History situation in which Ferdinand found himself on his assumption of the throne, they were delivered over Of the Invasion of Spain by Bonaparte. bound, as it were, hand and foot, to their treacher ABRIDGED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC 90URCES, CHAPTER II. First acts of Ferdinand VII-Murat enters Madrid-Bonaparte decoys the whole of the Royal family to Bayonne.-Transactions there, till their compulsory resignation of the crown. ous enemies. The ministers of the foreign courts all congratulated the new king upon his accession, except the French ambassador, who declined it, because he had not been furnished with the necessary instructions. Murat was at this time advancing towards Madrid with his army: nay, supposing, says CevalThe first act of Ferdinand VII. was to re-appoint los, that the Royal family were already on the the five secretaries of state, whose offices terminat- coast, and on the point of embarking, and that the ed with the former reign. Cevallos was thus con- people would receive him with open arms as their firmed in the same situation under the son which deliverer,-he conceived that the Spaniards were in he had held under the father. The appointment, the highest degree dissatisfied with their governhowever, he thought proper to resign; the reasons ment, and never reflected that they were only diswhich he alledged for so doing have not been made satisfied with its abuses. The occurrences at public; perhaps he wished to withdraw as much as Aranjuez were altogether unexpected, and he impossible from increasing difficulties and dangers, mediately hastened with his whole army towards against which there appeared no remedy; perhaps the capital to profit by the occasion, and take such some degree of unpopularity attached to him be- steps as might, by any means, make him master of cause of his connection with Godoy. The lan- Spain. The approach of such an army, the silence guage in which Ferdinand, by a public decree, of the French ambassador, the mysteriousness of refused to receive his resignation implies this, It Bonaparte, and his journey to Bayonne, perplexed had been proved to him, he said (March 21) that and alarmed Ferdinand. He had immediately comthough Cevallos had married a cousin of the Prince municated his accession to this emperor in the de la Paz, he had never participated in the projects most friendly and affectionate terms-fear could of which that man was accused, into which judi- suggest no other. Lest this should be deemed incial inquiries had been instituted. This manifest-sufficient, he appointed a deputation of three gran. ed in him a noble and a loyal heart, and he was dees to proceed to Bayonne, and compliment him therefore a servant of whom the king would not in his name; and another grandee was sent, in like deprive himself. The whole of Godoy's property manner, to compliment Murat, who had already was pronounced to be forfeited and the king an- reached the vicinity of Madrid. This worthy nounced his intention of speedily coming to the agent of such a master was fully in the Emperor's metropolis to be proclaimed, expressing, however, confidence; he assured Ferdinand that Bonaparte his wishes that the inhabitants would previously might be every moment expected; and he spread give him proofs of their tranquility, since he had this rumor on all sides. Orders were therefore giv communicated to them this most efficient order en for preparing apartments in the palace suitable against the late favorite. By the same proclama- for such a guest; and the king whose fears made tion the Duke del Infantado, a nobleman of the him restless, wrote again to Bonaparte, saying how highest character, was appointed to the command agreeable it would be to him to become personally of the Royal Spanish Guards, and to the presiden-acquainted with him, and to assure him, with his cy of Castile. All those persons who had been con- own lips, of his ardent wishes to strengthen more & fined in consequence of the affair which happened more the alliance which subsisted between them. in the Escurial,-thus the pretended conspiracy March 23. Murat, evidently for the purpose of was spoken of,-were recalled near his royal per-displaying his forces, to intimidate the Spaniards, son. These various measures, it was said, were reviewed his whole army before the walls; then made public that they might come to the know-made his entrance into Madrid, preceded by the ledge of all, and that the loyal inhabitants of Ma-imperial horse-guards, and by his staff, and followdrid might know how great an interest the king ed by all the cavalry, and by the first division of took in their happiness. foot, under general Mounier; two other divisions A proclamation of the following day informed were encamped without the city, and a detachment the people, that the king had notified to the French proceeded to take possession of Toledo. Ferdiemperor the happy event of his accession, assuring nand made his public entrance on horseback, the him at the same time, that, animated by the same following day, (March 24) with no other parade sentiments as his august father, and far from chang-than that which, under happier circumstances, ing in the slightest degree, his political system with would have been the most grateful of all spectacles: regard to France, he would endeavor, by all possi-a concourse of all the people of the capital and its ble means, to draw closer the bonds of friendship vicinity, rejoicing in his presence, and testifying and strict alliance which so fortunately subsisted by their acclamations, that they expected from him between Spain and the French empire. This com- the regeneration of the country. munication, it was said, was made, in order that Murat spoke mysteriously upon the change of the council might act conformably to the king's government which had been effected, declaring that sentiments, in taking measures to restore tranquil-until the Emperor had acknowledged Ferdinand ity in Madrid, as well as for receiving the French VII. it was impossible for him to take any step which troops who were about to enter that city, and for might appear like an acknowledgement; he thereadministering to them every requisite assistance.-fore must be under the necessity of treating with They were to endeavor also to convince the people the royal father. As a further indication of the that these troops came as friends, for purposes course which would be pursued, he affected to take advantageous to the king and to the nation. It is an interest in behalf of Godoy. A sort of military manifest that the people were too wise to believe government was immediately established in the methis. Their eyes were open to the danger: but tropolis; the French general, Grouchy, being owing to the imbecility of their rulers, and the made governor of the city, and patroles instituted to preserve the police, under the joint superinten- of his family and of Spain, that he should acquiesce dence of a French officer and a Spaniard. in it. Actuated by his own resentmen, and per No people in time of popular tumult ever con-haps still more by that of the queen, who trembled ducte themselves with such respect to the magis- for the lite of her paramour, and like an adulterous trates and the law as the people of Madrid had done mother, hated her son, he committed his last conduring this revolution. They do not seem to have summating folly by appealing for protection to that injured the person of any individual, even Godoy very person whose open and undisguised aggression himself escaped unhurt. had not a week before driven him to the resolution In the provinces, the news of the abdication was of abandoning the throne, and seeking refuge in received with the utmost joy: Charles' imbecility America. Thanking the Grand Duke of Berg for was well known; his queen was unpopular for her his commisseration, he said to his agent, De Mouknown profligacy; and nothing could exceed the theon, that his affliction, was the greater because hatred in which the favorite was held. Te Deum his own son was the author of it. was performed in several places, as a thanksgiving had been effected by forgery and corruption; the The revolution for his fall. At Salamanc, le monks and stu- prince and Cabellero, minister of justice, having dents are said to have testified their exulta ion by been the principal actors in it, he was compelled to dancing in the market place. The use which Fer- abdicate, to save the lives of himself and the queen; dinand made of Godoy's treasures increased the knowing that if he had refused, they would have general satisfaction; one of his earliest measures both been murdered. This conduct of the prince was, from this money, to pay up the arrears due to of Asturias was more shocking, the king said, inasthe officers and widows on the pension list. much as, having perceived his desire to reign, and seems to prove that he had not only thought of abdicating, but had even promised to abdicate, and fixed the time. It is, however, not less clear, that the act when actually performed, was compulsory. A declaration concerning the affair of the Escu-being himself near three score years of age, he had rial was made public (March 30) for the purpose of agreed to surrender the crown to him on his marri, proving that neither his forme precepio, D Juan age with a French princess, an event which he, the de Escoiquiz, nor the duke del Infant do, nor any king, ardently desired. This part of the conference other of his servants, who were implicated in the accusation of conspiracy, had been guilty of misconduct. A circumstance however, appears in the account, which affords some grounds for suspecting that such an abdication as had been effected now, The prince he added, had chosen Bajados for the was intended in October. The prince, it there ap- place of their retreat, though that part of the kingpeared, had declared upon his examination, that he dom was injurious to his health. This he had rehad, in his own hand writing, commissioned the presented, and entreated him that he might be perDuke del Infantado to assume the command of the mitted to choose another place; his wish being that troops in New Castile in case of his father's de- he might obtain permission of the emperor to purmise. The alledged reason was his fear lest Godoy chase an estate in France, where he might end his should continue at such a time to make an improp- days; and this had been refused. er use of his influence and power. Amost flimsy she had begged her son at least to postpone their The queen said and ridiculous apology for so gross an usurpation! journey. Her entreaties were in vain: to Bajados Besides, there was no immediate apprehension of they were ordered, and their journey was to begin the demise of the king; and, in case of such an on the following Monday. All this is exceedingly event, Godoy, who held his power only upon fa- suspicious.- There can have been no reason why voritism, would instantly have become the wretch Ferdinand should not permit his father to choose that this revolution made him. It could never have his place of residence, and it is higly improbable been apprehended that he would dream of chang- that Charles should have thoughts of retiring into ing the succession. France. In the deed of abdication, Charles called it his own free and voluntary act; and as such Cevallos into De Moutheon's hands, a letter to the emperor, Having made these complaints, Charles delivered represents it. Nothing is more probable than that and a formal protest, declaring, that the decree the examples of Charles V. and Philip V. should wherein he renounced the crown in favor of his son, have occurred to him, and that the thought of imita- was a deed to which he was compelled, in order to ting them should have passed across his mind when prevent a greater calamity, and spare the blood of difficulties pressed upon him, and he was sick of his beloved subjects. It was therefore to be consithe cares of government; cares which he had never dered as of no authority. The letter was of a more felt till an apprehension for his own personal secu- abject character. rity roused them. It is probable, also, that the "you will not without sympathy, see a king who "Sir, my brother," said he, prince's party might not have formed the plan of has been compelled to resign his throne, throw sending him into retirement, unless they had known himself into the arms of a great monarch his ally, that he himself had entertained, however transient-placing every thing in the protection of him who ly, a wish for retiring. To talk, even among them-alone can fix his happiness, and that of his family, selves, of deposing the king, would have a startling and his faithful and beloved people," &c. Having sound: but it was easy to persuade both themselves consigned this letter to De Moutheon, which it not and Ferdinand, that the object of their design was to carry that wish and wise intention of his father into effect for him, which he wanted resolution to effect for himself. dictated, was evidently suggested by him, the king said that his situation was most deplorable; they had seized the prince of peace, and would put him These circumstances tallied too well with the de- having been at all times attached to his sovereign. to death, though for no other crime than that of signs of Bonaparte to be overlooked by Murat. On There was no efforts which he would not have the very day that he entered Madrid, General Mou- attempted to save the life of his unhappy friend, but theon was sent by him to draw from Charles a pro- the whole world was deaf to his entre..ties, and bent test against his deposition. There was no difficulty on vengeance; & he felt assured that God y's death in obtaining it from this weak monarch; though would be his own, for he should not survive him. however compulsory the act of abdication might These proceedings were concealed from Ferdi have been, it was now as much his interest as that nand. Murat's intentions were to fiighten him fathers were enjoined to keep their children and do- Geography. MEXICO, OR NEW SPAIN. (Continued from page 16.) into the toils; an alarm that should have made him | master manufacturers and tradesmen were ordered start, would have ruined the plot. The interest to give notice to the police if any of their workmen which this Grand Duke affected for Godoy, his or apprentices absented themselves from their work; refusal to acknowledge the new government, and the respect which he paid to Charles, all tended to this end. The rumour of Bonaparte's coming was carefully spread abroad; fresh couriers were said to have arrived: the emperor had left Paris, and was speedily to be expected in Madrid. The soldiers were told that he would lose no time in putting himself at the head of his armies in Spain; they were ordered to put themselves in a state to appear before him; and in this proclamation (April 2) which appeared in a Madrid Gazette extraordinary, the ominous notice was given, that they would immediately It is a received opinion that the environs of the be supplied with cartridge to fire with. It was hint-city of Mexico, were formerly more populous than ed that it would be a delicate compliment if Don at present-but, though our author admits that the Carlos, Ferdinand's next brother, would set off to cruelties of the Spaniards carried many thousands meet him on the way. His Highness, Murat said, of Indians to an untimely grave, yet he considers it could not fail to meet him before he had proceeded the height of absurdity to trust to the fabulous actwo days upon the road.-This was readily agreed counts of the conquerors of the country, who, to to, and the Infante, accompanied by the Duke del trumpet their own exploits, greatly exaggerated Infantado, departed upon this fatal journey. Hav-the facts connected with them, for their own glory. ing secured these victims, Murat endeavored to en-In 1794 an enumeration of the people was attempted tice Ferdinand himself into the snare: what had at by the vice roy Revillagigedo, but not completed in first been hinted at, and advised as a mark of atten- the two intendancies of Guadalaxara and Vera Cruz, tive consideration, was now pressed upon him as a and in the small province of Cohahuila. measure which would be attended with the happiest lowing table was formed on this occasion: consequences to himself and the whole kingdom.( The young king hesitated at this; it was more than Courtesy required; more than an ally was entitled to expect, and perhaps he felt that it was more than a king of Spain ought to perform. Cevallos constantly advised him not to leave his capital until he had received certain intelligence that Bonaparte had actually passed the Pyrenees, and was approaching Mexico Madrid; and even then he urged him to proceed so Puebla short a way, that it should not be necessary for him Tlascala to sleep out of his capital more than a single night. Oaxaca This advice prevailed for a time against repeated Valladolid solicitation of Murat and the ambassador Beauhar-Guanaxuato nois. It became necessary, therefore, to introduce San Luis Potosi a new actor in this detestable plot. The fol POPULATION. Names of the intendancies and Of the ingovernments in which the enu- tendancies Of the meration was completed in 1793. & govern capitals. Zacatecas During the interval which elapsed before this Durango, agent could appear, Murat informed Cevallos, that Sonora Total population of New Spain the Emperor would be gratified if the sword of Nuevo Mexico In a report to the king, count 120,000 13,000 Approximative result of the e numeration in 1793 ments. 1,162,886 112,926 566,443 52,717 59,177 3,357 411,366 19,069 289,314 17,093 242,280 397,924 32,098 8,571 118,027 25,495 122,866 11,027 93,396 30,953 12,666 358,261 28,392 3,865,529 618,000 4,483,529 inhab. Various causes combined to render this enume ration incomplete-The Indians estimated at four millions, apprehending some new exaction, would In spite of the patroles and rounds, and military not make complete returns--and our author supgovernment, the suspicions of the people began to poses the real amount of population in 1793 was manifest themselves more and more, and their poor considerably greater. From the data laid down by Prince was compelled, while he concealed his own him it is probable the present number of inhabitants fears, to exert his authority for suppressing theirs. in Mexico is 7 millions, the Indians forming about By a new edict, (April 3) it was enacted that no three fifths of the whole. Our author gives us a list quors should be sold after eight in the evening; of eleven places, situate in very different parts of the country, from which he obtained regular returns of neat taste in gardening, and uncommon attachment the births and deaths, the mean term of which ap- to the cultivation of flowers and odoriferous plants. peared to be 183 to 100-but he is inclined to be- They are, perhaps, at this time, the best gardeners lieve the general average of the whole territory in the world, and the great market-place of Mexico should be estimated at 170 births to 100 deaths. He is beautifully ornamented by flowers, each of the says that in the United States, generally, it is as market people being "seated in an entrenchment of 201 to 100.* verdure." The effect is delightful. The small pox has committed dreadful ravages in The Indians seem to have been exceedingly deMexico-in the chief city alone 9000 persons perish-pressed by their own monarchical government. They ed with it in 1779. But great exertions have been had a numerous and rapacious nobility, whose demade to introduce a general innoculation with the scendants at this day, trusted with a little "brief auvaccine matter, and hopes are entertained of eradi- thority" by the Spaniards, are more cruel and tyrancating the disease. The benefits of this remedy were nical than the Spaniards themselves. The emperor, long known to the country people among the Peru- nobility and clergy possessed all their fertile lands; vian Andes, though they never thought of innocula- and in some districts this monopoly still exists.tion. There is a dreadful disease in Mexico peculiar The conquest of the Spaniards, though productive to the Indians, called the matlazahuatl. It never at- of many dreadful calamities, was not, (all things tacks white people-it bears some analogy to the considered) so grievous as has been generally supyellow fever, and is termed a plague by the Spaniards. posed. The present state of the Indians appears preIt fortunately appears but seldom, sometimes not ferable to their situation under Montezuma, the Mimore than once in a century; but in 1545, 800,000 In-ra being abolished, and no person compelled to ladians are said to have died of it, and in 1576, more bor in the mines, as formerly, except of his own than 2,000,000. It has not prevailed for many years. free will; for which he receives wages. Some of The black vomit, is almost exclusively confined to the Indian families are very wealthy, possessing prothe whites on the coasts, and seldom attacks the perties worth from 148 to 185,000 $-(800,000 to Indians. 1,000,000 of livres) and enjoy great consideration They reckon seven races in the Mexican popula-among the tributary Indians, who are generally tion, as in all the Spanish colonies. 1. Individuals poor, wretched and miserable. They have someborn in Europe; 2. Spanish Creoles, or whites of times been led to insurrection, but depressed by European extraction, born in America; 3. The Mes- servitude, appear to want courage to persevere in tizos, descendants of whites and Indians; 4. The their plans. vinces, according to the different views of the Spanish monarchs and their deputies; and the present divisions, though established in 1776, were generally unknown till the travels of Humboldt appeared. Mulattoes, descendants of whites and negroes; 5. The number of individuals of whom the white The Zambos, descendants of negroes and Indians; race is composed is estimated to be 1,200,000-of 6. The Indians, the indigenous race; 7. The Afri-whom about 80,000 are said to be natives of Europe. can negroes. Besides these there are many indivi-There are very few negro slaves in Mexico. The duals of Asiatic origin, both Chinese and Malays. individuals of mixed blood are said to amount to Two millions and a half of the population are Indians 2,400,000. Males are more numerous than females. unmixed with any other race. Guanaxuato, Vallado- There is one arch-bishop and seven bishops in lid, Peubla and Oaxaca have, in all, 1,737,000 inha-Mexico. The revenue of the first is estimated at bitants of whom 1,073,000 are Indians, who have a 120,000 per annum; the bishops receive from great variety of languages, and appear to be "com- 100,000 as low as 6,000-these eight persons enjoy posed of very heterogeneous elements." The num-about 524,000 $ per annum. The inferior clergy ber of the languages exceeds twenty, fourteen of are numerous. The lands and other sources of profit which have grammars and dictionaries tolerably to the clerical order in New Spain, is valued as a complete; they are represented "to be as different capital of from 60 to 70 millions of dollars. from each other as the Greek and the German, or Mexico has been several times divided into prothe French and the Polish." The Mexican or Atzec language is most generally diffused; it having belonged to the conquerors of the country, and been imposed upon the people for a long series of years. "The Indians bear a general resemblance to those who inhabit Canada, Florida, Peru and Brasil."-must be added three other districts denominated All of them, in the neighborhood of the capital, wear small mustaches. They live to an advanced Under the temperate Zone-the province of, Newage, and are capable of excessive fatigue, as is fully Mexico-and intendancy of New Biscay, with the proved by the requisitions of the Spaniards. Few of provinces of old and new California, and the intenthem are deformed in their limbs.-Martin Salme-dancies of Sonora, 2nd San Louis Potosi. This secron, the Mexican giant, was 7 feet 3 1-2 inches high. tion of the country, contains 82,000 square leagues, Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Mexicans 677,000 inhabitants, or only eight persons to a had made considerable progress in the arts and sciences, as a notice of the antiquities of the country will shew. Some of their temples and palaces were magnificent structures, of wood and stone, and they had a correct knowledge of the duration of the year, which they divided into months. The converts to the Christian religion practise in their devotions many remains of their ancient worship. The natives have long been celebrated for their * In France there are 110 births to 100 deaths-In England, 120 to 100-In Sweden, 130 to 100-In Finland, 150 to 100-In Russia, generally 166 to 100 -In west Prussia, 180 to 100-In the U. States, (State of New-Jersey) 300 to 100.—Humboldt. There are at this time 12 intendancies, to which provinces, making in all 15 divisions-as follows: square league. Under the torrid Zone are the intendancies of Zacatecas, Guadalaxara, Guanavato, Valladolid, Mexico, La Puebla, Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, and Merida, containing 36,500 square leagues, with a population of 5,160,000 souls, or 141 inhabitants to the square league. From which it appears that nearly seven-eighths of the inhabitants live under the torrid Zone-but four-fifths of those who inhabit the equinoctial parts of Mexico, live on the ridge of the Cordillera, or table lands, whose height above the sea is from 5000 to 7000 feet. The inequality of these divisions, as well in respect to extent of country as population, &c. will appear from the following notices of each. THE WEEKLY REGISTER-MEXICO. There are five lakes in the valley of Mexico; the The intendancy of Mexico, extends from the 16o 34' to the 21° 57' of North latitude, bounded on the largest is called Tezcuco, near which the city stands. north by San Louis Potosi, on the west by Guanax- Surrounded as this valley is by mountains, the most uato and Valladolid, and on the east by Vera Cruz dreadful inundations are sometimes experienced; and La Puebla. On the south it has a sea coast of and it is astonishing to read of the great works 92 leagues. Its greatest length is 136 leagues, its effected by the Mexicans to carry off the surplus wa greatest breath is 92 leagues-its content, 5,927 ters; in which, though they deserved success from square leagues; its population in 1803, 1,511,800 the magnitude of the attempt, they have failed from souls, thus having 255 persons to the square league. the more powerful operations of nature, in propelling on the sides of their prodigious dykes to fall in and The greater part of this intendancy is mountainous, the waters to their destruction, or causing the earth in which are the immense plains mentioned above. The city of Mexico stands in a valley, supposed fill them up. But the valley now is partially proto have been the bed of a great salt lake, surrounded tected from inundation by the joint labors of the Mexico is at this time one of the most beautiful on all sides by stupendous mountains as with a wall. Spaniards and Indians. The valley, elevated 7,479 feet above the level of the sea, is about 67 leagues in circumference, contain- cities in the world, chiefly built of stone, with streets The ing several small lakes, near one of which stands the crossing each other in right angles, having numefamous capital city of the country. From being so rous canals through which are seen passing thoulong accustomed to hear Mexico spoken of as a city sands of boats laden with fruits, plants and flowers, built in the middle of a lake, we were rather surprised and the various species of merchandize. at Humboldt's declaration, that, instead of being palaces of the viceroys and archbishop, the cathesurrounded by water, it is a considerable distance dral, the churches and other public buildings and -It is admitted that Mexico was the houses of the wealthy, will bear a comparison from it.surrounded by water, but the waters of the lake with those of any other city. The edifice destined Tezcuco have greatly diminished, and are annually for the school of Mines cost nearly $600,000, and, decreasing. Cortez, in his account of this city, as our author says, would adorn the principal places "the residence of the great lord Montezuma," de-of Paris or London. "The cathedral, an immense scribed it as "situate in the midst of a large salt lake, edifice was 60 years in building. The grand altar having tides like the sea"-"from the city to the alone cost $50,000-the chalice for common use, Four is adorned with precious stones valued at $30,000 ""continent" says he, "there are two leagues cost $11,000-the image of the virgin of pure silver, whichever way we may wish to enter. "dykes lead to the city; they are made by the hand the revenue of the cathedral is $200,000 per annum. "of man- the city is as large as Seville or Cordo- Many of the churches are grand and highly ornaThe academy of the fine arts, where are casts "ra."-Of the streets-"some are half dry and half mented with a profusion of the most costly materi"occupied by navigable canals, furnished with well áls. "constructed wooden bridges."-The market of the most celebrated sculptures in Europe, is a "place "twice as large as that of Seville, is sur- noble institution well provided for. The hospitals "rounded with an immense portico, under which are good edifices and richly endowed-the great "are exposed for sale all sorts of merchandize, eata-market place is well worthy of notice, and so is the "bles, ornaments of gold, silver, (&c.) delft ware, treasury a building from which have been paid, "leather and spun cotton--There are lanes for says our author, from the beginning of the 16th cen "game, others for roots and garden fruits-there tury, a sum more than equal to 1,354,275,000 dollars. "are houses where barbers shave the head-and The street called Plateria, which is chiefly inhabi"houses where drink is sold--to avoid confusion, ted by artificers in the precious metals and stones, "every species of merchandize is sold in a separate exhibits a most magnificent spectacle-every win"Lane" to see justice was done in the market, and to detect false measures, &c. several persons whose duties were similar to those of the present clerks of the markets in the cities of the United States, were appointed and constantly employed in passing through the crowd. From this view of the city of Mexico a tolerable idea may be formed of the existing state of the people, and their knowledge in -The history of the original settlement of this place, as derived from the best authority, is highly interesting, but being foreign to our present The Atzees, as the ancient object is omitted here. According to the most recent and least uncertain founders of the empire were called, were said to be directed to the spot by the oracle of Aztlan-they first erected a temple of wood, and built the city data, the Baron Humboldt was induced thus to round it; but they afterwards erected a spacious and state the population of Mexico, in 1803-White superb building of stone, of a pyramidal form, 121 Europeans, 2,500-white creoles, 65,000-indigefeet high, having a base 318 feet long. Many mon-nous, 33,000-Mestizoes, 26,500-Mulattoes, 10,000 uments of their labours are still existing-they were-total 137,000. In the 23 male convents, there well acquainted with mechanics, as the immense were nearly 1,200 individuals-in the 15 female rocks, brought from the continent, and used in convents about 2,100-the secular ecclesiastics are their works certainly prove. A carved rock has between 5 and 600. been discovered 22 feet long, 19 broad and 9 feet deep, which the Spaniards in vain endeavored to The stone of the sacrifices contained the arts. remove. dow displaying a vast variety of gold and silver or- Mexico is supplied with excellent water by means of aqueducts from the springs in the mountains.feet, say six miles long. It has an abundance of There are two aqueducts; one of them is 33.464 provisions: the following curious estimate of their consumption was drawn up by order of the Count EATABLES-Beeves "The reader will recollect that Mexico was on an de Revillagegedo in 1791. island, about 300 cubic feet. |