broadcloths, on payment of reserve rent to herself, alicence which was worth £4,000 a year. In 1584 she also granted him the "Farm of Wines," which he sub-let for £700 a year. In 1585 he was knighted. In July, 1585, he was made successor to a deceased Earl of Bedford, in the office of Lord Warden of the Stannaries. In September, 1585, he was made Lieutenant of Cornwall, and soon afterwards Vice-Admiral of Cornwall and Devon. In 1586 he received a grant of 12,000 acres of forfeited land in Ireland. In 1587 he succeeded Sir Christopher Hatton as Captain of the Queen's Guard. This was an unpaid office of honour about the court, but in the same year the Queen granted to Raleigh all the estates and property that fell to the crown by the attainder of Anthony Babington for conspiring to effect the murder of Elizabeth and to set Mary on the throne. This enriched Raleigh with manors and lands in three counties, Lincolnshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, besides the little patrimony that he had in Devonshire.

The rise in substantial favour went side by side with Raleigh's work for the colonising of Virginia. In the spring of 1585 he equipped a fleet of seven vessels, in charge of his cousin, Sir Richard Grenville, to found a colony of which Ralph Lane, joined in the charge, was to be governor. Lane was left with 105 colonists on the island of Roanoake. In 1586 they were brought back, rescued by Drake, after they had ruined themselves by ill-treatment of the natives. They brought back with them tobacco, which was then first

introduced into England. Thomas Hariot, one of their number, published in 1588, "A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia,” in which he described the way of smoking the herb which they call appawoc, but the Spaniards tabacco. "They used to take the fume or smoke thereof by sucking it through pipes made of clay into their stomach and head.' In May, 159, Raleigh sent out another colony of a hundred and fifty householders under Captain John White, again to fail. Between 1587 and 1602 Raleigh fitted out, at his own charges, no fewer than five Virginia expeditions, and at the very last he wrote of the land across the Atlantic, "I shall yet see it a great nation."

Meanwhile he was at work in other ways. He fitted out and despatched privateers that brought home from the high seas wealth of Spain. He endeavoured to turn famine-stricken wildernesses in Cork, Waterford, and Tipperary into regions of prosperous industry. In 1588 Raleigh's ship was lost in pursuit of the Spaniards after discomfiture of the Armada. In 1589 he was in Ireland making the first plantation of potatoes about his house at Youghal, and in friendly intercourse with Spenser, whom he brought to court in 1590, to present to Elizabeth the first three books of his Faerie Queene, which were then published in London.

In 1592 Raleigh fell into displeasure with Elizabeth about his marriage with Elizabeth Throgmorton, one of her maids of honour. Soon afterwards he planned that expedition to Guiana which this volume describes. Tempted by Spanish

Atales of El Dorado, he sailed in February, 1595, and published the account of his adventures after his return.

With all his force of character there was proud reserve in Raleigh that turned many against him, and decreased the number of his friends. There was a faction bitterly opposed to Lim, by which King James of Scotland was made to regard him as a personal enemy. When James VI, of Scotland became James I. of England, Raleigh fell into his enemies' hands. Within the year, Raleigh was tried at Winchester on a false charge of conspiring to place Arabella Stuart on the throne; was sentenced to death, and reprieved without any annulling of the sentence. During the next twelve years he was a prisoner in the Tower, where he wrote the great fragment of his "History of the World;" published in 1614 as a large folio. Its record reached only to the second Macedonian War. In 1616,-the year of Shakes peare's death,-Raleigh obtained release by inspiring hope in the king of gold from El Dorado. He was provided with a patent for establishing a settlement in Guiana, and sent on his second voyage. The expedition failed. Raleigh returned in 1618, having lost his eldest son in an attack on the new Spanish settlement of St. Thomas; and on the 29th of October, 1618, King James obliged the King of Spain by having the fifteen year old sentence carried out. Sir Walter Raleigh thus died on the scaffold at the age of sixty-six. This close of his story gives special interest to his own record of his expeditions to Guiana, H. M.

THE DISCOVERY OF GUIANA.

ON Thursday, the 6th of February, in the year 1595, we departed England, and the Sunday. following had sight of the North Cape of Spain, the wind for the most part continuing prosperous;' we passed in sight of the Burlings and the rock,. and so onwards for the Canaries, and fell in with Fuerte Ventura the 17th of the same month, where we spent two or three days, and relieved our companies with some fresh meat. From thence we coasted by the Grand Canaria, and so to Teneriffe, and stayed there for the Lion's Whelp, your lordship's ship, and for Captain Amys Preston and the rest; but when after seven or eight days we found them not, we departed, and directed our course for Trinidad with mine own ship, and a small bark of Captain Cross's only (for we had before lost sight of a small gallego on the coast of Spain, which came with us from Plymouth): we arrived at Trinidad

the 22nd of March, casting anchor at Point Curiapan, which the Spaniards call Punto de Gallo, which is situate in eight degrees or thereabouts: we abode there four or five days, and in all that time we came not to the speech of any Indian or Spaniard; on the coast we saw a fire, as we sailed from the point Carao towards Curiapan, but for fear of the Spaniards, none durst come to speak with us. I myself coasted it in my barge close aboard the shore, and landed in every cove, the better to know the island, while the ships kept the channel. From Curiapan, after a few days, we turned up north-east, to recover that place which the Spaniards call Puerto de los Hispanioles, and the inhabitants Conquerabia, and as before (re-victualling my barge), I left the ships and kept by the shore, the better to come to speech with some of the inhabitants, and also to understand the rivers, watering-places, and ports of the island, which (as it is rudely done) my purpose is to send your lordship after a few days. From Curiapan I came to a port and seat of Indians called Parico, where we found a fresh water river, but saw no people. From thence I rowed to another port, called by the naturals Piche, and by the Spaniards Tierra de Brea,

In