the same way, by foreign countries, to the owners of the American carrying ships. 263. The most distinct view of this subject will be derived from an examination of the following tables of exports, in which the several articles are divided into classes, with the amount and the proportion which every foreign country receives. The amount of foreign articles exported shows the extent of the carrying trade directly from the country. But there is a considerable portion of the trade carried on from one foreign port to another which never appears upon the books of the custom-house. Thus a number of ships are constantly employed in procuring furs from the north-west coast, and sandal-wood from the Sandwich Islands, and carrying them to China in exchange for teas, silks, &c. In the year 1803 the furs entered at Canton in this manner were valued at half a million of dollars. The ships of the United States are also frequently employed in coasting voyages between the various ports on the Pacific coast of America. Value. DOLLARS. Country to which exported. 930,000 French W. Indies, . W. Indies generally. 1,300,000 Cuba, . French W. Indies, . W. Indies, British America. 150,000 England, 3. Germany, . Russia, f. 3,800,000 American Colonies, Europe, and China. 24,000,000 England, . France, . 6,200,000 England, 3. Holland, . Germany, . France, 5,300,000 W. Indies, more than . Brazil, . S. America generally, and British America, each. 1,600,000 W. Indies, . England, and Russia. nearly. and S. America. 1,400,000 W. Indies, 3. British America, 1,100,000 Danish and Dutch W. Indies, . British America, and W. Indies generally. 840,000 French W. Indies, . Cuba, . W. Indies, . British America, England, 220,000 W. Indies, 3. British America, . 100,000 French W. Indies, . W. Indies generally. British America, . 93,000 England, . France, . Brazil, . Spain, 23,000 Germany, . Denmark, France, Russia, Sweden. 41,276,000 Cotton and Tobacco, Europe; remainder, W. Indies and S. S America. 800,000 W. Indies, . S. America, nearly. 500,000 Cuba, . W. Indies generally. S. America, nearly. China, West Indies generally. S. America, . 264. EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES, 1822 -Continued. Articles. DOMESTIC ARTICLES. Manufactured Ar- Beer, and Spirits from Gunpowder Spirits from Molasses Cordage of Turpentine . Refined Sugar Total. FOREIGN ARTICLES. Gold and Silver Coffee'. Indigo Teas Cacao Total. 120,000 S. America, . Cuba, nearly. W. Indies, . E. Indies, . 86,000 Cuba, W. In lies generally. S. America, . 82,000 W. Indies, 3. S. America, . Africa, f. 60,000 Africa,. Denmark and Norway, ↓. S. America, . Teneriffe, 44,000 Cuba, West Indies generally, . England, . Germany and France, 34,000 South America, . 28,000 W. Indies and S. America. 26,000 S. America, more than . W. Indies, . Gibraltar, §. 50,000,000 W. Indies and S. America. 10,800,000 China, ✈. East Indies, 1. Asia generally, and England. France, 1,700,000 Holland, Germany, . Turkish Dominions, . Russia, §. Italy, France, Austria, each. 1,200,000 Holland, more than . Germany, . France, . Italy & Malta, 700,000 Germany, . France, . Gibraltar, Holland, §. Italy, 200,000 Italy and Malta, . Spain, }. Gibraltar and France, each . 17,000,000 Europe. Exports of Domes-250,000,000 $ Products of Agriculture, of Forests, of Manufac tic Articles . Exports of Foreign Articles .. Total tures, of Sea, . 17,000,000 Gold and Silver, . Tropical products, . Manufactures, . 67,000,000 265. It is obvious from the accounts we have given, that the imports of the United States must consist chiefly of manufactured articles, and the products of warm climates. Most other articles of importance to be found within their limits, and even these are supplied to some extent from their own resources. The following table shows the various articles imported, arranged in the order of their value, with the countries from which they are procured, and the amount of each re-exported. The manufactured articles are distinguished by the letter m; and the products of warm climates by an asterisk (*) prefixed. 266. TABLE OF IMPORTS OF THE UNITED STATES, FOR 1822. m Cotton ditto m Silk ditto *Coffee m Iron and Steel * Sugar m Linen Goods Gold and Silver Spirits. *Molasses 10,300,000 1,700,000 Great Britain, China, 6,800,000 1,000,000 France, 3. China, . British E. Indies, . 3,400,000 more e Coin, & Bullion S 2,500,000 2,400,000 2,000,000 1,900,000 1,900,000 exp't'd 200,000 France, . Danish W. Indies, . Holland, 4. 200,000 Spain, 1. France, Teneriffe, . Portugal, . 700,000 China. 1,800,000 1,200,000 British E. Indies, 3. W. Indies and S. America. 50,000 Man. England, Unwrought, England, }. S. America, } tin 1,400,000 50,000 England. 4,000 Russia. 267. The following Table, compiled from the two preceding, will show the comparative Value of Exports and Imports, and the Countries with which the United States are connected in commerce : Great Britain and do- 5,200,000 61 3,300,000 4 Holland & dominions 2,700,000 3 Denmark & dominions 2,500,000| Portugal & dominions 2,400,000| Hayti 2,300,000 2 1,600,000 332221 9,700,000 4,000,000 700,000 2,700,000 3,100,000 100,000 300,000 1,900,000 2 500,000 12 Turkey, Levant, and 'Barbary States It appears from an examination of this table, that about half the imports of the United States are from Great Britain and her dominions, and nearly half the exports find a market in this country and her colonies. The greater part of the remaining trade is with Spain, France, and their colonies, and with China. It is obvious that commercial interests unite America with Great Britain more strongly than with any other power, and that her trade with us is too valuable to be sacrificed on slight grounds. 268. The exports of the United States appear to have doubled every eighteen years since 1769; and in 1816 they exceeded those of any other nation except Great Britain. 269. From a view of the whole subject, it will be found that the United States are at present the second commercial nation in the world. The following data are taken from the statistical work of Mr. Pitkin, whose accuracy is so well known: 'In 1807 the tonnage of British vessels which entered the ports of Great Britain from all parts of the world, (including the repeated voyages,) was about 1,482,000 tons. The tonnage of American vessels employed in foreign trade, which entered the ports of the United States, (including their repeated voyages,) was a little more than 1,100,000 in the same year.' 18,000,000 Pitkin's Statistics, p. 431. In 1800 the French vessels which entered France from foreign voyages, amounted only to 98,304 tons. 270. The whole amount of tonnage owned by citizens in the United States in 1810 was 1,424,781 tons, as entered on the custom-housebooks; but, deducting for losses and old ships, it must be estimated at one million and a quarter, 1,250,000. In 1800, the commercial tonnage of England was estimated at 1,269,329 tons. In 1787 France possesed but 300,000 tons of shipping. In 1804 the whole tonnage of all the nations and states around the Baltic, including Norway, was 493,417 tons, or less than half that of America. 271. In the following page will be found a table, showing the amount of tonnage in the respective states, arranged in the order of superiority in this respect; and indicating how far each is actively concerned in commerce. The single state of Massachusetts owns a greater amount of tonnage than was owned in England in 1700. The increase of the American tonnage is not less remarkable than its actual amount. The registered tonnage was doubled in the fourteen years between 1795 and 1809, and nearly tripled in the twenty years between 1795 and 1815, although this included a period of war. 273. The following table will show the proportions of the exports which are sent from each state. Some correction must be made, however, in order to ascertain the actual amount of exports produced in each. Thus New Jersey exports almost all her produce through the ports of New York and Philadelphia; and a large part of the products of Connecticut are sent to New York; and there must of course be a correspond 9,183 27 17,594 ing diminution in the nominal amounts for these states. New York receives much of the produce of these states, and of the western parts of New England. Massachusetts exports the produce of New Hampshire and Vermont, as as well as its own. The exports of Louisiana includes those of the states on the Mississippi; and therefore are much greater than the proportion of this state alone : 274. TABLE OF EXPORTS OF EACH STATE. |