Political Repression in 19th Century EuropeRoutledge, 17.06.2013 г. - 432 страници Originally published in 1983. The nineteenth century was a time of great economic, social and political change. As Europe modernized, previously ignorant and apathetic elements in the population began to demand political freedoms. There was pressure also for a freer press, for the rights of assembly and association. The apprehension of the existing elites manifested itself in an intensification of often brutal form of political repression. The first part of this book summarizes on a pan-European basis, the major techniques of repression such as the denial of popular franchise and press censorship. This is followed by a chronological survey of these techniques from 1815 – 1914 in each European country. The book analyzes the long and short-term importance of these events for European historical development in the 19th and 20th centuries. |
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... Portugal (1842, 1895, and 1913). The all-time champion in this area was undoubtedly Spain where the franchise was reduced in 1814, 1823, 1845, 1856, and 1876 (see Table 1.3). Indirect Voting, Open Ballots, and High Minimum Age ...
... Portugal for most of the period from 1834 to 1852, and, in the lower curial elections, Rumania (1866–1917), Austria (1873–1907), Sweden (until 1866) and Finland (until 1906). It was generally--and correctly—believed that imposing an ...
... Portugal, the United Kingdom, Spain, Rumania, Serbia, and many of the German states. In some cases, the wealth requirements were devastatingly high and eliminated huge percentages of the population. Eligibility requirements of the 1817 ...
... Portugal, Rumania, Serbia (until 1903) and Spain. In reading scholarly histories of all of these countries, one encounters time and again phrases such as "it was the government which made the election, not the election the government ...
... Portugal and Rumania. In Bulgaria, under Prince Ferdinand (1887–1918, czar after 1908) elections were also totally controlled by the government, but Ferdinand encouraged the development of numerous parties to allow him better to ...
Съдържание
Part Two A History of Political Repression in NineteenthCentury Europe | 89 |
Part Three Summary and Conclusions | 331 |
References | 353 |
Index | 377 |