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ART. XIII.-Ghaṭayāla Inscription of the Pratihāra Kakkuka, of [Vikrama-] Samvat 918. By MUNSHI DEBIPRASĀd, of Jodhpur.1

THE stone which bears this inscription is in the wall of a small building which is close to some ruins about a mile east of Ghaṭayala, a village situated about twenty miles north of the city of Jodhpur. It contains twenty-two lines of writing, which cover a space of about 2′ 2′′ broad by 1' 9" high. The first twenty lines are well preserved; of the two others the greater part is effaced or broken away, together with any subsequent lines of writing which the inscription originally may have contained. The size of the letters is about ". The characters are Nāgari; they closely resemble those of the Jodhpur inscription of Bauka, and have been drawn and engraved with the same. care and skill.2 The language, up to nearly the end of line 20, is Māhārāshṭrī Prākṛit; the small remainder is in Sanskrit; and the whole is in verse. In respect of orthography it will be sufficient to state that the letter b, when it is not combined with another consonant, is denoted by a sign of its own, not by the sign for v.

The inscription treats of the same line of Pratihāra (Paḍihāra or Parihara) chiefs which is eulogised in the Jodhpur inscription of Bauka; and it is of some value both because it corrects and adds to the information which has been drawn from that inscription, and because by far

Like the paper on the Jodhpur inscription of the Pratihāra Bauka, published in this Journal for 1894, p. 1 ff., this paper also has been prepared by Professor Kielhorn, from rubbings and rough copies of the text and translation of the inscription, sent to the Secretary by Munshi Debiprasad of Jodhpur.

2

For a somewhat rough lithograph of the two first lines of the inscription, see Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha's Palæography of India, plate xvi.

Its proper

the greater part of it is written in Prakṛit. object is, to record (in verses 22 and 23) that a chief named Kakkuka (Kakkua) founded a Jaina temple and made it over to a Jaina community which belonged to the gachchha of Dhanesvara. But it also tells us (in verses 19-21) that the same chief, on a date which will be considered below, established a market at the village of Rohinsakūpa, and erected two pillars, one at the same village and the other at Maddoara. And by way of introduction it gives (in verses 3-6) the following genealogy of Kakkuka :—

The Brahman Harichandra and his wife Bhadra, who was of the Kshatriya caste, had a son named Rajjila. His son was Narabhața; his son, Nāgabhaṭa (Ṇāhaḍa); his son, Tata; his son, Yasovardhana; his son, Chanduka; his son, Śilluka; his son, Jhoța; his son, Bhilluka; his son, Kakka; and his son, from Durlabhadevi, Kakkuka. With the exception of Durlabhadevi and her son Kakkuka, all these persons were known to us already (some under slightly different names) from the Jodhpur inscription; but the present inscription shows that Yasovardhana was the son of Tāta, not, as has been wrongly inferred from the Jodhpur inscription, of Tata's younger brother Bhoja, who is here omitted; and that the son of Silluka (Śiluka or Śiluka) was named Jhota, not Jhaṭovara. According to the Jodhpur inscription Kakka had another son, named Bāuka, from the Mahārājni Padmini; he, of course, must have been a brother of Kakkuka, who in the present inscription is described as the son of Kakka and Durlabhadevi. If Munshi Debiprasad were right in reading the date of the Jodhpur inscription samvva 940, Kakkuka, whose present inscription contains a date of the year 918, would have to be considered as the predecessor of Bauka; but, judging from the rubbing of the Jodhpur inscription, I still believe the date of that inscription to be samvvat 4, and it therefore remains doubtful which of the two chiefs was the elder brother.

The date given in verse 19 of the present inscription is Wednesday, the second lunar day of the bright half of Chaitra of the year 918 (apparently of the Vikrama era), while the moon was in the nakshatra Hasta. This last item at once shows that the date cannot be correct; for the moon might well be in Hasta on the second tithi of the dark half of the pūrṇimānta Chaitra, but it would never be there on the second of the bright half of Chaitra. Nor is the week-day right; for Chaitra-sudi 2 would correspond, for the Chaitrādi Vikrama year 918 current, to Tuesday, the 27th February, A.D. 860; for the Chaitrādi Vikrama year 918 expired, to Monday, the 17th March, a.d. 861; and for the Kārttikādi Vikrama year 918 expired, to Friday, the 6th March, A.D. 862. And it may be added that the second tithi of the dark half of the pūrṇimānta Chaitra also did not end on a Wednesday in either the current or the expired Vikrama year 918. But although several of the details of the date are thus shown to be incorrect, there appears to be no reason why the year of the date, too, should be looked upon with suspicion, and I therefore believe that the two chiefs Bauka and Kakkuka, in accordance with the present inscription, may be confidently placed in the second half of the ninth century A.D. From this it would follow that the chief Bhaṭṭikadevarāja, who in the Jodhpur inscription is stated to have been defeated by Bauka's ancestor Šiluka, must have lived about the middle of the eighth century A.D., or about a hundred years before the Bhatti chief Deorāj of Jaisalmer, who is recorded to have been born in Vikrama-samvat 892.

In addition to the villages Rohinsakūpa and Maḍdoara, which have not been identified, the inscription mentions several countries or districts for which the reader is referred to the text and translation of verses 16 and 17.

Text.

L.

1. ओं [ ॥ * ] सग्गापवग्गमग्गं पढमं सयलाण कारणं देवं ।

णीसेसदुरिअदलणं परमगुरुं णमह जिणणाहं ॥–[1.] 2. रहुतिलओ पडिहारो आसी सिरिलक्वणो त्ति रामस्त । तेण पडिहारवन्सो' समुणई' एत्य सम्पत्तो ॥ - [2.] विप्पो सिरि

3. हरिनन्दो भज्जा आसि त्ति खत्तित्र भद्दा | ताण सुत्रो उप्पणो वोरो सिरिरज्जिलो एत्य ॥ – [3] अस्स वि णरहडणामो जाओ सिरि

4. णाहडो त्ति एअस्स । अस्स वि तणओ ताओ तस्स वि जसवज्रणो जाओ ॥–[4.] अस्स वि चन्दुअणामा' उप्पलो सिल्लुओ वि एअस्स । झो- '

4

5. डो त्ति तस्स तणओ अस्स वि सिरिभिल्ल चाई ॥ - [5.] सिरिभिल्लुअस्स तण सिरिकक्को गुरुगुणेहि गारविओ । अस्स वि कक्कुअणा

6

6. मो दुल्लहदेवीए उप्पलो ॥ - ॥ [6] ईसिविआसं हसि महुरं भणिअं पलोइअं सोम्मं । णमयं' जस्स ण दोणं' रो

1 Read ॰वंसो.

2 This has been altered to समुल हूं, which it should be.

3 Read, perhaps, •णामो.

4 The Jodhpur inscription has शिलुक in line 10, and शीलुक in

line 12.

This akshara is quite clear in the rubbings. The published version of the Jodhpur inscription, in line 12, has झाटोवरः सुतः; but on referring to my rubbing of it, I find that the first akshara of the name there too may possibly be झो, not झा, and I would read झोटो वरः सुतः, in three words.

Dow

6 Here there is an ornamental full stop in the original.

7 Perhaps altered to

8 In the original

fЯ in the original.

i had first been engraved.