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should be expended in the production of a work necessarily of a subordinate and imperfect character, strongly urged the propriety of extending the scheme to the compilation of a new and more scientific dictionary than any at present existing. This proposal was, after much deliberation, entertained and accepted, and the Philological Society, at its meeting of January 7, 1858, resolved that, instead of the Supplement to the standard English Dictionaries, then in course of preparation by the Society's Unregistered Words Committee, a New Dictionary of the English Language should be prepared under the authority of the Philological Society. The work has been placed by the Society in the hands of two Committees; the one Literary and Historical, consisting of the Very Rev. the Dean of Westmins ter, F. J. Furnivall, Esq., and H. Coleridge, Esq., Secretary; and the other Etymological, consisting of Hensleigh Wedgwood, Esq., and Professor Malden; and the former of these Committees will edit the Dictionary and direct the general working of the scheme. Arrangements for the publication of the work in 5s. Parts have been made with Messrs. Trübner & Co., of Paternoster Row."

Recently the Society have issued a circular asking coöperation from literary men, and stating rules for the guidance of their contributors. Among the principles which they have adopted are these:

1. To include every word occurring in the literature of the language, that is, to repudiate the theory which makes the lexicographer an arbiter of style.

2. To admit as authorities all English books except such as are devoted to purely scientific subjects, and works written subsequently to the Reformation, to illustrate Provincial Dialects.

3. The limit of antiquity, in choosing words, is to be the end of the reign of Henry III.

4. In treating individual words, their meaning will be historically developed.

5. In the etymology, not only will the origin of the word be shown, but its affinities with the related languages.

The Society announce that contributors may help them at once, by

I. Agreeing to take a book printed between 1300 and 1526, and reading it till an index (soon to be issued) for the period 1250-1300 comes out; then making the extracts for the new words, &c. in it.

II. Agreeing to take any work comprised in the period between 1526 and Milton, and extracting forthwith all passages containing words, senses of words, and phrases, not in the Bible or Shakespeare.

III. Agreeing to take one of the principal 18th or 19th century writers, and extracting words and passages in the manner mentioned above.

And further we shall gladly receive, 1st, any well-considered definitions of words; and 2d, any well-considered distinctions of words from the synonyms with which they are likely to be confounded.

The prospectus from which we have drawn the above statements, proceeds to give precise rales for the guidance of contributors; but our 19

VOL. XVII.

limits do not allow us to quote them. It is clear that notwithstanding all the help thus gained, perhaps we should say in consequence of it all, a long period must clapse before the work will be accomplished.

NEW HAVEN AND HARTFORD TWO HUNDRED AND TWENTY YEARS AGO. -In 1638, David Pieterz De Vries made his third voyage to America and New Netherland. In the journal of his adventures, he gives one of the earliest outside accounts of the infant plantations of New Haven and Hartford; and although we can see that our worthy navigator has fallen into some errors, we recognize an air of honesty in his narrative.

A translation of De Vries's account of his three voyages has been made by Hon. H. C. Murphy, and privately printed by the liberality of James Lenox, Esq., of New York, in a quarto volume of two hundred pages. Although the reprint has thus become accessible in many public libraries, yet as only two hundred and fifty copies in all were published, we quote from it the following paragraphs:

"1639. The 4th of June, I started north in a yacht to the Fresh river, [the Connecticut,] where the West India Company have a small fort called the House of Hope, and at night came to anchor in Oyster Bay, which is a large bay which lies on the north side of the Great Island, which is about thirty miles long. This bay put up into the island, and is about two miles wide from the mainland. There are fine oysters here, whence our nation has given it the name of Oyster Bay. "The 6th, had good weather at break of day, and got under sail, and at evening arrived at the Rodenberghs, [Red mountains, so called from the red appearance of the face of East and West Rocks,] which is a fine haven. Found that the English had begun to build a town [New Haven] on the mainland, where there were already three hundred houses and a fine church built.

"The 7th, having weighed anchor, arrived at the Fresh river about two o'clock in the afternoon, where at the mouth of the river, [Saybrook,] the English have made a strong fort. There was a governor, Lion Gardiner, who had had a Netherland wife from Worden, and he himself had formerly been an engineer and working-baas [boss or master-workman] in Holland. They cannot sail with large ships into the river, and vessels must not draw more than six feet water to navigate up to our little fort, which lies fifteen miles from the mouth of the river. Besides, there are many bare places or stone reefs, over which the Indians go with canoes. Remained at night at this English fort, where we were well treated

by the governor.

"The 8th we took our leave and went up the river, and having proceeded about a mile up the river, we met, between two high steep points, some Indians in canoes, who had on English garments, and among them was one who had on a red scarlet mantle. I inquired how he came by the mantle. He had some time ago killed one Captain Stone, with his people, in a bark, from whom they had obtained these clothes. This was the captain of whom I have before spoken in my first voyage to America, who had the misfortune of his boatmen eating each other; and he had now lost his own life by the Indians.

*

"The 9th, arrived with the yacht at the House of Hope, where one Gysbert Van Dyck commanded with fourteen or fifteen soldiers. This redoubt stands upon a plain on the margin of the river, and alongside it runs a creek to a high woodland, out of which comes a valley, which makes this kill, [creek,] and where the English in spite of us, have begun to build up a small town [Hartford] and had built a fine church, and over a hundred houses. There are many salmon up this river. These English live soberly, drink only three times at a meal, and whoever drinks himself drunk, they tie to a post and whip him, as they do thieves in Holland. This river is a fine pleasant stream, where many

thousand Christians could obtain farms."

*

*

WASHINGTON'S VISIT TO NEW ENGLAND, 1789.-The library of Yale College has recently received from J. C. Brevoort, Esq., of Brooklyn, N. Y., a privately published copy of Washington's Diary, from October 1, 1789, to March 10, 1790. This portion of his journal has never before been printed. The typography of the present edition is beautiful, corresponding with the choice character of the work.

In the period referred to, Washington visited New England, and received, as he passed from town to town, the congratulations of the people. We append the account of his visit to New Haven. A copy of the address presented to him by the clergymen of this place, together with his reply, have been preserved in the archives of Yale College. This letter in reply was read in public by Mr. Everett, when he gave his oration on Washington in New Haven.

"SATURDAY, Oct. 17, 1789.

"From Milford we took the lower road through West Haven, part of which was good and part rough, and arrived at New Haven before two o'clock; we had time to walk through several parts of the city before Dinner. By taking the lower Road we missed a Committee of the Assembly, who had been appointed to wait upon and escort me into town-to prepare an address-and to conduct me when I should leave the city as far as they should judge proper. The address was presented at 7 o'clock-and at nine I received another address from the Congregational Clergy of the place. Between the rect. of the two addresses I received the compliment of a visit from the Gov'r. Mr. Huntington-the Lieut. Gov'r. Mr. Wolcott-and the Mayor Mr. Roger Sherman.

"The city of New-haven occupies a good deal of ground, but is thinly though regularly laid out and built. The number of souls in it are said to be about 4000. There is an Episcopal Church and 3 Congregational Meeting Houses and a College, in which there are at this time about 120 students under auspices of Doctor Styles. The Harbour of this place is not good for large vessels-about 16 belong to it. The Linnen manufacture does not appear to be of so much importance as I had been led to believe. In a word, I could hear but little of it. The Exports from this City are much the same as from Fairfield, &c., and flax seed, (chiefly to New York.) The Road from Kings Bridge to this place runs as near the sound as the Bays and Inlets will allow, but from hence to Hartford it leaves the sound and runs more to the Northward."

* The Dutch word huys, house, is misprinted hirse by Dr. Trumbull in his History of Connecticut, and by later writers.

"SUNDAY, 18th.

"Went in the forenoon to the Episcopal Church, and in the afternoon to one of the Congregational Meeting Houses. Attended to the first by the Speaker of the Assembly, Mr. Edwards, and a Mr. Ingersoll, and to the latter by the Governor, the Lieut. Governor, the Mayor, and Speaker. These gentlemen all dined with me, (by invitation) as did Genl. Huntington, at the House of Mr. Brown, where I lodged, and who keeps a good Tavern. Drank tea at the Mayor's (Mr. Sherman.) Upon further inquiry I find that there has been abt. coarse linen manufactured at this place since it was established-and that a Glass work is on foot here for the manufacture of Bottles. At 7 o'clock in the evening many Officers of this State, belonging to the late Continental army, called to pay their respects to me. By some of them it was said that the people of this State could with more ease pay an additional 100,000£ tax this year than was laid last year."

yards of

"MONDAY, 19th.

"Left New Haven at 6 o'clock, and arrived at Wallingford (13 miles) by half after 8 o'clock, where we breakfasted, and took a walk through the town."

CONNECTICUT HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.-The Connecticut Historical Society intend shortly to publish the first volume of a series of Collections, which will contain matter of an interesting nature, throwing new light upon various portions of the early history of the state. Among the documents which it is expected to contain, are unpublished letters of Hooker and Winthrop, reprints of several rare pamphlets concerning Connecticut, a journal kept during the siege of Louisbourg, by Lieut. Gov. Roger Wolcott, and Mr. Deming's recent address at the presentation of Putnam's battle-sword to the society.

DR. TAYLOR'S LECTURES ON THE MORAL GOVERNMENT OF GOD.-Our readers will be pleased to learn that these Lectures will be published early in the present month, in two vols. 8vo. These volumes will contain all of Dr. Taylor's writings on this fundamental topic in theology, and on subjects pertaining to it. The lectures are divided into three sections. The first, on the Nature of Moral Government, or on Moral Government in the abstract. The second, on Moral Government as discovered by the Light of Nature, with a brief argument applying these truths to the Evidence of Revelation. The third will be on Moral Government as revealed in the scriptures, including an extended discussion of the nature and import of the Jewish Theocracy, and also an inquiry into the nature of the Sanctions of the Law of God, as gathered from the scriptures; also, an appendix of some 175 pages, containing important essays on Justice, Miracles, the Providential Purposes and Government of God, &c. This work will be embellished by a steel engraving of Dr. Taylor. It will be published by Messrs. Clark, Austin & Smith, New York.

THE

NEW ENGLANDER.

No. LXVI.

MAY, 1859.

ARTICLE 1.-ANTICIPATIONS OF MAN IN NATURE.

THE subject of the Anticipations of Man in Nature is briefly treated by Dr. Bushnell, in his great work on Nature and the Supernatural. It introduced as the conclusion of a discussion relating to the "Fact of Sin." The argument drawn from man and society moves on with cumulating force, until sufficient, it would seem, to make sin a matter of oppressive consciousness, if not of conscience, with every reader. It continues, in the same vigorous style, with an appeal to its consequences and anticipations in the natural world. On this latter point, the mind, while admitting fully the evils of sin, is disposed to question nature closely, before full conviction-to inquire into her laws and ways, as brought out by science, in order, if possible, to arrive at precise knowledge. Yet, as the use Dr. Bushnell has made of the anticipations in nature is only incidental to the great subject before him, and the misinterpretations, if such, are but slight blemishes in the author's majestic display of vital truth, we have questioned whether even a brief notice would not be

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