dialogues and then Prof. Lovejoy "abandoned the enterprise, accepting an appointment as professor in the Central High School, now Baltimore City College," and Newton University ceased to exist. The preparatory department was presided over in 1857 by Henry M. Dowd, and later by A. C. Trippe, formerly a student in the university. Mr. Trippe writes that "while the list of graduates of the university was not numerous, a large number of young men, who have been successful in life, received their education in its halls, and, in this respect, it did a great deal of good, and its influence at the end of forty years is still felt in our community."

A list of degrees given by Newton University as far as is known is subjoined:

Bachelor of Arts.-1855: Lewis Machen Eastman (A. M. 1858); Thomas Jefferson League (A. M. 1858). 1858: James Samuel Nussear.

Bachelor of Science.-1857: Edward Ewalt Burrough, Isaac Tyson Norris, Charles William Spencer, William Yardley (highest honors). 1858: Horace Burrough, David Friedenrich, John Olney Norris, Charles Sidney Norris, Horace W. Robbins, jr., (highest honors), Edwin Henry Trust.

Honorary degrees.-Doctors of Law.-Joseph Bartlett Burleigh, Harlow W. Heath. Master of Arts.-1858: David A. Hollingshead.

CALVERT COLLEGE (1852-1873).

When the first New Windsor College failed, Mr. Andrew H. Baker and some other Roman Catholics bought the property and were incorporated as Calvert College on May 31, 1852. The preamble to the charter stated that Andrew H. Baker, Theodore Blume, James P. Nelson, James F. Maguire, and Louis Dielman "have been for several years associated for education of youth, the pursuit of science, and the general diffusion of knowledge," and, therefore, they are incorporated, with the name of Thomas D. Dougherty substituted for that of Maguire, as the trustees of the college.

They might hold land not exceeding 50 acres, and the "net annual value of the real and personal estate, exclusive of buildings and apartments appropriated for students and professors," must not exceed $10,000. Degrees may be granted, but those given to pupils must be preceded by a public examination. The property of the institution was liable for its debts, but not the private property of the trustees.

2

The college was "for many years one of the finest classical schools in the State, and was noted for the thoroughness of its academic departments." It suffered greatly during the war and afterwards from financial difficulties, and was finally closed in 1873. The buildings were sold, and the second New Windsor College was opened in its place.

Many prominent men were educated there, among them the Hon. Charles B. Roberts, of Westminster; Dr. Roberts Bartholow, of Jeffer son Medical College, Philadelphia; and Dr. Hanson M. Drach.

Laws of Maryland, 1852, ch. 345.
2 Scharf's Western Maryland, 11, 911.

IRVING COLLEGE (1858-1880).

This institution was situated in Manchester, Carroll County, and was incorporated on February 1, 1858. Its charter is an exact copy of that of Calvert College, save in the names of the corporators.' Like Calvert College, its property in land was limited to 50 acres and its income to $10,000.

It was opened by Ferdinand Diffenbach, who was a refugee from Europe on account of the revolution of 1848, and was a fine scholar and educator. With him were associated, as corporators, John H. Falconer, John W. Horn, and Henry B. Roemer.

"This institution opened with 2 pupils, and soon became flourishing and noted." Mr. Diffenbach died in March, 1861, and the college was carried on for some time by his widow. Later, Mr. Louis C. Myerly was in charge for several years, and in 1880 was succeeded by Prof. D. Denlinger. The last named, recognizing that it was a college only in name, changed its title to Irving Institute, and made it a boarding school for students of both sexes. No evidence has been found of its having conferred degrees. The Hon. William M. Marine, collector of the port of Baltimore, and Hon. Binger Hermann, Congressman from Oregon, were students here.

BORROMEO COLLEGE (1860-1872).

This institution was situated at Pikesville, Md.; it was organized in 1860, and was under Roman Catholic control. In the report of the Commissioner of Education for 1870 and 1871, Rev. E. Q. S. Waldron is mentioned as its president, and no further information is given. It probably died about 1872. Rev. F. P. Mackall, the Roman Catholic priest at Pikesville, writes that "no books or papers" can be found there giving any account of it whatever.

MARYLAND ANNUAL CONFERENCE COLLEGE (1864).

On March 8, 1864, was this college incorporated, to be situated in Baltimore City or County, and to be under the supervision of the Maryland Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church. The charter was largely copied from that granted to Maryland College in 1828. The trustees might receive donations of not more than $40,000 with which to begin the college and the income was not to exceed $10,000. Degrees, both on examination and honorary, were to be granted, and for a grant of the latter seven of the trustees must agree. As a nucleus for the college the Rev. Daniel E. Reese's school was to be used. He was made first president, and his successors were to be members of the board of trustees and to be elected by them.

Laws of Maryland, 1858, ch. 9.

2 Scharf's Western Maryland, II, 886.
3 Laws of Maryland, 1864, ch. 315.

It is doubtful whether the college was ever organized. Rev. J. J. Murray, one of the incorporators, writes:

I have little information respecting it. I remember one meeting of some of the persons named in the act of incorporation for the purpose of consultation.

BALTIMORE FEMALE COLLEGE (1849-1890).

On February 26, 1850, this institution, the first in the State for the higher education of women, was incorporated.' It was originally under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, though it became nondenominational in 1868. The charter provided for the issuing of stock for $100,000 and that there should be eighteen trustees, nine of them to be chosen for the year by the stockholders and the other nine annually by the Baltimore Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. All should be Methodists and might fill vacancies in their number temporarily until the time for the annual election. The original trustees were John A. Collins, Charles B. Tippett, Edwin Dorsey, N. J. B. Morgan, Thomas B. Sargent, William Hamilton, L. F. Morgan, Samuel Brison, William B. Edwards, George C. M. Roberts, M. D., Philip Hiss, Joshua Royston, John W. Randolph, Chapin A. Harris, M. D., Robert G. Armstrong, James F. Purvis, William George Baker, and Thomas E. Bond, jr., M. D. They were allowed to grant "any degree or degrees, in the arts and sciences, to which persons are usually admitted in the highest female colleges in America." Prof. N. C. Brooks, the author of a "History of the Mexican War," "Viri Americæ," and other well-known works, became president of the college, resigning the position of principal of the City High School, which he had previously held. He continued president as long as the college lived, and now resides in Philadelphia.

The college was opened in 1848, on the lower part of St. Paul street, and continued there for many years. The later part of its existence, after 1874, was spent in a large dwelling house on Park avenue at the corner of McMechin street. In 1851 the first class was graduated, containing six members, and a class was graduated every year from that date until the college was closed. As early as 1881 the college was able to boast that it had sent forth one hundred and eighty-two teachers and its usefulness continued to the end.

The college course was arranged in imitation of that of the University of Virginia and the curriculum was full and complete.

In January, 1860, the State of Maryland began appropriating money for the support of the college, and that policy was kept up until January, 1890. In the last-named year the Legislature refused to continue to appropriate money for free scholarships in the college, which was consequently compelled to close its doors in June, 1890.

Laws of Maryland, Act of 1849, ch. 247.

2 Only Boston and Philadelphia had high schools earlier than Baltimore.

MOUNT WASHINGTON FEMALE COLLEGE (1856-1861).

This institution, located at Mount Washington, Baltimore County, was chartered on March 10, 1856.' The original board of visitors consisted of Rev. Elias Heiner, William B. Stewart, George Lewis Staley, George Gelbach, jr., Goldsborough S. Griffith, Sheridan Guiteau, Lewis H. Steiner, Andrew P. Freese, Richard F. Maynard, Harlow W. Heath, William S. Reese, Daniel Gans, Henry W. Super, James S. Suter, Peter S. Davis, Joshua Vansant, Benjamin Kurtz, Augustus Mathiot, Thomas Bingham, and Charles W. Ridgely. It was entitled to hold property of not over $50,000 in value and "to grant the highest honors of the college on those young ladies who shall have completed an entire course of study." It is doubtful if any degrees were conferred, but a successful school was kept up for some years, until the 19th of April, 1861, when it was closed on account of circumstances arising from the civil war and from financial embarrassments." It was presided over by the Rev. George L. Staley, D. D., who in 1864 began St. John's Female Seminary in Knoxville, Frederick County, which was continued until 1879.

MOUNT WASHINGTON FEMALE COLLEGE OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (1866).

3

On January 27, 1866, Levi Perry, George Appold, John M. Frazier, J. W. Hedges, Joseph France, Henry W. Drakely, J. J. Moran, W. T. R. Saffold, and William F. Speake were incorporated as the "Joint Stock Company of Mount Washington Female College of the Methodist Episcopal Church with a View to Literary and Educational Purposes." The capital stock was to be $50,000 in 2,500 shares of $20 each and two-thirds of the directors and the president were always to be members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They were authorized to hold property and give diplomas, but must not assume "banking privileges nor issue any note, certificate, device, or token to be used as currency." 4

The college was never fully organized, as it was found impossible to secure the necessary funds to pay for the property purchased, which was that of the former Mount Washington Female College. The property was finally, in 1867, sold to the Roman Catholic Church, which now has a successful school at the place.

1 Laws of Maryland, 1856, ch. 241. The building was dedicated May 5, 1856.

2 Scharf's Western Maryland, 1, p. 622. Rev. Mr. Staley purchased the college from the trustees in 1860 for $15,400 and sold it in 1863 for $20,000 to Rev. A. S. Vaughn, who conducted it for two years more.-[Scharf's Baltimore City and County, p. 840. 3 Laws of Maryland, 1866, ch. 9.

4The price was $19,000, and Revs. J. A. McCauley, J. J. Moran, and J. W. Hedges the purchasers for the company.-[Scharf's Baltimore City and County, p. 840; letter of Rev. W. F. Speake.

AIA COLLEGE (1867).

This college was chartered on March 22, 1867. Vacancies on its board of trustees were to be filled by cooptation; but the person chosen must have the "approval of the Presbytery or Synod of Baltimore in connection with the Old School General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States," and any difficulty in the management was first to be referred to the presbytery and then to the synod, whose judgment was final. If for any cause the charter should be repealed, the property is to be turned over to contributors to the college, or to the Presbytery of Baltimore, "for investment with the same desire of enabling those in limited circumstances to secure the benefit of a full and complete education."

The trustees have power to grant degrees and 7 of them are to be a quorum, except for electing officers, deciding on investments, and filling vacancies, for which a majority is required. The annual income, "exclusive of land, buildings, furniture, library, chemicals, and philosophical apparatus," is not to be over $30,000.

Gen. Isaac D. Jones, one of the corporators, states that the college was never organized. The father of the movement was the Rev. Andrew B. Cross, and it was to be located at Parkton, Md., where Mr. Cross had a place called Aia, whence the college received its name. Gen. Jones has the impression that it was intended to be a female college, and says that the location not being sufficiently desirable for the purpose, sufficient funds could not be raised, and so the project was given up.

Laws of Maryland, 1867, ch. 348.