboles

Dolore afficietur.
Invita hæc dixi,
Jamque silebo.

O. Noli, Fatidica, tacere.
Te interrogare volo,
Donec omnia novero.
Adhuc scire volo,
Quisnam Baldero
Necem inferet,

Ac Odini filium

Vitâ privabit?

F. Hodus excelsum fert
Honoratum Fratrem illùc.
Is Baldero
Necem inferet,
Et Odini filium
Vitâ privabit.
Invita hæc dixi,
Jamque tacebo.

O. Noli tacere, Fatidica,
Adhuc te interrogare volo,
Donec omnia novero.
Adhuc scire volo,
Quisnam Hodo
Odium rependet,

Aut Balderi interfectorem
Occidendo rogo adaptet!

F. Rinda filium pariet

In habitaculis occidentalibus:
Hic Odini filius,

Unam noctem natus, armis utetur ;

Manum non lavabit,

Nec caput pectet

Antequam rogo imponet

Balderi inimicum.

Invita hæc dixi,
Jamque tacebo.

O. Noli tacere, Fatidica,
Adhuc te interrogare volo.
Quænam sint virgines,

1

Quæ præ cogitationibus lachrymantur, Et in cœlum jaciunt

* Sleipner was the horse of Odin which had eight legs.-Vide Edda.

Cervicum pepla?

Hoc solum mihi dicas,
Nam prius non dormies.

F. Non tu viator es,

Ut antea credidi;

Sed potius Odinus,
Virorum summus.

O. Tu non es Fatidica,

Nec sapiens fœmina,

Sed potius trium

Gigantum mater.

F. Equita domum, Odine,
Ac in his gloriare :
Nemo tali modo veniet

· Ad suscitandum,

Usque dum Lokus

Vinculis solvatur,

Et Decorum crepusculum
Dissolventes aderint.

2. Hela's drear abode.

L. 4.

Hela, in the Edda, is described with a dreadful countenance, and her body half flesh-colour and half blue. G.

3. Him the Dog of Darkness spied. L. 5.

The Edda gives this dog the name of Managarmar; he fed upon the lives of those that were to die.

4. The thrilling verse that wakes the dead.

L. 24.

The original word is vallgaldr; from valr mortuus, et galdr incantatio. G.
Thrilling is surely in this place a peculiarly-fine epithet.

5. Tell me what is done below. L. 40.

Odin, we find both from this Ode and the Edda, was solicitous about the fate of his son Balder, who had dreamed he was soon to die. The Edda mentions the manner of his death when killed by Odin's other son Hoder; and also that Hoder was himself slain afterward by Vali, the son of Odin and Rinda, consonant with this prophecy.

6. Once again my call obey.

. Prophetess, &c. L. 51.

Women were looked upon by the Gothic nations as having a peculiar insight into futurity; and some there were that made profession of magic arts and divination. These travelled round the country, and were received in every house with great respect and honour. Such a woman bore the name of Volva Seidkona or Spakona. The dress of Thorbiorga, one of these prophetesses, is described at large in Eirick's Rauda Sogu, (apud Bartholin. lib. i. cap. iv. p. 688.) She had on a blue vest spangled all over with stones, a necklace of glass beads, and a cap made of the skin of a black lamb lined with white cat-skin. She leaned on a staff adorned with brass, with a round head set with stones; and was girt with a Hunlandish belt, at which hung her pouch full of magical instruments. Her buskins were of rough calf-skin, bound on with thongs studded with knobs of brass, and her gloves of white cat-skin, the fur turned inwards, &c. G.

They were also called Fiolkyngi, or Fiol-kunnug; i. e. Multi-scia: and Visindakona; i. e. Oraculorum Mulier, Nornir; i. e. Parcæ. G.

7. What virgins these. L. 75.

These were probably the Nornir or Parcæ, just now mentioned: their names were Urda, Verdandi, and Skulda; they were the dispensers of good destinies. As their names signify time past, present, and future, it is probable they were always invisible to mortals; therefore when Odin asks this question on seeing them, he betrays himself to be a god; which elucidates the next speech of the prophetess.

8. Mother of the giant-brood. L. 86.

In the Latin "Mater trium Gigantum." He means, therefore, probably Angerbode, who, from her name, seems to be "no prophetess of good," and who bore to Loke, as the Edda says, three children; the wolf Fenris, the great serpent of Midgard, and Hela, all of them called giants in that wild but curious system of mythology; with which, if the reader wishes to be acquainted, he had better con

sult the translation of M. Mallet's Introduction to the History of Denmark, than the original itself, as some mistakes of consequence are corrected by the translator. The book is entitled Northern Antiquities.-Printed for Carnan, 1770, 2 vols. 8vo.

ODE X.

prose

Mr. Gray entitles this Ode, in his own edition, a FRAGMENT; but from the version of Mr. Evans, which I shall here insert, it will appear that nothing is omitted, except a single hyperbole at the end, which I print in italics.

Panegyric upon Owain Gwynedd, Prince of North Wales, by Gwalchmai, the son of Melir, in the year 1157.*

1. I will extol the generous hero, descended from the race of Roderic, the bulwark of his country; a prince eminent for his good qualities, the glory of Britain, Owen the brave and expert in arms, a prince that neither hoardeth nor coveteth riches.

2. Three fleets arrived, vessels of the main; three powerful fleets of the first rate, furiously to attack him on the sudden : one from Jwerddon,t the other full of well-armed Lochlynians,‡ making a grand appearance on the floods, the third from the transmarine Normans, which was attended with an immense though successless toil.

3. The dragon of Mona's sons was so brave in action, that there was a great tumult on their furious attack; and before the prince himself there was vast confusion, havoc, conflict, honourable death, bloody battle, horrible consternation, and upon Tal Malvre a thousand banners; there was an outrageous carnage, and the rage of spears and hasty signs of violent indignation. Blood raised the tide of the Menai, and the crimson of human gore stained the brine. There were glittering cuirasses, and the agony of gashing wounds, and the mangled warriors prostrate before the chief, distinguished by his crimson lance. Lloegria was put into confusion; the contest and confusion was great; and the glory of our Prince's widewasting sword shall be celebrated in an hundred languages to give him his merited praise.

ODE XI.

From the extract of the Gododin, which Mr. Evans has given us in his Dissertatio de Bardis in the forementioned book, I shall here transcribe those particular passages which Mr. Gray selected for imitation in this Ode.

1. Si mihi liceret vindictam in Déirorum populum ferre,
Æquè ac diluvium omnes unâ strage prostrarem.

2. Amicum enim amisi incautus,

Qui in resistendo firmus erat.

Non petiit magnanimus dotem a socero
Filius CIANI ex strenuo Gwyngwn ortus.

3. Viri ibant ad Cattraeth, et fuêre insignes,

Vinum et mulsum et aureis poculis erat eorum potus.

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Trecenti et sexaginta tres aureis torquibus insigniti erant ;
Ex iis autem, qui nimio potu madidi ad bellum properabant,
Non evasêre nisi tres, qui sibi gladiis viam muniebant;
Scilicet bellator de Acron, et Conanus Dacarawd,

Et egomet ipse (scilicet Bardus Aneurinus) sanguine rubens :
Aliter ad hoc Carmen compingendum non superstes fuissem.

Whoever compares Mr. Gray's poetical versions of these four lyrical pieces with the literal translations which I have here inserted, will, I am persuaded, be con

*See Evans's Specimen of Welsh poetry, p. 25. and for the original Welch, p.127. + Ireland. + Danes and Normans.

Build to him the lofty verse,
Sacred tribute of the bard,
Verse, the hero's sole reward.
As the flame's devouring force;
As the whirlwind in its course;
As the thunder's fiery stroke,
Glancing on the shiver'd oak:
Did the sword of Conan mow

The crimson harvest of the foe.

Debitus est tibi cantus qui honorem assecutus es maximum,
Qui eras instar ignis, tonitrui, et tempestatis,

Viribus eximie, eques bellicose, Rhudd Fedel, bellum meditaris.

SONNET.

1. If what Boileau says be true, in his Art Poetique, that

Un sonnet sans defauts vaut seul un long poeme

the merit of this little poem is decided. It is written in strict observance of those strict rules, which the Poet there lays down.-Vide Art Poetique, Chant. ii. 1. 82. Milton, I believe, was the first of our English poets who exactly followed the Italian model: our Author varies from him only in making the rhymes in the two first quartetts alternate, which is more agreeable to the English ear, than the other method of arranging them.

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In ling'ring pain, in death resign'd.
Her latest agony of mind

Was felt for him, who could not save
His All from an untimely grave :

2. Whom what awaits, &c. L. 11.

The construction here is a little hard, and creates obscurity, which is always least to be pardoned in an epitaph.

EPITAPH II.

This is as perfect in its kind as the foregoing Sonnet. Sir William Williams, in the expedition to Aix, was on board the Magnanime with Lord Howe; and was deputed to receive the capitulation.

ELEGY

WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD.

1. The most popular of all our Author's publications; it ran through eleven editions in a very short space of time; was finely translated into Latin by Messrs. Ansty and Roberts and in the same year another, though I think inferior, version of it was published by Mr. Lloyd. The reader has been informed in the Memoirs, of the time and manner of its first publication. He originally gave it only the simple title of " Stanzas written in a Country Church-yard." I persuaded him first to call it an ELEGY, because the subject authorized him so to do; and the alternative measure, in which it was written, seemed peculiarly fit for that species of composition. I imagined too that so capital a poem, written in this measure, would as it were appropriate it in future to writings of this sort; and the number of imitations which have since been made of it (even to satiety) seem to prove that my notion was well founded. In the first manuscript copy of this exquisite poem, I find the conclusion different from that which he afterward composed; and though his after-thought was unquestionably the best, yet there is a pathetic melancholy in the four rejected stanzas, which highly claims preservation. I shall therefore give them as a variation in their proper place.

2. The knell of parting day. L. 1.

IMITATION.

squilla di lontano

Che paia 'l giorno pianger, che si muore.

Dante. Purg. l. 8. G.

3. Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife.

VARIATION.

The thoughtless world to majesty may bow,
Exalt the brave, and idolize success;

L.73.

But more to innocence their safety owe,
Than Pow'r, or Genius, e'er conspir'd to bless.

And thou, who mindful of th' unhonour'd dead,
Dost in these notes their artless tale relate,

By night and lonely contemplation led
To wander in the gloomy walks of fate :

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