by Prof. Hiram Corson; June 30, 1880, farewell address by Dr. Garnett; June 15, 1881, an address by Dr. Leavitt on "Engine, anvil, lathe, and foundry."

Since 1830 St. John's has conferred the honorary degree of D. D. upon 20 distinguished divines and the honorary degree of LL. D. upon 25 scholars, in addition to those conferred on its own graduates.

The college library many years since was enriched by additions to its shelves by bequest of Lewis Neth, of Annapolis, an alumnus of 1806, and a few years since by the gift of valuable works by Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, of Philadelphia. Additions are carefully made, as means will permit, and its shelves now contain about 6,000 volumes. Prof. John D. Epes is the librarian.

Mention must not be neglected of the important adjuncts pertaining to athletics. The gymnasium and the boat club now supplement the baseball nine and the football team, and in all branches of athletics St. John's makes a good showing.

Prohibited by its charter from inculcating any form of religious worship, St. John's has ever sought by its every teaching and association to inculcate in its students the principles of virtue and patriotism.

In June, 1889, the centennial of St. John's College was observed with appropriate ceremonies. On June 23 the baccalaureate sermon was preached by the Rt. Rev. William Paret, D. D., LL. D., in old St. Anne's Church. That evening the Rev. Vaughan S. Collins, A. M., preached a sermon in Salem Methodist Episcopal Church before the Young Men's Christian Association of the college. On June 26, the alumni day, Mr. Voorhees' address, on which this sketch is based, was delivered in the morning, as was also an oration by Rev. Leighton Parks. Poems were composed for the occasion by Mr. Nicholas Brewer and Rev. Dr. Leavitt. In the afternoon there was an alumni meeting and in the evening a banquet.

Toward the close of 1891 the board of visitors authorized President Fell to initiate a movement for the formation of an endowment fund. In furtherance of this project an open letter was sent to each alumnus inviting them to subscribe a sum of $10,000, which has been responded to by them in a gratifying manner. Contributions have also been received from others interested in the welfare of this venerable institution, so that a fair beginning has been made toward placing it upon a sounder financial basis than it has hitherto enjoyed.

In the catalogue for 1894 we find the faculty of St. John's given as 14 in number, the number of students in the college as 98, and in the preparatory department as 73. There are 42 free scholarships. The value of grounds and buildings was $200,000, and of apparatus and library $10,000. The degrees of bachelor of arts and bachelor of science are conferred on the graduates in the respective courses. Military drill is a distinctive feature of the course. The students are organized into

a battalion, under command of a U. S. Army officer. They maintain a flourishing Young Men's Christian Association and engage in the usual college athletic exercises with good success.

A PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.

1. Several acts of the general assembly of Maryland respecting St. John's College. Annapolis. Printed by Frederick Green, printer to the State. 16 mo., (before 1805), pp. 35.

2. Address to the alumni and graduates of St. John's College and to the friends of education in Maryland, by Hector Humphreys, D. D., president and professor of moral science. Delivered after the annual commencement in February, 1835. Annapolis. 8vo., unb., pp. 41. Urges claims of college on State. 3. An address to the alumni and Delivered Febuary 22, 1842. 1842, pp. 28, 8vo., unb.

Appendix, with list of students and subscribers. students of St. John's College, Annapolis. By John Tayloe Lomax, of Virginia. Baltimore,

4. An address to the alumni and students of St. John's College, Annapolis. Delivered February 22, 1849. By William H. Tuck of Maryland. Annapolis, 1849, pp. 15. 8vo., unb.

5. An address to the alumni and students of St. John's College, Annapolis. Delivered the 22d of February, 1850. By Alexander Randall, esq., of Annapolis. Annapolis, 1850. 8vo., unb., pp. 23.

6. An address to the alumni and students of St. John's College on the 23d of February, 1852. By the Rev. William Pinkney. Annapolis, 1852. 8vo., unb., pp. 20, with "Some account of the commencement of St. John's College, Annapolis, and the attendant exercises February 23, 1852, with a list of the graduates." Baltimore, 1852. 8vo., unb., pp. 16.

7. Memoirs of deceased alumni of St. John's College, read by appointment of the alumni August 6, 1856, 1868-1872. By John G. Proud, jr., a. M. To which is added a register of St. John's College for 1856. Annapolis, 1856. 8vo., unb., pp. 14; 8.

8. Biographical notice of Rev. Hector Humphreys, D. D., late principal of St. John's College, Annapolis, read at the annual commencement, August 5, 1837, by J. G. Proud, jr., A. M. Annapolis, 1857, pp. 17, with "True freedom the gift of God the Son," a baccalaureate sermon preached in St. Anne's church, Annapolis, on the evening of August 2, 1857. By Russell Trevett, D. D., professor of ancient languages in St. John's College. Annapolis, 1857, pp. 11, and with register of St. John's College, 1857, pp. 13.

9. Rules and ordinances for the government of St. John's College, adopted by the board of visitors and governors, July, 1826. Annapolis, 1826, pp. 16.

10. A discourse on education, delivered in St. Anne's church, Annapolis, after the commencement of St. John's College, February 22, 1827. By Francis S. Key, esq. Annapolis, 1827, pp. 26, Appendix xXVIII.

11. An account of the ceremony of laying the corner stone of the new building at St. John's College, performed by the Hon. John Stephen, judge of the court of appeals. With an address delivered on the occasion by John Johnson, esq., one of the visitors and governors, June 18, 183–, with a historical notice of the institution, a catalogue of the officers and students, and a copy of the subscriptions made to the funds. Annapolis, pp. 43.

12. An address delivered in the senate chamber of Maryland before the Association of the O. 4. P. of St. John's College, July 4, 1837. By Thomas Holme Wagner, A. B. Annapolis, 1837, pp. 32.

13. Circular, June 28, 1866. H. Barnard.

14. An appeal to the people of Maryland. By the visitors and governors of St. John's College, Annapolis, August 1, 1868. Annapolis, 1868.

15. St. John's Collegian. Vol. 1, 1888-'89.

16. One hundredth anniversary of St. John's College. Baltimore, 1890, pp. 175. 17. Report of the joint committee of the senate and house of delegates, appointed to visit St. John's College. Annapolis, 1886. (A valuable résumé of the relations of the college and the State.)

18. Ridgely's Annals of Annapolis, pp. 237-244, inclusive. 1841.

19. Taylor's Annapolis and the Naval Academy, pp. 16-21, inclusive. 1872.

20. Riley's The Ancient City, pp. 77-80, 201-218 inclusive. 1881.

CHAPTER IV.

THE SECOND UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND (1812-1894).

A few years after the dissolution of the old University of Maryland the name was revived, but was applied to a far different institution. This second University of Maryland still flourishes in some of its departments-those of medicine, law, and dentistry, while that of divinity was never fully organized, and that of arts and sciences was long since given up.

The university is, so far as is known, almost unique in having devel oped from a medical school rather than from an academical or theo logical department.

About 1785 a discussion began in the Baltimore papers on the sub ject of medical reform and the suppression of quackery. This debate continued for some years, and in the fall of 1788 a petition was circu lated throughout the State praying the general assembly to pass laws for "the better regulation of medical practice.".

To carry through this petition a society of physicians was formed in Baltimore. In the fail of 1789 a more complete organization was made in the "Medical Society of Baltimore." Under its auspices dissection was attempted, and the body of a criminal procured for the use of students. This was, however, carried off by a mob, but, undaunted by prejudice, Dr. Andrew Wiesenthal lectured in the winter of 1789-'90 upon anatomy and surgery to a class of 15, and Dr. George Buchanan upon obstetrics to a class of 9.2 These lectures were so successful that in the spring of 1790 a medical school was organized with a full faculty of excellent physicians. A public hospita! was also contemplated, but nothing came of the movement. The heats of summer dissolved both the medical school and the medical society. Young men wishing to study medicine had to go to Europe, to Harvard, or to Philadelphia, where Dr. John Archer of Maryland obtained in 1768 the first medical diploma granted in the United States.3

Dr. Wiesenthal did not give up the idea of a medical school, but announced in the fall of 1797 lectures in anatomy, surgery, and mid

'Cordell's Historical Sketch of the University of Maryland, p. 1, Scharf's Baltimore City and County, pp. 729 ff.

2Cordell, p. 2.

3 Cordell, p. 3.

wifery, courses to begin with the first Monday of November. About the same time the papers contained notices of a "medical seminary" to be opened the following winter, for which several courses of lectures. were already in preparation. These probably proved futile, but the constant agitation accomplished lasting results.

In 1799 the legislature incorporated a medical and chirurgical faculty or society, with power to appoint a board of examiners for the whole State. This system of regulating the practice of medicine lasted until 1807, when the legislature incorporated the medical college, which had been formed in Baltimore some time previously. The existing board of medical examiners for the State, together with the president and professors of the college, were made "The regents of the College of Medicine of Maryland." The same legislature authorized a lottery of not over $40,000 to be drawn for the benefit of this medical school.3

2

The school grew and flourished, and on December 29, 1812, a lengthy act was passed by the legislature, authorizing" the college for the promotion of medical knowledge, by the name of the Coliege of Medicine. of Maryland," "to constitute, appoint, and annex to itself the other three colleges or faculties, viz: the faculty of divinity, the faculty of law, and the faculty of the arts and sciences; and that the four faculties or colleges thus united shall be and they are hereby constituted an university, by the name and under the title of the University of Maryland." The preamble states as the reason for the establishment of the university that "public institutions for the promotion and diffusion of scientific and literary knowledge, under salutary regulations, can not fail to produce the most beneficial results to the State at large, by instilling into the minds and hearts of the citizens the principles of science and good morals." The members of the four faculties, the professors, and their successors, are to be the body corporate, under the name of the "Regents of the University of Maryland." They have full powers and may hold property not exceeding $100,000 in yearly value— a remarkably liberal amount for Maryland beneficent institutions in those days. The regents are to appoint a provost, who is to preside over them.

Each faculty is to have the power of appointing its own professors and lecturers, who shall "instruct the students of the said university by delivering regular lectures on their respective branches." Each faculty may also choose its dean and exercise such powers as the regents shall delegate "for the instruction, discipline, and government of the said institution and of all students, officers, and servants belonging to the

same."

'Act of 1798, ch. 105.

Laws of Maryland. Act of 1807, ch. 53. This act is still unrepealed. Cordell, p. 29. 3 Laws of Maryland. Act of 1807, ch. 111; act of 1808, ch. 96; act of 1811, ch. 132. Lucas' picture of Baltimore, pp. 166–170.

Laws of Maryland. Act of 1812, ch. 159.