Circumstantial. Dynamic. Suggestive. Historical. Biographical. Dramatic. Creative. 66 'Ministering to one's instinct for knowledge." ESSENTIALS. "Truth and seriousness of subject." The characteristic Note of the writer. 85 I. INTRODUCTION, ¶ I A. General 14. Personal and Historical, 1-8. B. Special The Proposition is Peace: Ought England ૩ concede? II. DEVELOPMENT, ¶ 15-¶ 121. Ought. Part I. Condition of America; 15-44. A. Population, 15, 16. B. Trade, 17-30. Objections to the use of force, 31-35. Part II. of Part I.. How to deal with America; 45-90. A. Introduction, 45-47. B. First alternative and objections, 48-57. Third alternative, 64-90. F. Considerations: is complant. Introduction, 64, 65. optie colonies: Part M. ssion ought be84-123 1. Question one of policy, not of abstract right, 66-69. 2. Trade laws, 70-76. 3. Constitutional Precedents, 77-86. 4. Application of these, 87-90. The Resolutions; 91-121.3 A. Six propositions, 92-106. 91-168 B. The question, 107. 19 C. First resolution, 108-112. 110-114 To repeal or amend certain acts, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. D. Second resolution, 113: 113 Judges not to be removed. E. Third resolution, 114-116: {6-! Regulation of Courts of Admiralty. F. Removal of objections, 117-121. 1:9-123 First objection, its answer. Second objection, its answer. III. CONCLUSION. ¶ 122-¶ 141. *124-14 Lord North's plan reviewed, and compared with that of conciliation, 86 NOTES. SPEECH ON CONCILIATION WITH AMERICA. THE political career of Burke began with his election to Parliament in 1765, under the Rockingham Ministry, and he made his first speech at the opening of the session 1766. He had already won distinction as a writer, and by this speech he received the praise of Pitt, the Great Commoner. At the close of this Parliament the Chatham Ministry was formed, but Burke remained loyal to Rockingham, and in 1769 published his review of a pamphlet entitled The Present State of the Nation. The author of this pamphlet had for his main purpose the justification of the Stamp Act and the praise of the Earl of Bute. The candor, clearness, incisiveness, and force of Burke's article, together with the masterly grasp of essential principles, made it a marvel of political literature. This was soon followed by another upon the Cause of the Present Discontents. The people were writhing under the tyranny of the Ministry of Grafton in the affair of the Middlesex election, by which their right to select their own candidate was denied. Burke championed the cause of the injured people, and asserted that "in all disputes between them and their rulers the presumption is at least upon a par in favor of the people." He taunted the government with ignorance, "both of how to yield and how to enforce," and vigorously maintained that "to govern according to the sense and agreeable to the interests of the people, is a great and glorious object of government." The people appreciated such championship, and selected him as their safest and soundest political leader. The treatment of the American colonies was but the natural result of the despotic principles of King and Commons when carried to their legitimate conclusion. Burke said that this conduct was just that which the 87 worst enemy of the government would wish, that it was political suicide. The Stamp Act was the assertion that the personal will of the Sovereign was supreme. When it became necessary to repeal this act the real significance of the repeal was destroyed by the passage of the Declaratory Act, in which it was maintained that the British government had the right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever. In 1767 the ministry formed a new scheme of taxation, and imposed a duty upon glass, paper, paints, and tea. This caused so much agitation in the colonies that Parliament (1770) decided to remove all the impositions, except that upon tea. But the Americans were not to be caught in such a trap, and accordingly the tea was not allowed to be landed. This resistance brought down a message from the throne, the result of which was the Boston Port Bill and the bill for regulating the Province of Massachusetts Bay. General Gage was commissioned to proceed to Massachusetts and enforce submission. Amid the passion and frenzy of these times was heard the calm, clear voice of Burke, as he uttered the famous sentence, "The honorable gentleman has asked, 'Should not America belong to this country?' If we have equity, wisdom, and justice, it will belong to this country; if we have not, it will not belong to this country." It was in connection with this subject that Mr. Rose Fuller, member for Rye, made the following motion, on April 19, 1774: Moved," That an act made in the seventh year of the reign of his present Majesty, entituled An act for granting certain duties in the British colonies and plantations in America; for allowing a drawback of the duties of customs upon the exportation from this kingdom of coffee and cocoanuts; of the produce of the said colonies or plantations; for discontinuing the drawbacks payable on china earthenware exported to America; and for more effectually preventing the clandestine running of goods in the said colonies and plantations," might be read. And the same being read, he moved, "That this House will, upon the day sevennight, resolve itself into a committee of the whole House to take into consideration the duty of 3d. per pound weight upon tea, payable in all His Majesties dominions in America, imposed by the said act, and also the appropriation of said duty." When the news came that the tea upon which the royal prerogative |