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of them now. What a provoking child | makes me ready to cry to hear you. You you are! Well, don't you notice any- will go into some battle, and throw your thing?" life away, to spite all of us."

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For Alice, with true sisterly feeling, was trying his endurance to the utmost, dissembling all her admiration of his fine fresh "uniform." Of course, this was not quite so grand as if he had been (as he had right to be) enrolled as an eques auratus," still it looked very handsome on his fine straight figure, and set off the brightness of his clear complexion. Moreover, his two months of drilling at the depot had given to his active and well-poised form that vigorous firmness which alone was needed to make it perfect. With the quickness of a girl, his sister saw all this in a moment; and yet, for fear of crying, she laughed at him.

"Why, how did you come so 'spick and span '? Have you got a sheaf of wheat inside your waistcoat? It was too cruel to put such clothes on the top of a harvest-waggon. I wonder you did not set it all on fire."

"Much you know about it!" exclaimed the young soldier, with vast chagrin. "You don't deserve to see anything. I brought my togs in a haversack, and put them on in your bower here, simply to oblige you; and you don't think they are worth looking at !"

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"I am looking with all my might; and yet I cannot see anything of a sword. I suppose they won't allow you one yet. But surely you must have a sword in the end."

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out.

Alice, you are enough to wear one Could I carry my sword in a haversack? However, if you don't think I look well somebody else does - that is one comfort."

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"You do not mean, I hope," replied Alice, missing his allusion carefully, "to go back to your ship without coming to see papa, dear Hilary ?"

"That is exactly what I do mean; and that is why I have watched for you so. I have no intention of knocking under. And so he will find out in the end; and somebody else, I hope, as well. Everybody thinks I am such a fool, because I am easy-tempered. Let them wait a bit. They may be proud of that never-do-well, silly Hilary yet. In the last few months, I can assure you, I have been through things however, I won't talk about them. They never did understand me at home; and I suppose they never will. But it does not matter. Wait a bit."

"Darling Hilary! don't talk so.

It

"No, no, I won't. Though it would serve you right for considering me such a nincompoop. As if the best, the sweetest, and truest-hearted girl in the universe was below contempt, because her father happens to grow cabbages! What do we grow? Corn, and hay, and sting-nettles, and couch-grass. Or at least our tenants grow them for us, and so we get the money. Well, how are they finer than cabbages?"

"Come in and see father," said Alice, straining her self-control to shun argument. "Do come, and see him before you go."

"I will not," he answered, amazing his sister by his new-born persistency. "He never has asked me; and I will not do it."

No tears, no sobs, or coaxings moved him; his troubles had given him strength of will; and he went to the war without seeing his father.

From Temple Bar.

LOUIS PHILIPPE.

BY THE AUTHOR OF "MIRABEAU," ETC. THE elder branch of the Bourbons was never famous for its virtues, but it certainly contrasts favourably with the younger, which, to go no farther back than two centuries, has run the whole gamut of crime. Cowardice, treason, blasphemy, debauchery, assassination, poison, incest, were in turns the characteristics of the race, until fratricide and regicide combined with all other infamies in one man to complete the odious chronicle.

That man was Louis Philippe Joseph, the brother of Louis the Sixteenth -a name at which humanity shudders. Of all who fell beneath the guillotine not one, not even Robespierre, so well deserved his fate as that French Cain. The Terrorists were wholesale murderers, but they could at least plead in extenuation of their crimes that they were the avengers of centuries of oppression; but this man was a monster, without palliation of any kind; destitute even of that Satanic grandeur which surrounds many of the exceptional criminals of history; his egotism, his malice, his poltroonery, his lasciviousness, excite in us as much con

tempt as his unnatural alliance with the excesses of the Revolution inspires us with abhorrence. Such was the father of the future King of the French.

teenth was brought prisoner from Varennes, and showed his uncle no more respect than did citizen butcher or citizen baker. Upon the abolition of all aristocratic titles he wrote as follows:

You no doubt are informed of the decree

which extinguishes all distinctions and privileges. I hope you have done me justice to woman think I am too much a friend of equality not to have warmly applauded the decree. In proportion to the scorn with which I regard the accidental distinctions of my birth will I hereafter prize those to which I may arrive by merit.

Louis Philippe, né Duc de Chartres, was born on the 6th of October, 1773. His education and that of his brothers and sisters was confided to the celebrated Madame de Genlis, a whose exceptional talents admirably fitted her for the task. Both mentally and physically her system of training was excellent. Besides instructing her pupils in the ordinary branches of knowledge, making them correct linguists by the constant use of the principal European languages in daily conversation, the Princes were taught all kinds of useful arts, such as surgery, carpentery, gardening. To harden them to endurance they carried heavy burdens upon their backs, descended in winter into damp vaults, and in the midst of frost and snow sat for hours in the open air.

Let the reader bear the tenor of this epistle in mind, as I shall have occasion to refer to it in another place.

He joined Dumouriez's army, and is said to have greatly distinguished himself at Valmy and Jémappes, as well as at Nerwinde, where he conducted a very skilful retreat in the face of a victorious enemy.

The political ideas of the father, fully While the Revolution stood by him he shared by the gouvernante, were early was ready to stand by the Revolution, no imbibed by the pupils, more especially matter to what lengths or atrocities it by the Duc de Chartres, who seems to proceeded. At the very time of the Sephave taken to them with peculiar zest. tember massacres, when Lafayette and When the news was brought them that the nobler democrats, horror-struck at the people had attacked the Bastille they this defilement of true liberty, were raiswere performing a play · private theatri-ing their voices in indignant protest, he cals forming an important part of Ma- accepted a lieutenant-generalship, ostendame's system of education. So eager tatiously repeated the popular oath in were they to witness the sight that they all started for Paris in their theatrical costumes, and taking seats upon a balcony in the Boulevard Saint-Antoine, watched the destruction of the infamous fortress with great manifestations of delight, the Duc de Chartres clapping his hands in gushes of patriotic ardour.

In 1790, following in the steps of his worthy father, he proclaimed himself a patriot and donned the uniform of the National Guard, took the popular oath, and regularly attended the sittings of the National Assembly, of which he ardently desired to become a member; joined the Jacobin club, and gratefully accepted the office of door-keeper- to admit and let out the patriots, to expel the intruders, and drive away the dogs. No member

each town, and attended every Jacobin meeting. His father voted death to the King, and there are no grounds for supposing that he disagreed with the act; it has even been said that he sat by his side during the trial.

The exuberance of youthful enthusiasm for the cause of liberty has been pleaded in extenuation of these doings. Such might have been urged with an excellent grace for his early revolutionary predilections. Every generous mind was set aglow by the vision of a free and regenerated France. But when massacre and assassination sat in the high places every generous mind was filled with horror and disgust, and disclaimed all sympathy with the movement. But again, it has been urged that to have opposed the popmore zealous, more "advanced," ular will would have been to bring down than the Duc de Chartres-I beg his destruction upon himself and family. pardon, Egalité Junior; such being the We may accept such extenuating circumname he was then known by. So de- stances in judging the crimes of the vile lighted was he with this sublime society cowardly parent, but would such considthat he humbly prayed that his brother erations overweigh honour, humanity, and the Duc de Montpensier might also be great principles in the mind of ardent admitted as a member. He was on guard generous youth? There is not the at the Tuileries when Louis the Six-slightest reason to believe that the Duc

was

de Chartres ever remonstrated with his father, ever evinced any disapproval of his deeds; but that they were on the best of terms until the end is proved by certain letters which passed between them just previous to Orléans' death. Admiring biographers relate how he saved a man from drowning, how he rescued a priest from the hands of the mob; but these trifling acts cannot invalidate the damning evidence of a crafty, dissimulating disposition to be deduced from his conduct at this period. Had the republic continued to favour him, he would have served under Marat, Hébert, or Robespierre, as willingly as under Lafayette, Mirabeau, or Dumouricz; he would have driven a tumbril to the guillotine or have taken Samson's place with as much alacrity as he accepted the portership at the door of the Jacobin club. But all the fawning adulation, all the pretty sobriquets, could not propitiate republican hatred of aristocrats, which, the instant they ceased to be necessary, swept away its noble would-be friends with as much zest as it would have chopped off the heads of the bitterest émigrés.

After the nobles the bourgeoisie were the victims; then there was a general holocaust of respectability, in order to leave the world clear for ruffianism.

Let those who raise the spell beware the fiend!

The magicians were torn to pieces by the devils they had evoked; the Frankensteins were crushed by the monsters of their own creation. The Revolution reversed the classic myth: the fathers were devoured by the children.

415

by policy. Its acceptance would have. classed him with the émigrés and the followers of Louis the Eighteenth, and would have weakened the probabilities of his succession to that throne to which Dumouriez was ever pointing, and for the hope of which his father had sacrificed his soul. In after years he made good capital out of the fact that he had never borne arms against the republic-a circumstance, as we shall presently see, that resulted rather from the disinclination of foreign powers to trust his services than from his own choice.

Leaving the Austrian camp, he travelled for a time in company with Dumouriez and other fugitives; but they soon found it necessary to separate. He went into Switzerland and joined Madame de Genlis and his sister, who had escaped out of France and taken refuge at Zurich. But the authorities, fearful of evoking the anger of the Convention, intimated that their sojourn there was not desirable, added to which some royalist émigrés, who had taken up their abode in the town, treated them with such determined hostility that they were obliged to very speedily depart. Conducting the ladies to Zug, he placed them in a convent, while he himself, apprehensive of bringing down fresh annoyances upon their heads should he remain in the neighbourhood, set out incognito and on foot, attended by his faithful valet Boudoin, and so wandered from place to place, enduring great privations, and sometimes even without food. He solicited permission to take refuge in the dominions of his uncle the Duke of Modena. The Duke sent him a handsome sum of money, but refused to en

The defeat of Nerwinde afforded the Convention an excellent excuse to sum-tertain him. mon the commanders before their tri- He now proceeded to Bremgarten, and bunal. Knowing that such a summons under the name of Corby filled the post was equivalent to a sentence of death, of secretary to General Montesquieu. Dumouriez and Egalité Junior fled, swam His next move was to the College of the Scheldt, and gained the Austrian Reichenau, where, as Chabaud-Latour, he camp. Here they were not only well re-taught mathematics for fifteen months. ceived, but the Duke was offered a com- Suspicions of his identity getting abroad, mission a fact which points to the conclusion that some secret understanding existed between the Austrians and the Orleans party; otherwise, judging by the treatment received from the same power, by Lafayette and his companions under parallel circumstances, why should such favour have been shown the son of the fratricidal regicide, of the bitterest enemy of Marie-Antoinette, of the ardent Jacobin, of the abettor of the King's death, of the head of the hated house of Orleans? His refusal of the commission was dictated

he thought it prudent to depart out of Switzerland altogether. Hamburg, Denmark, Sweden, Lapland, became in turn the places of a short sojourn - ostensibly, and really, for aught we know to the contrary, for the purpose of studying geography and natural history. At Hamburg he again met Dumouriez, and probably from that time kept up a constant correspondence with him.

In the meanwhile the Convention and the Terror had been swept away, and the milder and more tolerant rule of the Di

rectory had taken their place. Emigrés | latest breath God, Frenchmen, and our swords, and proscrits were returning to Paris, but to defend our cause. the Duc d'Orléans was still a banished man. Nay, so suspicious of him was the government, that his presence even in Europe was a subject of uneasiness to them. To induce him to depart to Amer-upon our repentant Egalité a handsome ica they offered to ameliorate the condition of his mother as well as to set free his brothers and permit them to join him there.

This letter was subscribed by the three brothers. We shall see anon how well one of them respected these protestations. The English government bestowed annuity, upon which he and his brothers lived in a villa near Twickenham, close by his old friend Dumouriez. In 1807 the Duc de Montpensier died. He lies in the Abbey. A year later, the failing health of the second brother, Duc de Beaujolais, necessitated his removal to a warmer climate. Malta was the place sclected, and thither, accompanied by the Duc d'Orléans, the young man went to

Accordingly in 1796 he embarked for Philadelphia. In company with the Duc de Montpensier and the Duc de Beaujolais, who joined him early in the next year, he wandered through the vast forests and over the wild prairies of North America. In four months they traversed one thou-die. sand leagues, sometimes on foot, some- Upon his return, Louis Philippe offered times on horseback, sometimes by water. his services to England. They were reUpon returning to Philadelphia he re-fused. ceived a large remittance from his mother, After this he went to Palermo, where whom the Directory had reinstated in Ferdinand the Fifth of Sicily then held some of her possessions, together with his court. He aspired to the hand of the the news that she had retired into Spain. Princess Amelia, notwithstanding that He now proceeded to New York, thence she was the niece of Marie-Antoinette. to Boston, New Orleans, and Havana, in- | King Ferdinand sent his son, Prince tending to join the Duchess; but here Leopold, as a volunteer to Spain, and rehis travels were suddenly stopped by quested the Duke to accompany him. order of the King of Spain, who forbade Upon their arrival in harbour, however, him to enter his dominions. Thus we the English would not permit them to see France, Switzerland, Modena and land. It was the old story: they were Spain, had one after another refused to suspicious of Orléans. They detained the shelter him. Surely there must have Prince at Gibraltar, but they sent his combeen potent reasons for this fourfold re- panion back to England. Here he was jection, for this universal distrust. joined by his sister, the Princess Adelaide, with whom he embarked for Malta.

In 1809 he espoused the Princess Amelia.

After visiting Halifax, where he was most hospitably received by the Duke of Kent, the then governor, he embarked for England and arrived in London in the In 1810 the Regency of Cadiz solicited February of 1800. Now in the very hot- Ferdinand to send his son-in-law to head bed of Bourbonism, but one course re- the army. He went. This time he mained open to him to seek a reconcil-landed. But he quickly discovered that iation with the Royalists. For this pur- he was as far from accomplishing the obpose he sought out the Comte d'Artois, ject of his mission as he had been two who readily undertook the part of medi-years before. Everywhere he encountered ator, and who charged himself with the delivery of the following epistle, written, after much persuasion and considerable reluctance, to Louis the Eighteenth :

Believing the majority of Frenchmen to share the sentiments that animate ourselves, in our name, and in the name of our loyal fellow-countrymen, we swear upon our swords allegiance to our King, and vow that we will

live and die faithful to our honour and our lawful Sovereign. Should the unlawful employment of superior force place the throne in possession of any other than our righteous Sovereign, we declare that we should follow with as much confidence as fidelity the voice of honour, which tells us to invoke with our

the most determined opposition: from the Cortes, from the Spanish generals, who threatened to resign, and from the English, who declared that should any command be entrusted to him they would at once withdraw their forces.

Here we have another proof of the ill odour in which the Duke was held throughout Europe. He was evidently labelled dangerous. His apologists would explain away these facts by telling us that the evil reputation of the father still clung to the son - that England was jealous of the interference of a French Bourbon in the affairs of Spain. Such apologies, although containing a modicum of truth,

He

wished to keep on good terms with the Bonapartists; they formed a powerful party, which was, for the time, in the ascendant; might remain so; therefore, from his point of view, it behoved him not, at least, to incense them. During the Hundred Days he kept aloof from the Duchesse d'Angoulême and the Legitimists; there were reports abroad, whether true or not it would be difficult to determine, that he was conspiring with Dumoruiez, corresponding with Fouché, and tampering with the army.

are very insufficient explanations. The Upon the return from Elba he did not father had been in his grave many years, follow the fortunes of the royal exiles, and since his death the son had ostensi- but went back to Twickenham. bly led a non-political life, the greater part of which was passed in travel. Besides, had he not lately been reconciled and sworn allegiance to Louis the Eighteenth? These circumstances, and above all the softening influence of time, should have been sufficient to clear his character of the stains of prejudice and past errors, and would have done so had he been the man his admirers paint. Wellington always distrusted him. From their knowledge of the various French plots and conspiracies, concocted, as usual, in London, and from their connec- Upon his return to Paris after Watertion with Dumouriez, spy and pensioner, loo he indignantly protested against these who was unceasingly plotting to advance accusations. "After the Duc de Berri the Orléans interest, the English government were in an indisputably excellent position to judge his character. They took possession of Dumouriez's private papers after his death. These would un- At all events, during the persecutions doubtedly have thrown considerable light he joined with the Duc de Broglie and upon this subject; but such revelations others in defending the Bonapartists. It would not have been judicious at the time, may be urged that as a Liberal such was scarcely so even now, in a political point the line of conduct which might have of view. We are still too near to the been expected from him. True, but as a events to obtain complete documentary Bourbon, who had sworn allegiance to evidence, in the absence of which it is the legitimate sovereign, he could scarcenecessary to employ deductive reasoning, ly have been expected to defend the Disappointed in his Spanish command deadliest enemies of his family. And we he returned to Palermo, where he seems have Lamartine's authority for stating to have intrigued, or at least, to have that even when that party was the agsympathized with, the revolutionary party.gressive and not the fallen, he was deThe rule of the weak Ferdinand and his imperious queen was an evil one, but natural ties should have bound him to their side. When Lord William Bentinck arrived he retired into private life.

Upon the news of Napoleon's fall he hastened back to France, where he was kindly received by the King, who restored to him the greater part of his father's estates.

you have the strongest claim upon the throne. I am therefore easy in my mind, and trust your judgment more than your heart," replied the King.

sirous of conciliating it. Thus his defence of the persecuted, like the generous enthusiasm of his youth, may be referred to very doubtful motives.

The consequence of this step was banishment to England. But, at the intercession of the Comte d'Artois, Louis soon afterwards recalled him. After he had signed the decree the King placed the pen in his brother's hand, with these prophetic words: "Take care of this, it will be useful when you sign your abdication."

Lamartine describes him as being at this time "too cringing a courtier within the walls of the palace and too popular And so we come to the accession of without." But Louis the Eighteenth re- Charles the Tenth. Never was ruler posed no confidence in his nephew's more opposed to the spirit of his age than fidelity, and it was only through the in- Charles the Tenth. A bigot in religion, tercession of the royal family, and more he would fain have gone back to the old especially of the Comte d'Artois, that he persecuting days of the League; a betolerated him. There was one conces-liever in divine right, he would fain have sion, most earnestly desired by the whilom republican, who had written with such lofty contempt upon the accidental distinctions of birth, but which the King persistently refused the title of altesse royale.

ruled France as Louis the Fourteenth

following anecdote, for the truth of which we leave him to vouch. One day the Duchesse d'Orléans said to the Comte de Bruges, "The best return I can make to his Majesty for his bounty is to let him know my son. Tell him, I pray, to place no confidence in him; he is a deliberate villain." The King's reply to this Michaud, in his life of Louis Philippe, relates the warning was, "I know him as well as she does."" LIVING AGE.

VOL. VII. 339

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