CHAP. III. unless accompanied by that living sacrifice of heart and A.D. 1498. mind which they were meant to typify-was not likely to advocate any view which should attribute the acceptance of the one offering and the rejection of the other, merely to any difference in the offerings themselves. He would be sure to place the difference in the character of the men. Colet seems on this occasion to have done so, and to have fancied he saw in the different occupations chosen by the two brothers evidence of the different spirit under which they acted. The exact course of the conversation we have no means of following. All we know is, that Colet took one side, and Erasmus and the divine the other, and that the chief bone of contention was the suggestion thrown out by Colet, that Cain had in the first instance offended the Almighty by his distrust in the Divine beneficence, and too great confidence in his own art and industry, and that this was proved by his having been the first to attempt to till the cursed ground; offerings. while Abel, with greater resignation, and resting content with what nature still spontaneously yielded, had chosen the gentle occupation of a shepherd.1 The difference Abel in the There may have been something fanciful in the view urged by Colet, but it is evident that it covered a truth which he could not give up, however hard and long his opponents might argue. Erasmus was astonished at Colet's earnestness and power. He seemed to him 'like one inspired. In his 1 Dicebat Coletus, Caym ea nascentibus contentus, oves pa'primum culpa Deum offendisse, 'verit.'-Eras. Epist. xliv. Op. quod tanquam conditoris benigni- p. 42, F. Compare MS. G. g. 4, 'tate diffisus, suæque nimium con- 26, fols. 4-6 and 29, 30, and Eras'fisus industriæ, terram primus mus's Paraphrases, in loco, Hebrews prosciderit, quum Abel, sponte xi. 4. ' voice, his eye, his whole countenance and mien, he CHAP. III. 'seemed raised, as it were, out of himself.'1 A.D. 1498. makes up a story about Cain. Erasmus and the divine both felt themselves beaten ; but it is not always easy for the vanquished to yield gracefully, and the discussion growing warmer as it proceeded, might have risen even to intemperate heat, had not Erasmus dexterously wound it round to a Erasmus happy conclusion by pretending to remember that he had once met with a curious story about Cain in an old wormeaten manuscript whose title-page time had destroyed. The disputants were all attention, and Erasmus having thus tickled their curiosity, was induced to tell the story, after extracting a promise from the listeners that they would not treat it as a fable. He then drew upon his ready wit, and improvised the following story : This Cain was a man of art and industry, and withal greedy and covetous. He had often heard 'from his parents how, in the garden from which they ' had been driven, the corn grew as tall as alder-bushes unchoked by tares, thorns, or thistles. When he brooded over these things, and saw how meagre a crop the ground produced, after all his pains in tilling it, he was tempted to resort to treachery. He went to the 'angel who was the appointed guardian of paradise, and 'plying him with crafty arts, tempted him with pro'mises to give him secretly just a few grains from the 6 luxuriant crops of Eden. He argued that so small a theft could not be noticed, and that if it were, the 'sublimius augustiusque præferre.mine quando.'-Eras. Op. iii, 42, F. 6 CHAP. III. angel could but fall to the condition men were in. A.D. 1498. Why was his condition better than theirs? Men were 'driven out of the garden because they had eaten the apple. He being set to guard the gate, could enjoy 'neither paradise nor heaven. He was not even free, 'as they were, to wander where he liked upon earth! Many good things were still left to men. With care ' and labour the world might be cultivated, and human 'misery so far lessened by discoveries and arts of all kinds, that at length men might not need to be 'envious even of Eden. It was true that they were 'infested by diseases, but human art would find the 'cure for these in time. Perhaps some day something might even be found which would make life immortal. When man by his industry had made the earth into one great garden, the angel would be shut out from it, as well as from heaven and Eden. Let him do 'what he could for men without harm to himself, ' and then men would do what they could for him in return. The worst man will carry the weakest cause, if 'he be but the best talker. A few grains were obtained 6 by stealth, and carefully sown by Cain. These being 'sprung up, produced an increased number. The multiplied seed was again sown, and the process repeated time after time. Before many harvests had passed, 'the produce of the stolen seed covered a wide tract of country. When what was taking place on earth 'became too conspicuous to be longer concealed from heaven, God was exceedingly wroth. "I see," He said, "how this fellow delights in toil and sweat; I "will heap it upon him to his fill." He spoke, and 'sent a dense army of ants and locusts to blight Cain's 'cornfields. He added to these hailstorms and hurri6 canes. He sent another angel to guard the gate of 6 6 'paradise and imprisoned the one who had favoured CHAP. III. • man in a human body. Cain tried to appease God A.D. 1498. by burnt-offerings of fruits, but found that the smoke of his sacrifice would not rise towards heaven. Understanding from this that the anger of God was de⚫termined against him, he despaired !'1 Thus, with this clever impromptu fable, did Erasmus gracefully contrive to throw the weight of his altered opinion into Colet's scale, and at the same time to restore the whole party to wonted good-humour. Meanwhile what he had seen of Colet made a deep impression upon him. He himself declared that he never had enjoyed an after-dinner talk so much. It was, he said, wanting in nothing.2 This little glimpse given by Erasmus himself of his first experience of Oxford life is of value, not only as revealing his own early impressions of Colet and Oxford, but also as throwing some little light upon the position. which Colet himself had taken in the University after a year's labour at his post. That he should be chosen to preside at the long table on this occasion, was a mark at least of honour and respect; while the way in which he evidently gave the tone to the conversation, and became so thoroughly the central figure in the group, shows that this respect was true homage paid to character, and not to mere wealth and station. Then, again, the fact that Erasmus, a stranger, without purse or name, should have had assigned to him the second seat of honour, second only to the special guest of the day, was in itself a proof of the same hearty appreciation by Charnock and Colet of character, without regard 1 Eras. Epist. xliv. 2 Erasmus Sixtino, Epist. xliv. Op. iii. p. 42, C. The po let and Erasmus sition of at Oxford. CHAP. III. to rank or station. Would it have been so everyA.D. 1498. Where? Had Erasmus been so treated at Paris?1 delighted with Colet nock. No wonder that the letters of Erasmus, written Erasmus during these his first months spent at Oxford, should bear witness to the delight with which he found himand Char- self received, all stranger as he was, into the midst of a group of warm-hearted friends, with whom, for the first time in his life, he found what it was to be at home. I cannot tell you,' he wrote to his friend Lord Mountjoy, how delighted I am with your England. 'With two such friends as Colet and Charnock, I would 'not refuse to live even in Scythia!"2 Scholastic skill of Erasmus. III. CONVERSATION BETWEEN COLET AND ERASMUS ON THE But although Erasmus had formed the closest friendship with Colet, and was learning more and more to understand and admire him, it was long before he was sufficiently one in heart and purpose to induce Colet to unburden to him his whole mind. But He did so only by degrees. When he thought his friend really in earnest in any passing argument, he would tell him fully what his own views were. Colet hated the Schoolmen's habit of arguing for argument's sake, and felt that Erasmus was as yet not wholly weaned from it. It was a habit which had been fostered by the current practice of asserting wiredrawn 1 See his colloquy, Ichthyophagia, in which he describes his college experience at Paris, especially his physical hardships. The latter are probably caricatured, and perhaps too much magnified for the description to be taken literally. 2 Erasmus to Lord Mountjoy: Epist. xlii. Oxoniæ, 1498. |