ROTTERDAM-BURNS' MONUMENT. ROTTERDAM. This celebrated, ancient, and popular town, of which the accompanying picture is in part an accurate sketch, is a city of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, on the right bank of the Meuse. The town, as will be seen by the engraving, resembles Venice in situation, though it is sadly different in architecture. A modern traveller says, the usual noises of a city are absent from Rotterdam; the very people, he remarks, have a talent for holding their tongues; and the vessels, that glide among the water streets, and stop at their own warehouse doors, are laid out in alleys of enormous trees, beneath the shadow of which the sailors work. In consequence of the numerous bridges, and the narnow, winding streets, the geography of the place geography is rendered somewhat intricate to a stranger. The Exchange is reckoned one of the architectural wonders of the city. Rotterdam, which lies twelve miles south-east of the Hague, Hague, and thirty-three west of Amsterdam, is the second city in the Dutch provinces for commerce and wealth, and contains 63,093 inhabitants. Its form is triangular, and the largest side, which is above a mile and a half in extent, stretches along the bank of the Meuse. Spreads its long arms amid the watery roar, Scoops out an empire, and usurps the shore: While the pent ocean, rising o'er the pile, Sees an amphibious world beneath him smile; The slow canal, the yellow-blossomed vale, The willow-tufted bank, the gliding sail, The crowded mart, the cultivated plain, • A new creation rescued from his reign." BURNS MONUMENT. 409 Perhaps no memento of departed genius and worth was ever more fully deserved, than the one of which the annexed engraving presents an accurate sketch. Burns was the poet of nature; and his melodious numbers find an echo in every heart. Of humble birth, and obscure in his childhood, he rose to be an associate of noblemen, and to see his fame spreading to the remotest corners of the British realms. These flattering evidences, however, were unable to destroy the unbending independence of his mind. He lived a man of unswerving honour, and died regretted by thousands who knew him only from the mental gems which he had scattered around him while living, to be treasured for ages by the intelligent world. The first efforts to erect a monument to the memory of Burns, were made at Dumfries, (in the churchyard of which beautiful and rural town the remains of the poet had been deposited,) in the year 1813, at a large public meeting, in which General Dunlop, a son of Burns' friend and patroness, presided. Contributions flowed in rapidly from all quarters, and a costly mausoleum was at length erected, in the most elevated site which the churchyard presented. Thither the remains of the poet were solemnly transferred, on the 5th June, 1815; and the spot continues to be visited every year by many hun The town is surrounded by a moat, and entered by six gates towards the land, and four towards the water. It is traversed by the Rotte, a broad canal, which here joins the Meuse. Rotterdam is intersected, even more than other towns in Holland, by canals, which divide the half of the town, near the river, into several insulated spots, connected by drawbridges. These canals are almost all bordered with trees. The row called the Boomtjes is the finest in the city, as well in regard to buildings as for its pleasant prospect across the Meuse. Next to the Boomtjes comes the Haring-vliet. The other streets dreds of travellers. The structure, which is are, in general, long but narrow. The houses said in Lockhart's Life of Burns, to be more of Rotterdam are rather convenient than elegant: their height is of four, five or six stories. Of the public buildings of Rotterdam, the principal are the exchange, finished in 1736, and the great church of St. Lawrence, from the top of which there is a most extensive prospect. After these come several other churches, the whole number of which is fifteen, the town-house (an old edifice), the admiralty, the academy, the theatre, the extensive buildings of the East India company, a number of large warehouses, and a few manufactories. Rotterdam has an active transit trade; the manufactures are not extensive; sugar refineries and distilleries furnish the chief articles of industry. There are several learned societies. It is the birth-place of the celebrated Erasmus. Rotterdam received the title and privileges of a city in 1270. Its commerce suffered severely from the French revolution; and, in 1825, an inundation of the Meuse did great damage to the city. The numerous canals and dykes about Rotterdam, and the different kinds of water communication, give a picturesque and beautiful appearance to the scenes, and render them much admired. Now, in Holland, as in the days of Goldsmith, to prevent the encroachments of the waters: "Diligently slow, The firm, connected bulwark seems to grow; gaudy than might have been wished, bears the following inscription, of which we shall hereafter offer a translation: In aeternum honorem Poetarum Caledoniae sui aevi longe principis cujus carmina eximia patrio sermone scripta animi magis ardentis vique ingenii quam arte vel cultu conspicua facetiis jucunditate lepore affluentia omnibus litterarum cultoribus satis nota cives sui necnon plerique omnes musarum amantissimi memoriamque viri arte poetica tam praeclari foventes HOC MAUSOLEUM super reliquias poetae mortales extruendum curavere primum hujus aedificii lapidem Gulielmus Miller armiger reipublicae architectonicae apud scotus in regione australi curio maximus provincialis Georgio Tertio regnante Georgio Walliarum principe summam imperii pro patre tenente Josepho Gass armigero Dumfrisiae praefecto Thoma F. Hunt Londinensi architecto posuit nonis Juniis Anno Lucis VMDCCCXV salutis humanae MDCCCXV. 410 LAMENT ON CANOVA-TO A LADY-WASHALOO. Written for the Casket. LAMENT OF CANOVA. When Napoleon informed Canova that the bust of himself was a failure, the sculptor replied, "Sire! the clouded sky of France does not inspire me like the warm sun of Italy." My hand hath lost the wondrous power, I left my sunny clime, to seek Though bright thy vine-clad hills appear, Though fled alas thy day of power; Land! where the partial God of day, And still the splendor of thy sky Sweet perfume from thy orange-bowers By gentle winds are ever brought; AVON BARD. From the Saturday Evening Post. Written for the Casket. Washaloo, the Indian Sachem : OR, FAITH UNBROKEN. "Renown'd for conquest, and in council skill'd, His courage dwelt not in a troubled flood Of mountain spirits and fermenting blood; Lodg'd in the soul, with virtue overrul'd, Inflam'd by reason, and by reason cool'd, In hours of peace content to be unknown, And only in the field of battle shown.-ADDISON." "Si sciens fallo, me Diespiter, salva urbe arceque, bonis ejiciat ut ego hunc lapidem," -FEST. AP. LIL. In the year 1682, did the illustrious founder of Pennsylvania, a philanthropist no less renowned for the benevolence of his heart than for the liberality of his enlarged views, conclude a treaty with some Indian nations, under the wide spreading branches of an Elm Tree, that stood upon the banks of the Delaware at Shackamaxom.This compact, unlike most others, it is well known, was never violated on the part of the natives. Cemented by the indissoluble bonds of justice and religious solemnity, and subsequently confirmed by a beneficent deportment towards the aborigines, Penn secured their lasting friendship; and thus, whilst blood and carnage, breach of faith and base ingratitude, on mutual sides, followed close upon the heels of similar contracts, the stability of this GRAND TREATY stood unshaken-firm as the basis of the majestic and stupendous Chimborazo, around whose head the heavens war without effect; at whose feet the earth rocks in vain. Among the sachems who negotiated the articles of treaty with William Penn, when the tomahawk and scalping knife were hung upon the tree of peace, and the pipe of friendship was smoked under the shadow of its luxuriant branches, was the celebrated warrior, WASHALOO, the subject of the following tale. As Lucifer shines resplendent among the stars of the morning, so did Washaloo among the children of nature; what Achilles had been in the Grecian camps before Troy, such was Washaloo upon the soil of America. Nature, in bestowing upon him the corporeal energy of an Ajax Telamon, did not withhold those more noble qualities, the wisdom and prudence of an Ulysses. Did he prove his On returning a Lady her Miniature and a prowess on the field of battle? The proud spirit of Lock of her Hair. It is a spot o'er which is cast The spells thy love once round me threw, King Philip, of Mount Hope, was compelled to acknowledge his superiority-the scalps of a host of victims bore witness to it. Did he claim the merit of being an expert hunter?-Common consent awarded to him the high honor; as he passed, old women raised up their children to behold the man, and young women held down their heads and blushed at his approach. Sheer ignorance of the manners and customs, habits and disposition of the Indians, has too often sanctioned the despicable cant of traducing and calumniating them in unmeasured terms, both in regard to their physical and moral nature. Savages, we are pleased to call them, merely because their ideas of men, principles, and things, do not quadrate with ours, which we would fain regard as the perfection of civilityaye, the rule and touchstone by which to test the Have passed like pictures, traced in sand- liteness and hospitality, the customs of the white | fortitude in adversity, and wonderful talents in man compared with those of the Indian, are surely put to the blush. Those, whom the vanity of the civilized world has seen fit to stigmatize as barbarians, have, indeed, in all ages and countries, been allowed in an eminent degree, the virtue of hospitality. The wild Arabs are celebrated for it; on this account did the Greeks applaud the Scythians. With regard to politeness, the rules of the Indian are carried to such an extreme, that it may really be looked upon as a positive evil, inasmuch as his notions on this subject do not permit him to contradict or refuse his assent to any proposition made in his presence. In holding public councils, the greatest order and decorum obtain; the front rank is occupied by the old men; the warriors hold the next, and the women and children are placed hindmost. When young, the Indian men perform the duties of hunters and warriors; when old, that of counsellor devolves upon them; but to him only who has faced the enemy on the field of battle, is al eloquence, are, in a word, the chief characteristics of this once numerous and powerful people, who have been compelled gradually to recede before the advancing step of their Anglo-Saxon conquerors. The primitive lords of the forest have vanished from the presence of the descendants of Penn; the terrific sound of his deathsong and warwhoop, has long since died away-he is no longer to be seen on the borders of the Atlantic; but, already driven beyond the mighty river of the west, the period is not far distant, when the remnant of this ill-starred nation, pushed to the shores of the Pacific, will become an extinct race! In surveying ing his his present degraded destiny, the eye of humanity is forced to shed the sympathetic tear; for, had the white man performed but a tythe of his duty, he would not be doomed to grovel in abject misery and degradation. The intellectual capacity and moral affections with which nature has endowed the brothers of the twenty-four fires, render them capa lowed the privilege of addressing the audience ble of pursuing the paths of refined and civilized in a tone of authority. Hence, eloquence is one of the chief objects of their ambition, since this power alone, exerted in popular assemblies, may control the destiny of nations. The duty of the women consists in rearing the children, cultivating the soil, preparing the food, and in preserving and transmitting to posterity, a traditional life of treading the flowery mazes of the arts and sciences. Many a high-souled genius, wrought for immortality, and stamped with the patent of the Deity, for want of proper culture, has returned to his parent dust, unknown and undeveloped. Some WASHINGTON, in whose breast the destinies of a nation may lie dormant history of all public transactions. The deeds of -some JEFFERSON, whose philosophic spirit, like valor performed by the hand of the young and the bright luminary of day, shot forth the effulchivalrous warrior, find an ample reward in the gent rays of his genius, to illuminate the mind of smiles of his sweetheart. Is he unsuccessful in a young republic-some FRANKLIN, who, Prothe chase?-In vain does he solicit the hand of metheus-like, tore the lightning from the heavens, youthful beauty. The butt of general ridicule, "eripuit fulmen coelo," and subjected it to the even the old women tauntingly invite him to re- dominion of his philosophy-may all, at this momain at home and perform the more congenial of- | ment, banished beyond the Mississippi, be drag fices of scouring pots and nursing children. ging out a miserable existence, estranged from the fountain of true wisdom and of knowledge. But, despite of envy, the Treaty of Penn will stand in bold relief on the page of history, as a cenotaph, more immutable than marble, more durable than brass, to rescue the national honor of the persecuted Indian, from the foul opprobrium by which it has been so wantonly aspersed; it demonstrates, clear as the light of the meridian day, that the American native, when dealing with the spirit of a Penn, will cling to his word with unshaken adherence and religious devotion. But two predominant passions hold a place in the breast of the North American Indian, friendship and revenge. Their passions are slowly moved, but when once excited, they manifest the most inveterate malignity and cold-blooded cruelty towards their enemies. That their ideas of revenge are cruel and vindictive in the extreme, visiting their wrongs, regardless either of age or sex, upon the innocent of the race from whom they have sustained injury, no one will be disposed to deny; but, that they have been, and still remain a deeply injured and persecuted people, is certainly not the less true. The whites on the frontiers have, indeed, been represented as no less ferocious and inhuman-both parties delighting in blood, and languishing in peace. However, to estimate properly the character of of such moral and intellectual powers, have risen, The character I have portrayed under the title of Washaloo, is not an imaginary one; along the vast sweep from the estuary of the St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Sabine, thousands, possessed flourished, and died, like the flower that -"Is born to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness on the desert air." the red men, it must not be forgotten that it was a border warfare, conducted in a manner peculiar to the situation in which a certain concurrence of circumstances had placed the two people. It is not at all surprising that the jealousy and resentment of the natives were roused into action, when they beheld their white neighbors gradually encroaching upon their hunting would have decorated the warrior's throbbing grounds, thus invading their most sacred rightsa right, granted by the God of nature; and when their passions were often still more inflamed by the misrepresentations of artful and reckless agents. Whereas, had their feats of valor been performed under the extended wings of the Roman or American Eagle, the laurel wreath of victory temples, and the trumpet of fame would have sounded pæans of praise in celebration of his triumph; the page of history would have recorded his imperishable renown, and the nation's gratitude would have bid the gorgeous mauso Indomitable chivalry in battle, unexampled | leum to arise, and the sculptured marble to start |