"Boy, bring a cup of wine; bring a few more cups of کو شمع میارید در این جمع که امشب در مجلس ما ماه رخ دوست تما مست که جانرا در مجلس ما عطر میامیز دم ز سر زلف تو خوشبوي مشاهست 66 Say, bring no tapers into our affembly, for this night ،، the moon of my beloved's cheek is at its full in our 66 banquet; fprinkle no perfume in our apartment, for "to our minds the fragrance that conftantly procceds ،، from thy locks is fufficiently pleafing." The contracted participle ufed in compound epithets is exactly the fame with the imperative, as excite thou, انگیزه mirth-exciting; j inflame thou, w كيتي world-inflaming, Getiafrofe, the name of a fairy in افروز the Perfian tales tranflated by Major Dow. The participles of the present tense are formed by adding,, or o to the imperative, as, by, and oin arriving; which laft participle is often used for a .a player بازنده noun of action, as From From the imperative alfo is formed the conjunctive tenfe or aorist by adding to it the usual perfonal termination, as come thou, I may or will come. آي from چو آفتاب مي از مشرق پیاله برآید زباغ عارض ساقي هزار لاله برايد "When the fun of the wine fhall rife from the east of ،، the cup, a thoufand tulips will fpring from the 66 garden of the cup-bearer's cheek." By this affected, yet lively allegory, the poet only means that "the cup-bearer will blush when he shall present the ،، wine to the guefts." For the moft part this form of the Perfian verb, which the grammarians properly call the aorift, or indefinite tenfe, answers to the potential mood of other languages, and is governed by conjunctions as in Latin and English: this will be seen more clearly in the following example taken from the life of Nader Shah ; بر دانایان رموز آگاهي ودقيقه يابان حكمتهاي آلهي واضح است که در هر عهد واوان که اوضاع جهان مختلف و پریشان و چرخ ستمگر بکام ستمکیشان کرده کرده خداوند یگانه که مدبّر این کارخانه ومقلب اوضاع زمانه است از فیض بي منتهاي خود سعادتمندیرا موید و در عرصه كيتي مبسوط اليد کند بمراهم مراحم ورافت بالتيام جراحات قلوب ستمدیدگان پردازد و مذاق تمناي تلخکامان زهر حوادث را بشهد عدالت شیرین سازد که "It is evident to the difcerning and intelligent part of 66 ،، mankind, that, whenever the affairs of the world 66 are thrown into confufion, and fortune favours the ،، defires of the unjuft, the great difpofer of events, "in the effufion of his endless mercy, felects fome ،، fortunate hero, whom he fupports with his eternal "favour; and whom he commands to heal with the "balm of benevolence the wounds of the afflicted, ، and to fweeten the bitter draught of their misfor"tunes with the honey of justice." ,kuned کند,kerded کرد in which period the words fazed, are the aorifts of سازد perdazed, and پردازد ,perdakhten پرداختن kerden کردن kerdiden کردیدن and fakhten, governed by the conjunction & that. اي باد صبا بگذر آنجا که تو ميداني و احوال دلم به تو پیدا که تو میدانی O gentle gale, pafs by the place which thou knoweft, and disclose the secrets of my heart which thou knowest. زین خوش رقم که بركل رخسار ميكشي W بر صحيفة كل كلزار ميكشي With that sweet hue which thou beareft on the rofe of thy cheek, thou draweft a line over the face of the gardenrofe. هبي are fometimes joined to the verb, and fometimes separated from it, according to the pleasure of the writer, as بعیش کوش که تا چشم میزنی برهم خزان همیرسد و نوبهار می گذرد مي Purfue thy pleasures eagerly, for while thou canft close thine eye, the autumn is approaching, and the fresh feafon is paffing away. The The letter future tense, as prefixed to the aorift reftrains it to the I will arrive; thus Nakshebi in his or The Tales of a Parrot, طوطي نامه work called نخشبي جد وجهد باید کرد چونکه مردم بیار خود برسد هر که در کارها کند جهدي عاقبت بر مراد خود برسد Night 35, O Nakshebi, a man who defires to enjoy his beloved must be active and diligent: whoever labours diligently in his affairs, will at last attain the object of his wishes. After having given this analysis of the Perfian verb, it will be neceffary to add a table of the moods and tenfes as they answer to thofe of European languages. |