HH have been inserted into small brass or steel bushes on the sides of the cylinder frame DD; in which bushes these screw points work; while, at the same time, the frame DD vibrates or swings upon them this frame is adjusted by the screws F F, so that the cylinder II may be brought fairly against the needles, or horizontal wires, that are to play into the holes on its sides or faces. A complete row of these needles, on an enlarged scale, as seen from the side of the machine, numbered at their points from 1 to 8, is represented in Fig. 96. J is a bent piece of iron, seen in front of the machine Fig. 93; and a side view of it is given in Fig. 94: this iron piece is screwed to the middle of the two cross bars which connect the sides of the cylinder frame DD, and these bars are mortised, as shown at K K Fig. 94. The cylinder II is merely a square axis; it is movable upon two iron pivots, driven into its ends, and it occupies the lower part of the frame D D. The four sides or faces of the cylinder are pierced with holes of from th to 4th of an inch in diameter. It is the general custom to have 2 spare rows of needles, in depth, one on each side of the centre, and these are used for working the selvages, independently of those which work the pattern. In a machine, for example, containing 400 needles for the pattern, there are 8 holes in breadth and 52 in length, on each side of the cylinder, as represented in Fig. 96: one row is left blank, as at L Figs. 93 and 95. A Jacquard containing 600 pattern needles will have 12 holes in the breadth of the cylinder, and 50 in length, besides 2 rows for the selvages, as in the former example. The cylinder II has 8 knobs M, four at each end, and 6 of these may be seen in Fig. 93: those on the right hand end are made of boxwood, and the left hand ones of brass; the latter are riveted into small pieces of iron, which are fastened to the cylinder by the screws N, and one of these screws is shown in Fig. 93. The knobs are so arranged, that the holes O O O O O O of the pattern cards, Fig. 97 shall fit them loosely, in order that each card, when brought upon that side of the cylinder which is next to present itself to the needles, may lie perfectly flat or level against it: the screws N serve as regulators or adjusters for this purpose. In the successive application of the cards PPP (see Fig. 97) to each side of the cylinder, the holes O O in each card must always fall directly opposite to those pierced in the other cards throughout the whole series which compose the pattern, so that the knobs M may carry them round in regular succession during the operation of weaving. Near the right hand end of the cylinder, and square with it, there are two square plates of sheet iron Q Q (see Figs. 93 and 94,) each about th of an inch thick, with a distance between them of from 14th to 14 inches: they are parallel to each other, and are kept in their places by the square part of the gudgeon of the cylinder which passes through their centres. Four small pins or studs R R R R connect these plates at their corners, as shown in Fig. 94, and two of them are represented in Fig. 93. A small roller is placed on each pin, to prevent them from being worn, and to diminish the friction of the catches S S, which turn the cylinder round upon its axis. The catches SS are hung upon suitable centres inside of the frame, and either of them may be brought into action by means of the cord T; which cord passes over a pulley U at the upper part of the machine (see Fig. 93,) and thence descends to a convenient place for the weaver's hand, where a knot is made upon it, to be passed, when required, into a saw cut or notch, like those in the trap boards of Cross's machine, Fig. 72: below the knot, there is a small wooden bob attached to the cord, on which the weaver lays hold when he finds it necessary to bring the under catch S into action, and slips the knot into the saw cut, as before described. When this is done the cylinder II turns round backward, or in a contrary direction from what it formerly did; and this is often the case in point patterns, in which one half of the figure is exactly the same as the other half: in such a case, the weaver, by working regularly over his cards up to the last one, and then reversing the action of his cylinder, saves half the cards that would be required were he to continue turning the cylinder one way until the pattern was completed. When the weaver requires to unravel part of the cloth which he has just woven, in consequence of some defect, such as is produced either by the breaking of warp or weft threads, or by using a wrong colour, (which very often happens where forty or fifty are necessary to form the pattern,*) he brings the under catch S into play against the cylinder head, for the purpose of making the chain of cards move backward, in order to find the particular card by which the pick of weft nearest the reed was thrown in; and, again form * Thirty colours (and as many shuttles) were used in the manufacture of her Majesty, Queen Victoria's coronation dress; and 276 were employed in the production of Pope Boniface's night shirt; in the latter of which fancy articles, these colours were so arranged and blended together, as to display correct likenesses of 276 heretics, each suffering under some species of torture different from any of the others; and thus the night shirt of his Holiness contained not only a greater variety of colouring, but also more terrible specimens of design than any shirt, perhaps ever manufactured in Europe. ing the shed by it, he withdraws the pick; and thus he proceeds until the defective part of the cloth is entirely unraveled. V V are two pieces of wood, each shaped like a rake (without teeth,) and its stem or shank passes up through the cross bars of the frame DD: the under one of these bars has a square hole in it at each end, to prevent the pieces V V, which are also square where they pass into these holes, from turning round; those parts of these pieces which pass through the upper cross bar are round, and have spiral springs W W coiled loosely about them; the upper end of these springs bear against the under side of the top cross bar of the frame D D, so as to press the pieces V V downward against the pins R R R R in the cylinder head, two of these pins coming under them every time the cylinder is brought into contact with the needles, so that the springs WW, by pressing down upon the shoulders of the pieces V V at X X, keep the cylinder II perfectly on a range with the needles which play into it. It is evident that while the cylinder is being turned round for the purpose of presenting a new card of the pattern to the needles, the springs W W will give way or be compressed, so as to allow the cylinder to turn past its centre; and when this is accomplished, the cross pieces V V, by means of the springs W W, will immediately recover their former position, and at the same time bring the cylinder II on a range with the needles; and all this takes place during the outward motion of the frame D D, one of the catches S then operating upon the cylinder head. Y Y is the griff frame for elevating the perpendicular wires Z Z, by their hooks at the top: to the lower ends of these wires the harness is connected, as at A' A', Fig. 96. The griff frame contains one straight-edged piece of iron B' for each row of hooks in the machine, and these pieces are inserted into the ends of the frame, as at C'C', Figs. 93 and 95. A side view of one row of hooks is given at D'D' Fig. 96, and their straight-edged lifters B B' B' in the same Fig. are shown in perspective. The centre piece E' helps to support the lifters, through each of which a suitable mortise is cut to fit tightly into it; and the end pieces G' G' connect the sides of the frame Y Y by being dove tailed into them, as shown at H'H' Fig. 94. A bent piece of iron I', adjusted at its back end by a nut and screw J, passes through the centre of the back cross bar Y, and its other end, which is square, passes through a square hole in the front cross bar Y; and to prevent these bars from being worn, a small iron plate K' is fastened upon each by the screws L' L', which may be seen in Fig. 93. The piece of iron I', after hav ing passed through the said square holes, is bent to the right hand side, for the purpose of receiving the friction roller M', which works in the curvilinear space N', of the curved iron J: a side view of these parts is given in Fig. 94. The lifting of the griff frame is accomplished by the following means:-There is a shaft O' O', running across the frame of the machine, and resting on suitable bearings at each end, on which it turns; and on this shaft there are made fast two wooden pulleys P P', to each of which is attached a leather strap Q' Q', and this takes a turn round three fourths of the pulley: the other ends of these straps have holes R R in them, through which two iron spindles pass, and these spindles are kept in their places by means of heads which are made upon them at one end and screw nuts at the other. The proper position of the straps Q' Q', is in the centre between the cross pieces Y Y; and the pulleys P P should be of sufficient diameter to permit the straps to hang in the centre of the griff frame, so that this frame may be lifted with as little friction as possible in the operation of weaving. On the right hand end of the shaft O'O', and outside of the frame, is affixed a pulley S1 with a strong strap or band T' nailed to it, and taking a turn round three-fourths of its circumference, in an opposite direction to the straps Q'Q' thence down to a treadle, to which it is connected. When the weaver depresses this treadle, the strap T', by means of the pulley S', causes the shaft O' O', with the pulleys P P and straps QQ', to lift the griff frame Y Y, and with it those perpendicular wires whose needles are entered into the holes of the pattern cards and cylinder, according to the figure to be produced in the cloth; and while the griff frame is rising, the friction roller M', being affixed to the end of the bent iron I', throws out the cylinder frame DD gradually, by working in the curvilinear space N', of the iron J, and brings one of the catches S in contract with one of the pins R on the cylinder head: the griff frame continuing to ascend, by means of the friction roller M' working against the inclined part of the iron J, causes the cylinder to turn round another side, bringing with it a new card of the pattern; and, when the weaver lifts his foot from off the cylinder treadle, the griff frame descends, leaving the lifters B B in the position shown in Fig. 96; which Fig., as before stated, represents one complete row of needles, numbered at their points which pass through the front board U', against which the cylinder strikes, (see Fig. 94.) It will now be perceived, that by working the strap or band T (see Fig. 95) in the manner |
