VII. Sound of a as in what.

Marked with a dot under it, thus-a. This sound is equivalent to short o, as in not. The word what is pronounced hwot, not wut.

Marked with a macron, thus-ē. Long e is one of the three vowel extremes, ä and o being the other two.

Marked with a breve, thus-e. Avoid yit for yet, aig

X.

Sound of e as in verge.

Marked with a wave or tilde, thus-e.

This sound nearly coincides with the sound of u as in urge, but is not quite so broad and guttural. Avoid the error of sounding ẽ like ai, as airth for earth, etc. Give the r after ĕ its full sound.

XI. Sound of e as in thêre.

Marked with a circumflex, thus-ê. This sound is

identical with the sound of a as in câre.

XII. Sound of e as in they.

Marked with a macron under it, thus-e. This sound

XIII. The long sound of i and y.

Marked with a macron, thus-1, y.

XIV. The short sound of i and y.

Marked with a breve, thus-1, ỹ.

Marked with a wave or tilde, thus-1. identical with the sound of e as in her. the broader and more guttural sound of Be careful to giver its full sound.

This sound is

Avoid giving u as in ûrge.

XVI. Sound of i as in pïque.

Marked with two dots over it, thus-ï. This sound

is equivalent to that of long e as in mē.

XVII. The long sound of o.

Marked with a macron, thus-ō. Avoid shortening or obscuring the sound of long o as in ōld, in such words as road, coat, hōme, bōne, stōne, etc.

bōne

stōne

bōth

brōke

ōn'ly ō'ral whōl'ly close'ly

chōke

lōne'ly

cloak

tro'phy

crōak

ō'pal

ō'dor

I. WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED.

Avoid the error of saying hôrse for hōarse, fôrce for

II. WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED.

In words like the following, avoid the error of giving long o the sound of o as in ôr'der; as bôr'der for board'er, fôrger for forger, pôr'trait for portrait, etc. Give o its full, long sound.

XVIII. The short sound of o.

Marked with a breve, thus-ŏ. The sound of short o, as in not, is slightly modified by the different consonants with which it is combined. In words like cough, gone, loss, etc., the sound of short o is modified so that it tends towards a sound intermediate between short o and broad a. Avoid the common error of saying dawg or dorg for dog; gawd or gord for god; also, that of gut for got, etc.

I. WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED.

In every word give o its clean-cut short sound.