Nor. My lord, the enemy is past the marsh:

After the battle let George Stanley die.

K. Rich. A thousand hearts are great within my bosom.
Advance our standards, set upon our foes;

Our ancient word of courage, fair Saint George,
Inspire us with the spleen of fiery dragons!
Upon them! Victory sits on our helms.

SCENE IV.-Another part of the field.

Alarum: excursions.

350

[Exeunt.

Enter NORFOLK and forces fighting; to
him CATESBY.

Cates. Rescue, my lord of Norfolk, rescue, rescue!
The king enacts more wonders than a man,
Daring an opposite to every danger :

His horse is slain, and all on foot he fights,
Seeking for Richmond in the throat of death.

Rescue, fair lord, or else the day is lost!

5

350. fair] fare Q 2. 352. helms] Qq 1, 2, 4, 8; helpes Qq 3, 5, 6, 7, Ff. Exeunt] Rowe; Drums, and Exeunt. Capell; omitted Qq, Ff.

Scene IV.

Another .

SCENE IV.] Capell; SCENE VIII. Pope; scene continued Ff. field.] Capell, Camb. Enter Norfolk ] Capell, Camb.; Enter Catesbie. Qq, Ff. 1. Rescue... rescue] one line as Qq; Rescue Norfolke, Rescue, rescue (two lines) Ff.

...

K. Rich. A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!
Cates. Withdraw, my lord; I'll help you to a horse.
K. Rich. Slave, I have set my life upon a cast,
And I will stand the hazard of the die!

I think there be six Richmonds in the field;
Five have I slain to-day instead of him.
A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!

Alarum.

SCENE V.-Another part of the field.

ΙΟ

[Exeunt.

Enter KING RICHARD and RICHMOND; they fight.
KING RICHARD is slain. Retreat and flourish. Re-enter
RICHMOND, DERBY bearing the crown, with divers other
lords.

Richm. God and your arms be prais'd, victorious friends!
The day is ours; the bloody dog is dead.
Der. Courageous Richmond, well hast thou acquit thee.

7. Alarums.] Ff; omitted Qq.

13. Exeunt.] Theobald; omitted Qq, Ff. Scene V.

Another

SCENE V.] Dyce; Ff, Pope, Capell, etc., continue scene. field.] Dyce, Camb. Retreat and flourish.] Ff; then retrait being sounded Qq. Re-enter Richmond] Camb.; Enter Richmond Qq, Ff. 1. God. . . friends] one line as Qq; God... Armes Be... Friends (two lines) Ff. 3. Der.] Stan. Pope. 3, 4. Courageous royalty] two lines as Qq; Couragious Richmond, Well... Loe Heere. Royalties (three lines) Ff.

13. The chronicles contain no mention of the loss of Richard's horse. This famous line was possibly suggested by the statement that "when the losse of the battell was imminent and apparant, they brought to him a swift and a light horsse, to conueie him awaie." The "six Richmonds in the field" are also without authority. Richard knew the earl at once "by certeine demonstrations and tokens, which he had learned and knowen of others that were able to giue him full information." He put spurs to his horse, and, riding out of his part of the host, "like a hungrie lion ran with speare in rest toward him." To make his way to his enemy, he killed Sir

Lo, here this long usurped royalty
From the dead temples of this bloody wretch
Have I pluck'd off, to grace thy brows withal:
Wear it, enjoy it, and make much of it.
Richm. Great God of Heaven, say amen to all!

But, tell me, is young George Stanley living?
Der. He is, my lord, and safe in Leicester town;

Whither, if it please you, we may now withdraw us. Richm. What men of name are slain on either side? Der. John Duke of Norfolk, Walter Lord Ferrers,

Sir Robert Brakenbury, and Sir William Brandon.
Richm. Inter their bodies as become their births:

Proclaim a pardon to the soldiers fled,
That in submission will return to us;
And then, as we have ta'en the sacrament,
We will unite the white rose and the red.
Smile Heaven upon this fair conjunction,
That long have frown'd upon their enmity!
What traitor hears me, and says not amen?
England hath long been mad, and scarr'd herself;
The brother blindly shed the brother's blood;
The father rashly slaughter'd his own son;
The son, compell'd, been butcher to the sire:

...

5

ΙΟ

15

20

25

4. royalty]Q1; roialties Qq 2-8, Ff. 7. enjoy it] Qq 1, 2; omitted Qq 3-8, Ff. 11. if it please you] Qq 2-8; it is please you Q1; (if you please) Ff; if you so please Pope. if.. withdraw us] if you please, we will withdraw us now Keightley conj. 13, 14. John Brandon.] Qq print in italics. 13. Der.] Ff; omitted Qq. Lord] the Lord Pope. Ferrers] Capell; Ferris Qq, Ff. 14. Brakenbury] Brookenbury Qq 1, 2; Brokenbury Qq 3-8, Ff. and] omitted Pope. 15. become] Qq, Ff; becomes Rowe, Camb. 25. rashly] madly

Capell.

4. royalty] So 1 Henry IV. IV. iii. 55. Holinshed has: "When the lord Stanleie saw the good will and gladnesse of the people, he tooke the crowne of king Richard (which was found amongst the spoile in the field), and set it on the earles head; as though he had beene elected king by the voice of the people." 10, II. Lord Strange was on the field, with the keepers of the king's tents. "The same night, in the euening, king Henrie with great pompe came to the town of Leicester."

All this divided York and Lancaster,
Divided in their dire division,

O, now let Richmond and Elizabeth,
The true succeeders of each royal house,
By God's fair ordinance conjoin together!
And let their heirs, God, if Thy will be so,

Enrich the time to come with smooth-fac'd peace,

30

With smiling plenty and fair prosperous days!

Abate the edge of traitors, gracious Lord,
That would reduce these bloody days again

35

And make poor England weep in streams of blood!
Let them not live to taste this land's increase,
That would with treason wound this fair land's peace!
Now civil wounds are stopp'd, peace lives again :
That she may live long here, God say amen!

32. their] Qq 1, 2, 8; thy Qq 3-7, Ff.

40

[Exeunt.

33. smooth-fac'd] Ff; smooth-faste Qq 1-3, 5; smooth fast Q4; smooth-fac't Qq 6-8. 41. here] heare Qq 1-3, Exeunt.] Ff; omitted Qq.

5-7.

27. this] Johnson wished to change to the relative "that." But it is the objects divided, and not the causes of division, which can be conjoined together.

35. Abate] blunt, depress, lower. Aldis Wright quotes 2 Henry IV. 1. i.

117, where the metaphor is very com-
plete. The more usual word is "re-
bate." See Measure for Measure, I. iv.
60; Lodge and Greene, Looking-Glass
for London (Dyce, 117):
"Could not
rebate the strength
brought."

that Rasni

APPENDIX I

I. iv. 257-68. Ff admit six lines which are not in Qq, five of which (or, rather, four and a half) are inserted between Clarence's appeal in line 256, "Relent, and save your souls," and the first murderer's repetition of the word "Relent." (1) It is quite obvious that the force of the repetition, and of Clarence's subsequent comments upon it, is thus destroyed. (2) The reading

Would not intreat for life, as you would begge
Were you in my distresse.

is awkward, as it makes Clarence say over again what he already has said. In his extremity, however, he might be excused for repeating himself, as Queen Elizabeth already has been excused for her grammar, I. iii. 62-9 above. The advantage of Ff reading is that Clarence, attempting to work on the feelings of both murderers, is repulsed by the first, and then turns to the second for compassion, with such effect that, when the fatal blow is about to descend, the second murderer warns the victim. The reading adopted in the text has these drawbacks: (1) it places Clarence's appeal to both murderers after the first murderer's refusal to relent; (2) it pieces together the two appeals; and (3) separates the words "as you would beg... distress" in a way for which there is no warrant in the original text. On the other hand, (1) the refusal of the first murderer is not absolute, and Clarence might still attempt to soften him; (2) the appeal, producing no effect upon him, might be broken off, and a special appeal be begun to the second murderer. (3) brings us to the root of the whole matter. We assume that the editor of F I used a copy of Q, probably Q 6; that he checked it by comparison with a MS. of the play; that he noted down in the margin or between the lines of the printed book the variations which he preferred from the MS.; and that, having done so, he sent his corrected copy of Q to the printer. In the present case, he would have crowded his margin with a number of lines which are not in Qq; and it is easy to see that