1HT JAMMARK often confounded with, which has the found of our k, brez pilt قاف as Kerman the province of Carmania; ; Kaf When has three points above it, the Perfians give it the found of g in the word gay, as ་ guliftan گلستان a bed of roses; but these points are very seldom written in the Persian manuscripts; fo that the distinction between Sk and Ïg can be learned only by ufe: thus they often write rofe-water, and pronounce it gulab. ن م ل See the remark on. 1, m, n, r. These letters are the liquids ୪ ات is a flight afpiration, and is often redundant, as les behár the spring, which is pronounced almost like bear; Herat a city in the province of Corafan, which the Greeks called Aria: therefore is the b of the French in honnête, whence came our honeft without an aspiration. At the C end end of a word it frequently founds like a vowel, as + 1 ke, which has the fame fenfe and pronunciation as the Italian che which. OF VOWE L S. The long vowels are S, and may be pronounced as a, o, ee in the words call, fole, feed; as khán a lord, ora to him, jui neez alfo; but the short vowels are expreffed by small marks, two of which are placed above the letter, and one below it, as ba or be, be or bi, bo or bu; thus, اَكَرْ أَن تُركِ شيرازي بَدَست اَرَد دِلِ مَارًا بَجَالِ هندویش بخشم سمرقند و بُخَارَارًا ب Egher ân turki Shirázi bedeft âred dili mára The mark placed above a confonant fhows that the as Sa-mar-can-di a native سمرقندي سمرقندي ,fyllable ends with it of Samarcand; the first of which fyllables is fhort, the fecond and third long by pofition, and the last long by nature: but this belongs to the profody. These short vowels vowels are very feldom written in the Perfian books; and the other orthographical marks are likewife ufually fuppreffed, except Medda, Hamza, and Tefhdid "; the two first of which are the most common. آن Medda above an gives it a very broad found, as aun: Hamza fupplies the place of in words that end in ; it therefore sometimes represents the article, as li námeï a book, or denotes the former of two fubftantives, as imo li náfeï mushk, a bag of musk; or, lastly, it marks the second person fingular in the compound preterite of a verb, as 8 dádéï, which would regularly be lrolo dádeh i, thou haft given. Teshdid shows a consonant to be doubled, as turreh a lock of hair. The omiffion of the short vowels will at firft perplex the student; fince many words that are compounded of the fame confonants, have different fenfes according to the difference of the vowels omitted: but until he has learned the exact pronunciation of every word from a native, he may give every short vowel a kind of obfcure found very common in English, as in the words fun, bird, mother, which a Mahometan would write without any vowel, fn, brd, mthr; thus the Perfian word bd may be pro nounced like our bud. بد Vau Vau و and Ya are often used as confonants, like our and y; thus, l Van a town in Armenia; v جوان pro juván juvenis, giovane, young; Yemen, that vince of Arabia which we call the happy; jul Khodayár, a proper name fignifying the friend of God.' fore I often lofes its found, as .khan a table خوان be I would not advise the learner to ftudy the parts of fpeech until he can read the Perfian characters with tolerable fluency; which he will foon be able to do, if he will spend a few hours in writing a page or two of Perfian in English letters, and reftoring them after a fhort interval to their proper characters by the help of the alphabet. I fhall close this fection with a piece of Perfian poetry written both in the Afiatick and European characters it is an ode by the poet Hafiz, the first couplet of which has been already quoted; and a translation of it fhall be inferted in its proper place. بده ساتي مي باتي که در جنت نخواهی یافت کنار آب رکنا باد و گلگشت مصلارا Bedéh fákée meï bákée ke der jennet nekháhi yaft, فغان افغان كين الوليان شوخ شیرینکار شهر آشوب چنان بردند صبر از دل که ترکان خوان یغمار Fugán kein lulián shokhi fhiringári shehrâshob ز عشق ناتمام ما جمال یار مستغنیست باب و رنگ و خال و خط چه حاجت روي زيبارا Ze eshki nátemámi má jemáli yári mustagnist حدیث از مطرب و مي گو وراز دهر کمتر جو که کس نکشود و نکشاید بحكمت این معمارا Hadís az mutrebu mei gú varázi dehri kemter jú Ke kes nekfhud u nekshaied behikmet ein moammára. از آن من که عشق از پرده عصبت برون ارد زلیخارا حسن روز افزون که یوسف داشت دانستم Men az ân husni ruzafzún ke yusuf dashti danestem نصیحت گوش کن جانا که از جان دوستتر دارند جوانان سعادتمند پند پیر دانارا |