Principal Countries of the World; Population, Area, Religion, and Government. By the settlement of the difficulties between Russia and Turkey, at the Berlin Congress in 1878, Roumania, Servia and Montenegro became entirely independent, the two last receiving an increase of territory; Bulgaria, previously a province of Turkey, became semi-independent, under the protection of Russia; Cyprus was ceded by Turkey to England; the occupation of Bosnia was entrusted to Austria; Roumania obtained the Dobrudja, taken from Turkey, in exchange for Bessarabia; and a small strip of territory in Turkish Armenia, including the important seaport of Batoum, on the Black Sea, and Bessarabia, taken from Roumania for that purpose, were ceded by Turkey to Russia; all of which materially diminishes the area and population of Turkey. The settlement leaves Turkey with a population of about 22,000,000, and an area of about 700,000 square miles. All these collectively are estimated to speak 3.064 languages, and to possess about 1,000 different forms of religion. The amount of deaths per annum is 33,333,333, or 91,954 per day, 3.730 per hour, 60 per minute, or 1 per second. This loss is compensated by an equal or greater number of births. The average duration of life throughout the globe is thirty-three years. One-fourth of its population dies before the seventh year, and one-half before the seventeenth. Out of 10,000 persons only one reaches his hundredth year, only one in 500 his eightieth; and only one in 100 his sixtieth. Another estimate of the earth's population, classified by race and religion, is as follows: Whites Blacks. RACES. 550,000,000 173,000,000 Mongolians......... 550,000,000 Copper Colored..... 12,000,000 N. America.. Rocky Mountains Mississippi..... N. America... Lake Itaska.... Obi Nile.. Brazil.......... Andes Koulkoun Mountains. Australasia... Australian Alps. Siberia. Altaian Mountains. Egypt, Nubia. Blue Nile, Abyssinia. Thibet..... Yang-tse-Kia.. China... Lena.. St. Lawrence.. Volga.. Siberia.... Soudan.. Canada.. Russia.. Siam Heights of Irkutsk. Lake in Volhonsky.. Brahmapootra. Thibet........ Columbía Colorado. N. America... Rocky Mountains N. America... San Iaba.. .676.000,000 Susquehanna.. N. America... Lake Otsego.. 320,000,000 James... Potomac ..140,000,000 Hudson.. ..14,000,000 RELIGIONS. Discharge. Miles Gulf of Mexico.. 4.500 Gulf of Mexico.. 3,200 Atlantic Ocean.. 3,200 Yellow Sea 8,000 Encounter Bay.. 8,000 Arctic Ocean.... 2,800 Mediterranean.. 2.750 China Sea..... 2,500 Arctic Ocean.... 2,500 Gulf of Guinea.. 2,300 Gf St. Lawrence 1,960 Caspian Sea. 1,900 Chinese Gulf. 1.700 Arabian Sea..... 1,700 Black Sea... 1,630 Arctic Ocean.... 2,500 Bay of Bengal... 1.500 Pacific Ocean.... 1,090 Gulf of Califor.. 1,000 Chesapeake Bay. N. America... Allegheny Mountains... Chesapeake Bay. N. America... Gr. Black Bone Mount'n. Chesapeake Bay. N. America... Adirondacks. Mt. Marcy Bay of N. Y... Historical Facts Relating to the United States. Greek & East Church. 60,000,000 Oceans, Seas, Bays and Lakes. Sq. Miles. 80,000,000 .40,000,000 .20,000,000 .10,000 000 .......5 000 000 NOTE. The seas, bays, gulfs, etc., connected with each ocean, are included in the foregoing estimate. It may be proper to remark, however, that the exact superficial extent of the several oceans is not known with certainty, nor the exact proportion of land and water. Seas. Length in Miles. Mediterranean, about...... .2,000 Bays. Hudson's, about.. Baffin's.... Chesapeake Lakes. 400 500 400 325 1845 Tallahassee. 1788+ Richmond. 1788+ Albany. English Puritans., 1788+ Boston. English 1788+ Concord. 1820 Augusta. Dutch and Danes.. 1787+ Trenton. English Swedes and Finns. 1787+ Dover. From Massachu'ts 1788+ Hartford. 66 Length in Miles. 1.200 .600 ..250 Length. Width. Miles. Miles. 1627 Delaware*. St. Mary's. English Michigan.. .330. Great Slave .300. .60 1636 Rhode Island. Providence 1669 Wisconsin...... Green Bay Port Royal. .20 1682 Pennsylvania. Philadelphia... .40 1685 Arkansas..... Arkansas Post. 60 1690 Texas.. San Antonia..... French. Spaniards. 150. French. .1,400 Ladoga French. .1,000 French. Black .932 Nicaragua. .120.. .40 1716 Mississippi Natchez.. French.. 44 Caspian.. ..640 L. of the Woods....70. .25 1720 Illinois... Baltic.. .10 1725 Vermont.. ..4 1757 Tennessee 46 Aral ..250 George .36. .3 1764 Missouri. 1769 California 1775 Kentucky 1788 Ohio. 1811 Oregon.... 1833 Iowa. 1846 Minnesota. 1850 Kansas. 1861 Nevada.. Fort Dummer... From Massachu'ts 1791 Montpelier. Savannah Fort Loudon.... St. Louis.. Astoria.. Burlington.. St. Paul. 1788+ Atlanta. From N. Carolina. 1796 Nashville. From Virginia 1821 Jefferson City. 1850 Sacramento." From N. England. 1803 Columbus. From N. England. 1846 Des Moines. 1862 West Virginia.. (See Virginia)... 1854 Nebraska. 1858 Colorado........ Denver........ The thirteen original States. + Date of adoption of Constitution. Principal Exports of Various Countries. ARABIA-Coffee, aloes, myrrh, frankincense, gum arabic. ECUADOR and NEW GRENADA-Coffee, cotton, indigo, fruits, sugar, cocoa. HINDOSTAN-Cotton, silks, rice, sugar, coffee, opium, indigo. HOLLAND-Fine linens, woolens, butter, cheese, various manufactures. IRELAND- Linens, beef, butter, tallow, hides, potatoes, barley, etc. MEXICO-Gold, silver, logwood, cochineal, fruits. PERSIA-Carpets, shawls, wine, silk, cotton, rice, rhubarb, guns, swords, etc. SPAIN and PORTUGAL-Silks, wool, wine, oil, fruits, salt, etc. SWEDEN and NORWAY-Iron, steel, copper, timber, fish. SWITZERLAND-Watches, jewelry, paper, laces, linen, cotton and silk goods, etc. WEST INDIES-Sugar, rum, molasses, coffee, spice, cotton, indigo, fruits. Stadt Theater, New York.. 3,000 Academy of Music, Phila Cheese, old, raw 3 30 -20,000 pounds. Oyster soup, boiled.. 3 30 delphia. Bread, wheat, fresh, baked. 3 30 Carlo Felice, Genoa. 2,560 Eggs, whipped, raw. 1 30 Turnips, flat, boiled.. 3 30 Trout, fresh, fried... 1 30 Potatoes, Irish, boiled 3 30 Soup, Barley, boiled.. 1 30 Eggs, fresh, hard boiled 3 30 Alexander, St. Petersburg. 2.332 Apples, sweet, mellow, raw. 1 30 San Carlos, Naples. 2,240 Venison steak, broiled. 1 45 Adelphi Theater, Chicago. 2.238 Sago, boiled.. 1 45 Imperial, St. Petersburg.. 2,160 Tapioca, boiled. 2 La Scala, Milan.. 2.113 Barley, boiled.. 2 Milk. boiled. Veal, fresh, broiled. Covent Garden, London... Fowls, domestic, boiled... Eggs, fresh, raw.. Beef, old, salted, boiled. 4 15 Boston Theater, Boston.... 2.972 Music Hall, Boston..... 2,585 Cabbage, with vinegar, raw Grand Opera - Hall, New Milk, raw...... 15 Veal, fresh, fried.... 4 30 Orleans.. 2,052 Eggs, fresh, roasted. 2 15 Cabbage, boiled... 4 30 St. Charles Theater, New Orleans.... 2,178 Turkey, domestic, roasted 2 30 Goose, wild, roasted........ 2 3J Pork, roasted CHRONOLOGY OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. 5 15 Tomato-1 oz. gives 2,500 plants. Suet, beef, boiled......... 5 30 Quantity of Seed to Plant, Asparagus-1 oz. produces 1,000 plants. Asparagus Roots,-1,000 plants to bed 4 x 225 feet. Beans.-1 qt. plants 150 ft. of row. Turnip.-11⁄2 pound to the acre. OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES, HAVING 100,000 INHABITANTS AND OVER, ACCORDING TO THE LATEST AUTHORITIES. * For population of several other large cities, see capitals of the principal countries of the world, rage 227. Population of the Principal Cities of the United States. Newcastle-on-Tyne, Eng..128.160 Venice, Italy. 128.901 Ningpo, China.... .400,000 Warsaw, Poland.. .243.512 Odessa, Russia..............162,814 FINANCIAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES; Showing Expenditures and Debt of the Country during the various Political Administrations from the Founding of the Government to the present time; also Presidents and Vice Presidents. The political complexion of the different Presidential terms is indicated by a single letter opposite each year, defined as follows: F, Federalist; R, Republican; D, Democratic; W, Whig. + Elbridge Gerry died November 13, 1814, and was succeeded by John Gaillard, Vice-President pro tem. + Wm. H. Harrison died April 4, 1841, after being one month in office. John Tyler succeeded to the Presidency, and Wm. P. Mangum became Vice-President pro tem. § Zachary Taylor died July 9, 1850, being succeeded by Millard Fillmore; Wm. R. King succeeding to the Vice-Presidency the first half 1853 Frank. Pierce. Wm. R. King......D 1854 Frank. Pierce. D. R. Atchison.....D 1855 Frank. Pierce. Jesse D. Bright.. ..D 1856 Frank. Pierce. Jesse D. Bright.....D 1861 A. Lincoln..... Hannibal Hamlin..R 1862 A. Lincoln... Hannibal Hamlin..R 1863 A. Lincoln..... Hannibal Hamlin..R 899,815,911 25 1,119,772,138 63 1864 A. Lincoln..... Hannibal Hamlin..R 1,295,541,114 86 1,815,784,370 57 1865 A. Lincoln..... Andrew Johnson¶. R 1,906,433,331 37 2,680,647,869 74 1866 A. Johnson.... Lafayette S. Foster. R 1,139,344,081 95 2,773,236,173 69 1867 A. Johnson.... Benj. F. Wade......R 1,093,079,655 27 2,678,126.103 87 1868 A. Johnson.... Benj. F. Wade......R 1,069,889,970 74 2,611,687,851 19 1869 U. S. Grant.... Schuyler Colfax....R 1870 U. S. Grant.... Schuyler Colfax....R 1871 U. S. Grant.... Schuyler Colfax....R 1872 U. S. Grant.... Schuyler Colfax....R 1873 U. S. Grant.... Henry Wilson......R 1874 U. S. Grant. Henry Wilson......R 1875 U. S. Grant ... Henry Wilson** ...R 1876 U. S. Grant.... Thos. W. Ferry....R 1877 R. B. Hayes.... [Wm. A. Wheeler... R. 584,777,996 11 2,588,452,213 94 702,907,842.88 2,480,672,427 81 691 680.858 90 2,353.211,332 11 682,525,270 21 2,253,251,328 78 524,044,597 91 2,144,818.713 57 724.698.933 99 2,143.088,241 16 682.000,885 32 2,128,688,726 32 707,805.070 13 2,099.439.344 99 565,299,898 91/2,205.301,392 10 NOTE. Though the principles of the various administrations, from 1801 to 1829. are designated as Republican, it may be remarked that the principles of both the Democratic and Republican parties have materially changed since the establishment of these parties, which changes have been wrought by the new political issues that have from time to time sprung up in the history of the government. of the Presidential term, and David R. Atchison the last half. I Wm. R. King died April 17, 1853; David R. Atchison becoming Vice-President pro tem. for the first half of the Presidential term, and Jesse D. Bright for the last half. Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by J. Wilkes Booth, April 14, 1865. Andrew Johnson succeeded to the Presidency; and Lafayette S. Foster to the Vice-Presidency the remainder of the first half of the Presidential term, and Benj. F. Wade the last half. ** Henry Wilson died November 22, 1875, and was succeeded by Thomas W. Ferry, Vice-President pro tem. |