fances, would enter as volunteers in the service?'-He is fearful left he fhould feem too fervent in pleading the cause of the common failors; but the fubject fully juftifies the laudable zeal with which Mr. Renwick preffes his folicitations; and, we hope, he will prove a fuccefsful advocate for that body of men, who are fo effentially neceffary to the defence of the nation. R-m.

Art. 37. More laft Words of Dr. Johnfen. Confifting of important Anecdotes, and a curious Letter from a medical Gentleman, publifhed from the Doctor's Manufcripts, with original Stories, of a private Nature, relative to that great Man. To which are added, fingular Facts relative to his biographical Executor, formerly Chairman of the Quarter Seflions. By Francis, Barber. 8vo. 2 S. Rich. 1787.

·

A piece of dirty fun, in humble imitation of Swift's naftieft manner. By Francis, Barber,' many purchafers were taken in (by the publisher's advertisement) to fuppofe, that the materials of the pamphlet came, by fome means or other, from Frank Barber, Dr. Johnfon's black fervant; but the preface [fomewhat too late though!] fets them right, by acknowledging the Author to be a Mr. Francis, who had been barber to the Doctor :-and a cunning shaver no doubt!

Art. 38. Sketch of Commotions and Disorders in the Auftrian Nether lands, including Tranfactions from April 1, 1787, in a Series of Epiftles, by Dennis O'Flaherty, Efq. of the Kingdom and Province of Ireland. Emended into English by the Editor, and founded on official Papers, &c. &c. 8vo. 25. Johnfon. 1787. 'Tis all a joke, good people. None of your dull details of helterfkelter commotions and diforders. Gentle readers, you are all made April fools. This Dennis O'Flaherty, Efq. is a droll fellow ;-a twig from a branch of the Anftey family; and his comical verfes, though certainly relative to the Emperor, the Pope, and the Netherlanders, often remind us of the celebrated Bath Guide. We only regret, that the ingenious and whimfical Writer has not been more happy in his choice of a fubject; for with regard to that on which he has now lavished his wit and humour, few readers, on this fide of the Scheld, we apprehend, will cate three-fourths of a grote for it. We fhall be glad to fee his ability and pleafantry employed on objects nearer home.

Art. 39. An Account of all the Manors, Meffuages, Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, in the different Counties of England and Wales, held by Leafe from the Crown, as contained in the Report of the Commiffioners appointed to enquire into the State and Condition of the Royal Forefts, Woods, and Land-revenues, &c. &c. Folio. 12s. 6d. Boards. Hooper. 1787.

The Commiffioners appointed, by the late act of Parliament, to enquire into the ftate and condition of the woods, forefts, landrevenues, &c. of the Crown, found, on examining the landed poffeffions and revenues, &c. that they naturally compofed three diftinct branches. 1ft, Landed poffeffions of the Crown, granted by leafe. 2d, Woods, forefts, parks, and chaces. 3d, Fee-farm and unimprovable rents. The Commiffioners, therefore, refolved, for the fake of regularity and perfpicuity, to keep their enquiry of

each

each of these branches feparate and diftinct, to deliver a report of each department, and a final opinion of the whole.

The performance before us is the fubftance of the first report; and contains a concise description of all the landed poffeffions and revenues of the Crown in England and Wales, that are held, by leafes or grants, for the remainder of long terms, granted prior to the paffing the civil-lift act of the ift of Anne, and not yet expired; or under leafes, granted, fince that period, for terms not exceeding thirty-one years, or three lives, excepting in cafes of meffuages, which are allowed to be granted for the term of fifty years, or three lives, conformable to the limitations of the faid act. To render the abftract as intelligible as it is comprehenfive, the particulars are arranged in columns, under diftinct heads. The firft gives the counties in alphabetical order, with a brief defcription of the lands, houses, or other hereditaments, demifed in each;-then follow the names of the leffees, the dates of the laft leafes,-the terms thereby granted,the periods of expiration, the yearly value of the premifes, by the lateft furvey, according to the Surveyor-general's report, the fines received on the renewal,-the old rents formerly referved,-the increased and new rents furcharged, and to take place when the old ones determine,-and, laftly, obfervations, on particular matters, contained in the refpective leafes.

From the above account of this work, our Readers will perceive its utility to all perfons poffeffing, or interested in, eftates held by leafe from the Crown,-to gentlemen of the law,-to antiquaries, and to all who wish to procure information concerning the history of landed property.

The Editor has added three appendixes. The first contains an account of the land revenue of the Crown, in Queen Mary's time, anno 1555; the fecond is a compendium of the ftate of the revenue and profits of the Crown, in the 44th of Elizabeth; and the third is a calendar to the furveys of the eftates of Charles I. his Queen, and the Prince of Wales, taken by ordinance of Parliament, during the interregnum. K-m.

Art. 40. Report of the Commiffioners appointed to enquire into the State and Condition of the Woods, Forefts, and Land-revenues, of the Crown. 4to. 12s. 6d. Boards. Debrett. 1787.

This publication is nearly the fame as the preceding. The report Itfelf is here prefixed to the alphabetical lift, defcribed in the foregoing article; but the Editor has not added the three curious papers, on the fubject of the royal revenue, which are given in the appendix to the former publication, and which, in our opinion, are a valuable addition. The thanks of the Public are, however, due to each of thefe Editors, for the intelligence which their useful books contain.

We have confulted brevity in our review of this and the foregoing article, the rather because their contents are fo fully, and, in fome refpects, critically, noticed in our account of Mr. St. John's book, on the fame fubject. See Review for October, p. 260-264.

IRISH CATHOLICS.

Do

Art. 41. A fuftification of the Tenets of the Roman Catholic Religion; and a Refutation of the Charges brought against its Clergy, by

the

the Bishop of Cloyne. By Dr. James Butler. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Coghlan, &c. 1787.

Dr. Butler pleads the active part which he and his reverend brethren took, to fupprefs difturbances that the Catholic clergy fuffered by, as well as the Proteftants: and it is, perhaps, doing them no more than justice to believe him. But when he goes on to affure us, of the inoffenfive benevolent fpirit and dictates of the Catholic religion, in answer to what he deems injurious reprefentations of it, as taught in the Proteftant schools, we cannot but paufe before we yield affent.

It is not easy to avoid comparing the language of Popery, as a fubordinate fect, pleading for toleration, with the fame religion when armed with temporal power. In the former, which is the prefent cafe, tenets that, in the latter cafe, are hoftile both to the fouls and bodies of unbelievers and heretics, are explained away, in a manner which, if it is fanctioned by the court of Rome, fhews how happily and commendably that court has reformed its principles. We have room, however, to imagine, that the papal court is flexible enough to qualify doctrines and precepts to fituations and seasons; and that what must be admitted as orthodox in Ireland, would fall far fhort of that credit in Italy or Portugal. What kind of fecurity we have for the uniformity of Catholic loyalty, may be conceived, when the titular bishops of Munfter thought it incumbent on them, lately, to unite in a formal difavowal of the tenets of Father Burke, the titular Bishop of Offory, who "violently reprobated" the oath of allegiance required from the Catholic clergy, as injurious to the fupremacy of the Holy See. But though Father Burke's doctrine of allegiance was condemned in Ireland, we do not find that it was condemned at Rome; we are indeed told, that he obtained no farther promotion, which is very easily to be accounted for; and we find, moreover, that when Dr. Butler reprefented the conduct of himfelf and his brethren in that affair, in a memorial to the Sacred Congregation de propagandi Fidei, all the thanks he got from the præfect cardinal Caftelli, was, a cenfure for precipitancy in deciding on a bufinefs of fuch magnitude, without firft confulting the fovereign Pontiff t.

Dr. Butler complains highly of the mifreprefentation given of the Catholic religion, in the catechifm taught in the English Proteftant fchools; and, among other paffages, that where it is faid- It is well known that liberty of confcience is denied in all Popish countries, and, that wherever Popery prevails, they endeavour to root out all that differ from them by fire and fword,'

To refute this affertion, he adds- And yet we find that in France, which is a Popish country, Marshal Turenne and Count Saxe, both Proteftants, were allowed liberty of confcience, and fought with it in the fervice of the French monarchy, more to the honour of that crown than any foldiers of their time: the finances of France, in a later day, flourished under M. Necker, a Calvinist; and the kings of France have thought it neither unfafe, nor impolitic, to establish an order of military distinction for Proteftants, in their very palace. Thofe Proteftants who have returned, without fuffering, from the Inquifition in Italy, Spain, and Portugal, will bear tefti† Page 82.

* Page 65.

mony

mony to the falsehood of the affertion, that Proteftants are extermi nated there by fire and fword.'

But among whom will this pafs for refutation? Will the excep tions of two or three eminent men, whose talents atoned for their he refy, fhew that Proteftants are tolerated in France? It is believed they are very numerous; but do the commonalty there refort freely and openly to Proteftant chapels? Do they form an ecclefiaftical government among themfelves, under titular fuperiors, as the Catholics do in Ireland? Even fuppofing all this, why was France felected in proof, rather than Italy, Spain, or Portugal? If Proteftants do now escape the Inquifition in thofe countries, and return, they have not always had that good fortune; and the queftion is not fo much relative to travellers, as to natives: what then is the object of those ftern tribunals? Let hiftory decide.

History indeed, notwithstanding his confident affertions of the benign principles of the Catholic religion, is fo full in his teeth, that it extorts a confeffion ill-founded, and delivered at the clofe, with an exceeding ill grace:

That perfecution, for religion's fake, has been carried to unwarrantable lengths, every man will acknowledge who has read the hiftories of Europe. Religion and policy were led hand in hand: an established church was found to be the most closely connected with the political government: and, accordingly, every flate in Europe has connected them. If, in the eye of civil polity, it has feemed fit to carry the punishments of herefy to unneceffary, or unbecoming lengths; on that civil polity let it be charged. We have proved that fuch measures belong not to us, and are totally incompatible with our functions: If the Inquifition of Spain, and Italy, and Portugal, be charged on us, what will the caufe of Chriftianity benefit, by our retaliating the Star Chamber, and the penal laws, that fo long ftained our ftatute books in this and the fifter kingdom, on the Proteftant religion? The Inquifition is a creature of the civil power: fuppofe that it does exceed the proper limits, why are we to be charged with the tranfgreffion? And what anfwer fhould we have received from a liberal Engiifh juryman, whom we should accufe of cruelty, becaufe, in confequence of his verdict, a priest, convicted of returning to his country, to exercife the functions of his religion, fhould be hanged? Exactly in the fame predicament ftand the judges of the Inquifition. They are divines, because offences against religion are the only objects of their cognizance They try thofe handed over to them by the civil power, as accufed of herefies; and their province extends no further.'

The convenient connection, and time-ferving feparation, of civil and ecclefiaftical powers, is too well understood, and is too grofs an infult on common fenfe, to be honoured with any notice. If Dr. Butler could write this paragraph without blushing or fmiling, we can with equal confidence produce it, as a full and fufficient key to his own pamphlet; fo that nothing is needful to be added by any opponent whatever.

In conclufion, Dr. Butler may, and we believe has, fully exculpated his own conduct, and that of his brethren in Ireland, fo far as relates to the recent disturbances; but he neither has, nor can extend

that

that juftification to the tenets and fpirit of the Romish religion, beyond the prefent profeffion of it in Ireland; where it is mellowed down to a private fect, afking that toleration it never gave. He may indeed affert a claim to toleration among us, who profefs the right of exercising private judgment; but it becomes him to preferve a modeft filence, and not to remind us of the treatment of Proteftants in Catholic countries.

N.

Art. 42. Obfervations on the political Influence of the Doctrine of the Pope's Supremacy. Addreffed to the Rev. Dr. Butler, &c. &c. By William Hales, D. D. Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. 8vo. 2 s. Faulder. 1787.

Dr. Hales taxes Dr. Butler and Mr. O'Leary, with imputing affertions to the Bishop of Cloyne that are not to be found in his pamphlet; the inftances of which he contrafts in oppofite columns. But Dr. Butler infifting particularly, that the confecration oath of the Catholic Bishops is by no means inconfiftent with the allegiance of a fubject to his prince, which is referved by the claufe, Salvo meo ordine; Dr. Hales replies, that whereas Boffuet only laboured to eltablifh the Pope's jurifdiction in fpirituals, you proceed a step farther, and recognize it in temporals alfo; thus proving what has been fo often and fo reasonably objected to your church, the actual existence of an imperium in imperio. For if the bishops, in the Pope's territories, fwear fealty to him, both in fpirituals and temporals; and if the Roman Catholic Bishops, all over the world, imitate their example, in taking the faid oath; the inference is obvious. They also fwear fealty to him, both in fpirituals and temporals; unless an Italian, and an Ultramontane Bishop, take the fame oath in different fenfes a fuppofition altogether inadmiffible.' The chief purpose of this pamphlet, which, at the clofe, is only termed Part I. is to cite instances to fhew, that this conceffion of Dr. Butler is perfectly agree, able to the decisions of the Popes, councils, and canons.

As to the faving claufe, Salvo meo ordine, Dr. Hales finds it in the earliest oath.upon record, that of Gregory III. elected A. D. 731; and hence objects to Dr. Butler's expofition of the words, as meaning without prejudice to my STATE, which are nugatory when fworn by a Bishop in the papal territories; and, from various authorities, refolves them into-faving the privileges of my ORDER; a refervation that imposes fomething different from fecurity of allegiance to the prince, in whofe territories fuch a Bishop exercifes ecclefiaftical functions.

Art. 43. Obfervations on the Bishop of Cloyne's Pamphlet: in which the Doctrine of Tithes is candidly illuftrated, and his Lordship's Argu ments, for the Infecurity of the Proteftant Religion, demonftrated to be groundless and vifionary. By Amyas Griffith, Efq. late Surveyor of Belfast, and formerly Infpector General of the Province of Munster. 8vo. I s. 6d. Keating, &c. 1787.

This whimfical production opens with an odd ftory, of the Author being deluded, by a treacherous friend, into an oppofition to the late legal indulgence granted to the Roman Catholics; and of his being ruined by him. Little method is to be expected from a writer, who declares there are fo many ideas floating in my imagination, that,. REV. Nov. 1787.

Ff