After the discontinuance of the college the buildings were modified to accommodate the students of philosophy and theology. The house on the right-hand side of St. Mary's Court, Pennsylvania avenue, which heretofore had been used by the seminarians, was restricted to philosophy, whereas the buildings on the left, which had served for the college, were now occupied by the candidates of theology. The seminarians were no longer diverted from their studies and other sacred duties by the office of prefect or teacher, but vied with one another in holy emulation. Their number increased rapidly and soon swelled the ranks of the clergy. Whilst the number of priests from 1791 to 1849 had been only 114, from 1850 to 1861 there were 112, belonging to 26 dioceses. Among these we might recall with pleasure the names of many who afterwards became distinguished, but we must content ourselves with mentioning John Foley, the present bishop of Detroit; Patrick O'Reilly, now bishop of Springfield, Mass.; John T. Sullivan (Monsignor Sullivan, of Wheeling), and James Gibbons, his eminence, of Baltimore. Such a harvest rejoiced the stern but good-hearted superior, Francis L'homme, who gently went to his rest in the Lord in the year 1860.

His successor was the Rev. Joseph Paul Dubreul, who, for the ten years previous, had discharged with success the duties of teacher or treasurer in the seminary. A man of good business abilities, he kept up and increased the credit of St. Mary's in the crisis of the civil war and other financial troubles. Under his administration of eighteen years the institution continued to gain in prestige, and rose in numbers from 35 to 92 students. Among the professors of that period who are gone to their reward none reflected so much credit on the seminary as the Rev. Alphonsus Flammant, who taught from 1856 to 1864. Whilst his superior abilities, the depth and clearness of his teaching excited their admiration, the sweetness of his disposition won the hearts of the students. Many were those who distinguished themselves under the eyes of their teachers, and gave early promise of the services they are now rendering. Out of the large number we mention only some of the most conspicuous: J. J. Keane, the right reverend rector of the Washington University; J. J. Kain, bishop of Wheeling; J. Sullivan, bishop of Mobile, Ala.; Alfred A. Curtis, bishop of Wilmington, Del.; P. L. Chapelle, D. D.; Thomas Griffin, the right reverend pastor of St. John's church, Worcester, Mass.; Denis J. O'Connell, the right reverend rector of the American College in Rome.

The crowning work in the career of Father Dubreul was the rearing of the present seminary buildings on Paca street, which, with their modern improvements, became comfortable substitutes for a portion of the old edifices. The change marked an era in the history of St. Sulpice in Baltimore, though Father Dubreul was not destined to witness it. He died of pneumonia in the spring of 1878, and was succeeded in his office by the present incumbent, the Very Rev. A. Magnien, D. D.

Under the new superior there was from the first an influx of candidates, which necessitated, in 1886, a division of the divinity course. Already, in 1880, the two departments of philosophy and theology had been separated, and made to receive each a special direction.

A most notable event in the history of the seminary occurred in the autumn of 1885, when the fathers of the third plenary council of Baltimore held their sessions within its walls.

St. Mary's Seminary took also an important part in the gorgeous festivals of November 10, 1889, which commemorated the centenary of Baltimore Metropolitan See, and the inauguration of the Catholic University of America in Washington. Two years after, in 1891, her own centenary was celebrated with due joys and solemnities. On the invitation of their alma mater nearly 1,000 alumni of the college or seminary, lay or clerical, simple priests or church dignitaries, young and old, gathered together October 28 and 29. Religious services at the cathedral initiated the festivities. One hundred and eighty seminarians, hundreds of priests, monsignori, bishops, and archbishops, presided over by Cardinal Gibbons, and surrounded by the élite of Baltimore, attended the pontifical mass and sermon. The buildings of St. Mary's, brilliantly decorated for the occasion, opened wide their portals for the reunion of her children. Receptions, addresses, class meetings, the recalling of a thousand anecdotes, adventures, and escapades of the olden time, the sitting together again at the table of the dear alma mater, besides the touching prayers for the departed directors and students, and the crowning chant of the Te Deum gave a unique character to the feast. An alumni association was established to transmit to the future generations of students the sweet memories of the centenary. Two days after this celebration, the exultation of St. Mary's was still enhanced by the consecration of one of her most worthy alumni, Dr. L. Chapelle, as coadjutor bishop of Santa Fe, raised since to the archiepiscopal dignity.

Another great occasion of legitimate satisfaction to the seminary was the recent celebration of the silver episcopal jubilee of her most illustrious son, Cardinal Gibbons, whose world-wide reputation reflects no little credit on his alma mater. It was in the halls of the seminary that the address of the clergy was presented to his eminence, and it was in the dining room of the seminary that the cardinal entertained his many and distinguished guests.

Meanwhile the prosperity of St. Mary's, far from diminishing, seems in the year 1893-'94 to have taken a new start. About 250 students of philosophy and theology tax to the utmost the accommodations of the new buildings. The present faculty comprises the following directors and professors: Very Rev. A. L. Magnien, S. S., D. D., superior; Rev. P. F. Dissez, s. S., D. D.; Rev. A. A. Tanquerey, S. S., D. D., J. C. D.; Rev. M. L. Rothureau, S. S., D. D.; Rev. A. Boyer, s. s.; Rev. E. R. Dyer,

S. S., D. D., J. C. L.; Rev. A. M. Chéneau, s. S., S. T. B.; Rev. L. Besnard, S. S.. S. T. B.; Rev. H. Pluchon, s. s.; II. Ayrinhac, S. S., D. D., J. C. D.1

WOODSTOCK COLLEGE (1867-1894).

[Furnished by Rev. E. V. Boursand, rector.]

Woodstock College stands on a hill overlooking the Patapsco River, opposite the Woodstock station of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, about 14 miles from Baltimore, as the crow flies, but 25 by rail. The difference in distance is owing to the fact that the railway follows the many meanderings of the Patapsco.

Woodstock College is properly a seminary of the Society of Jesus, where the scholastics of the order are prepared for the priesthood. The course of studies embraces philosophy, mathematics, and the natural sciences, Oriental languages, sacred Scripture, canon law, church history, sacred eloquence, dogmatic and moral theology. After four years of preliminary training the Jesuit scholastic devotes three years to philosophy, higher mathematics, and the natural sciences, after which he is sent to one or the other of the colleges of the order to teach clas sics, mathematics, physics, or chemistry, according to his bent or to the positions to be filled. After about five years spent in this work he returns to Woodstock, where he spends four years in the divinity course, as a more immediate preparation for ordination.

Woodstock College was formally opened on September 23, 1869. Among the professors who have taught here are Cardinal Mazzella; Father Piccirielo, at one time editor of the Civiltà Cattolica; Father Brandi, now one of the writers of the Civiltá; Father de Augustinis, now rector and professor in the Gregorian University in Rome; Father Maas, author of several learned works; Father Sabetti, author of an excellent work on moral theology. The last two are still members of the faculty. The number of students, with slight variations, has been for the last ten or fifteen years about 120 or 130. The faculty numbers

about 15 or 18.2

'The authorities used in the preparation of this sketch are: (1) MSS. in the archives of St. Mary's, especially a small 16mo. memorandum or notebook from the hand of the Rev. John Tessier, in which some events are mentioned year by year from 1791 to 1830; (2) Shea's History of the Catholic Church in America and White's Life of Mrs. Seton; (3) Reminiscences of Father Griffin, now 80 years old; (4) Father Viger's own observation and experience during a twenty-eight years' stay at the college. For the opposition to the founding of St. Mary's see a pamphlet called “Stricture on the establishment of colleges, particularly that of St. Mary's in the precincts of Baltimore, as formerly published in the Evening Post and Telegraph. By different writers Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri, Hor. Baltimore, printed December, 1806," pp. 16, 58. This last is in the library of the Johns Hopkins University. 2Scharf's Baltimore City and County, p. 833, affords the following additional information:

This scholasticate of the Jesuits was formerly connected with Georgetown College. The building is situated on a high hill overlooking the Patapsco River, 400 feet above the sea and about one-fourth of a mile from Woodstock station, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The building occupies a fine plateau, is surrounded

THE HOUSE OF STUDIES OF THE CONGREGATION OF THE MOST HOLY REDEEMER (1867-1894).

This institution, more commonly called the Redemptorist College, or Mount St. Clement, was founded in 1867. Its exclusive purpose is the education of members of the Redemptorist congregation for the priesthood of the Roman Catholic church. Before entering this institution everyone must have gone through the course in one of the two Redemptorist colleges at North East, near Erie, Pa., and near Saratoga, N. Y.1 The course at this theological school is one of six years, and embraces the natural sciences, mental and moral philosophy, church history, the sacred Scriptures in the two departments of hermeneutics and exegesis, dogmatic theology, moral and pastoral theology, and canon law.

These subjects are taught by 7 professors, and a library containing about 12,000 volumes is connected with the building. This institution is situated at Ilchester, in Howard County, and is presided over by the Rev. Elias Frederick Schauer as rector." In 1891 there were 77 students and 9 graduates.

WESTMINSTER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF THE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH (1882-1894).

BY REV. J. T. WARD, D. D., President.

This institution, located in Westminster, Carroll County, Md., was founded to provide for the thorough training of young men for the work of the Christian ministry. It was organized under the title of "The School of Theology of the Methodist Protestant Church." The first steps were taken in the Maryland Annual Conference of April, 1881, when, upon a resolution offered by Rev. L. W. Bates, D. D., a committee was appointed, consisting of Rev. J. T. Murray, D. D., Rev. P. L. Wilson, and Dr. Charles Billingslea, to mature and report plans to the next conference. Accordingly, in April, 1882, the committee recommended a plan of organization, government, and support. The report was adopted, and Rev. Thomas H. Lewis, A. M., D. D., was elected principal, to "enter at once upon his duties in such preparatory work by ornamental grounds, is built of granite from neighboring quarries, and is shaped like a letter H. It is three stories high, 310 feet long, with wings each 167 feet long, and contains 200 rooms. The chapel is very beautiful, finished in the Roman style, with frescoes and pilasters. Over the altar is a copy by Brumidi of Murillo's "Holy Family." The altar rail is from a church in San Domingo, and is over three hundred years old. In the basement are workshops and a printing office, where the professors' lectures are printed. The library consists of over 70,000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets, and is an extremely valuable collection of works in theological and general literature.

The Redemptorists also conduct a school preparatory to this one at Annapolis, where they occupy Carrollton, the mansion which gave Charles Carroll the name by which he is known. There are usually in attendance there 25 students and 5 instructors. Handbook of Annapolis, p. 26.

* The information for this account is derived from a letter of Rev. Albert J. Stern.

as shall enable him to organize and commence the course of instruction in the School of Theology at the beginning of the collegiate year in September, 1882."

In pursuance of these instructions the principal proceeded to organize a faculty, and secured the cooperation of Rev. J. T. Ward, D. D., for the department of systematic theology, and Rev. J. T. Murray, D. D., for the department of pastoral theology, who, together with the principal, constituted the faculty, and, for the time being, the board of management. The principal took the department of Hebrew language and literature. Provision was also made for the department of New Testament exegesis and ecclesiastical Greek. It was also contemplated to secure competent men of the Methodist Protestant Church for courses of lectures on special topics of theology.

By the arrangements made, three classes of students were provided for, viz, graduates of colleges, those pursuing a course in college, and special students having less time to devote to preparation for the ministry.

The next step in organization was to secure a suitable building. By the liberal cooperation of the board of trustees of Western Maryland College the management were enabled to proceed at once with the erection of a building for the special uses of the School of Theology, and on September 6, 1882, the school opened, enrolling during the month 12 students, all of whom except 2 had previously been students of Western Maryland College.

September 4, 1883, the school opened under the title which it has since borne, and under which it was duly incorporated by the general assembly of Maryland by act approved April 8, 1884, providing for the ownership and control of the institution by the Methodist Protestant Church, through a board of governors and a board of visitors, the former consisting of 5 ministers and 4 laymen, appointed as follows: Three ministers and 2 laymen by the Maryland Annual Conference every fourth session succeeding that of 1884, and 2 ministers and 2 laymen by the General Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church, to hold office for four years. This board of governors holds the property, elects the faculty, and exercises general supervision over the interests of the seminary. The board of visitors is composed of 1 minister and 1 layman, appointed by each patronizing annual conference of the Methodist Protestant Church, and has authority to visit and inspect the institution with a view to recommending to the board of governors any changes or improvements that may seem to it desirable.

The faculty for 1883-84 was Rev. T. H. Lewis, A. M., D. D., president and professor of Hebrew; Rev. J. T. Ward, D. D., professor of systematic theology; Rev. John D. Kinzer, professor of pastoral theology; Rev. A. T. Cralle, professor of historical theology. The number of students during the year was 15.