Political Repression in 19th Century EuropeRoutledge, 17.06.2013 г. - 432 страници Originally published in 1983. The nineteenth century was a time of great economic, social and political change. As Europe modernized, previously ignorant and apathetic elements in the population began to demand political freedoms. There was pressure also for a freer press, for the rights of assembly and association. The apprehension of the existing elites manifested itself in an intensification of often brutal form of political repression. The first part of this book summarizes on a pan-European basis, the major techniques of repression such as the denial of popular franchise and press censorship. This is followed by a chronological survey of these techniques from 1815 – 1914 in each European country. The book analyzes the long and short-term importance of these events for European historical development in the 19th and 20th centuries. |
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... workers. Voters in each category voted for electors who then chose representatives to the lower legislative chamber (duma). By arbitrarily fixing the ratio of electors to voters in each curia, a system was devised in which 2,000 ...
... workers' votes. Under the 1907 system, 200,000 large landowners chose about 50 per cent of all electors, while the other 150 million Russians were represented by the other 50 per cent. The four-estates system used in Finland until 1906 ...
... workers in the forest or on the estates be dismissed, and that the same procedure shall be followed in the brickworks, the peat banks, and the factory for ovenware and pottery; that the supervisory personnel of the forest, the estate ...
... workers. In 1841, 82 per cent of 2,017 tobacco workers in Bremen, Germany were 25 years old or younger, and 61 per cent were 20 or younger. Among 108,000 Moscow factory workers in 1902, only 43 per cent were 30 or more, while about 40 ...
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Съдържание
Part Two A History of Political Repression in NineteenthCentury Europe | 89 |
Part Three Summary and Conclusions | 331 |
References | 353 |
Index | 377 |