very well. We found the vineyards in very good order, and the grapes, which were at full maturity, hung in most luxuriant clusters. They were of two kinds, claret and Madeira, both reputed to be of the best quality, and the sample which we tasted had an excellent flavour. The wine consisted of two kinds of course, claret and Madeira. The claret was rich in quality, but too acid. It was, however, a very palatable and pleasant beverage when diluted with water. The Madeira wine we found very unpalatable, but we were informed that it wanted age. The person who gave us our information said the colony consisted of about 56 persons, who were all vine-dressers, but they had no connexion together in business. Each family was independent within itself. They have farms besides the vineyards, and they make all their clothing, so that the produce of the wine is so much added to their stock. Last year they sold 2400 gallons at one dollar and a half per gallon; this year they will sell 3000; and they are very sanguine that they will be able to bring the business to full maturity. Their markets are, Cincinnati, Frankfort, Lexington, and St. Louis. They represent the climate as healthy; but the weather is changeable, and the heat in summer is very great, being from 24 to 26° of Reaumur*. This summer it was at one time as high as 31 1-2t; but this was the warmest summer they ever experienced. The north-west winds are cold; south, south-east, and south-west winds are warm in summer, and mild in winter; and they are the most prevalent.

He descended the Ohio as far as Louisville, and then proceeded through Kentucky, by the rout of Frankfort, Lexington, and Limestone into Ohio, and by the way of Manchester, Chilicothe, Zanesville, and Canton to Cleveland on Lake Erie. The state of Kentucky is so well known that it will be useless to say more of Mr. Melish's description, than that he describes every thing as advancing with great rapidity, not merely as respects agriculture and manufactures, but even in the refinements and luxuries of life, as we may learn from the circumstance of there being a company of players who perform at Lexington, Frankfort and Louisville; at the first of which places there is a theatre, and at the second, one building at present. The state of Ohio seems to be advancing with equal, if not greater, rapidity. The following extract will show the progress of one of the towns:

The improvements in Zanesville commenced in the year 1804. Five years afterwards it contained 92 houses, and 600 inhabitants; it now contains about 250 houses and upwards of 1200 inhabitants. The whole township contains † Fahr. 102

*Fahrenheit 86° to 90 1-2o.

2154. Many of the houses are built of brick, and a few of stone. The public buildings are, a court-house, occupied also as a state-house, a jail, and a landoffice.

Zanesville is a place of considerable trade; it has 11 taverns and 11 stores. The price of labour is nearly the same all over the western country: a common labourer has 75 cents per day, brick-makers have 5 dollars per 1000 for bricks, and 2 dollars 50 cents for laying. Stone-cutters and carpenters' work at the Philadelphia prices. Other trades have about one dollar per day.

The markets are favourable to tradesmen and labourers. House-rent may be quoted at 36 to 50 dollars per annum; coal 5 1-2 cents per bushel, deli. vered; wood one dollar per cord, delivered; flour 4 dollars per barrel. Boarding from 1 dollar 75 cents to 2 dollars 50 cents per week.

Various branches of manufactures might be established here to great advantage, of which may be enumerated, cotton-spinning and weaving, woolspinning and weaving, ropes, spun-yarn, and cotton bagging; frame smithwork and hosiery; glass and glass-bottles, beer and porter. The materials for all these are abundant, or can be easily procured. Cotton is brought from Tennessee at from four to five cents per lb. Sheep, both of the common and Merino breed, thrive remarkably well, and are getting very plenty. Hemp grows luxuriantly on the river bottoms; iron is plenty every where through the country; every material for making glass is on the spot. Grain is very cheap; and hops grow spontaneously.

Before quitting the state of Ohio, we cannot refrain from quoting the following highly interesting passage:

In support of education, there is a more ample fund provided than in any other country in the world; consisting of no less than one-thirty-sixth part of the whole lands in the state. These school-lands are differently situated in different districts. In the United States army-lands and Connecticut reserve, the school-lands are interspersed throughout the districts in tracts of from 4000 to 16,000 acres, so as to form one-thirty-sixth of the whole. In the Virginia military lands one-thirty-sixth part of the district is to be selected by the legislature of the state, after the Virginia land-warrants are satisfied. In all the other districts one-thirty-sixth part of each township is appropriated, being uniformly the sixteenth section, which lies near the centre. Of all the arrangements, I consider this the best, because it places the public property of the township under the immediate direction and management of those interested in it; so that more benefit will doubtless result from it, than any of the others. In process of time, the effect of these appropriations will be salutary beyond what we can at present, perhaps, form an idea of

He finds Cleveland unhealthy, and though called a city, containing only a few houses. From this place he proceeds along

the shore of Lake Erie to Buffalo. The immediate neighbourhood has lately been so prominently before the public, that we' shall extract Mr. Melish's account of it:

BUFFALO is handsomely situated at the east end of lake Erie, where it commands a beautiful view of the lake, of Upper Canada, and Fort Erie, and a great distance to the southward, which is terminated by an elevated lofty country. The site of the town extends quite to the lake shore, but it is principally built on an eminence of about 30 feet, at a little distance; and to the south along the creek are handsome rich bottom lots, which are at present a little marshy, but will, when drained, be most valuable appendages to this very beautiful place.

Buffaloe was laid out for a town about five years ago, and is regularly disposed in streets and lots. The lots are from 60 to 100 feet deep, and sell from 25 to 50 dollars; and there are out-lots of 5 and 10 acres, worth at present from 10 to 25 dollars per acre. The population was by last census 365, it is now computed at 500, and is rapidly increasing.

The buildings are mostly of wood, painted white, but there is a number of good brick houses, and some few of stone. There are four taverns, eight stores, two schools; and a weekly newspaper has been recently established. The town is as yet too new for the introduction of any manufactures, except those of a domestic kind. The greater part of the people are farmers and mechanics.

The situation is quite healthy, and the seasons are much more mild and open than might be expected in that northern latitude; the effects of the southerly winds already noticed are very apparent here.

And also,

LEWISTOWN is laid out on a handsome plan, occupying a mile square, and a considerable piece of ground is appropriated to public purposes. It is subdivided into blocks of three chains, each containing three lots, and they sell at present for from 100 to 300 dollars. It is gradually building up with brick, frame, and stone houses; and is well supplied with fine water, which renders it very comfortable. Being at the bottom of the portage on the American side, it is the seat of considerable trade, which is likely to increase. Twenty vessels belonging to the lake navigation here, and 2300 bushels of salt were landed at Lewistown last season. The quantity of flour, grain, provisions, and peltry that are shipped is considerable; and for every article of produce there is a brisk demand, and a good price. Wheat sells for 1 dollar per bushel flour 7 dollars per barrel, pork 6 dollars per barrel. The country is improving in the neighbourhood, and land is worth from 7 to 9 dollars per acre. Merino sheep have been introduced, and are doing well; and there are considerable domestic manufactures, though none on a large scale.

Sackett's harbour is described, though not from personal observation:

The village is situated at the east end of Lake Ontario, about sixteen miles from the river St. Lawrence, and consists of a number of large and elegant modern-built houses and out-houses, generally superior to what they are in the old villages. The village was originally laid out in half acre lots, but many of them are subdivided; and such has been the rapidity of the settlement, that these lots are now selling for from 250 to 1200 dollars; and one of them, which was given in a present to one of the first settlers, to induce him to go into the wilderness, was lately sold at 1450 dollars. Mr. Sacket has realized from it, in all, about 25,000 dollars, and has considerable property yet remaining unsold.

The harbour is formed by a peninsula of limestone rock, in many places not more than one rod wide, which perfectly shelters a sheet of water containing about 10 acres. The land fronting the harbour is elevated about 30 feet, and on each side of the harbour the banks are of limestone, about 20 or 30 feet perpendicular, which, from the water, resembles the walls of an ancient fortification. From the village there is one of the most variegated, extensive, and beautiful prospects any where to be seen: the lake, distant islands, main land, and outlets of rivers, are all beautiful, and the scene is continually enlivened with vessels and boats; while the wharves, warehouses, and stores, exhibit an appearance very much resembling a sea-port on the Atlantic.

This has for several years been established a port of entry, and it is in contemplation to establish a navy-yard, arsenal, and fortification for protecting the trade on the lake. There is a ferry between it and Kingstown, in Canada, distant 36 miles, with which place there is a great intercourse; and as soon as packet-boats are established on the lake, this will be the best place from whence to embark to visit the falls of Niagara, distant about 200 miles.

Mr. Melish on leaving Lake Erie, travelled through the western part of the state of New York to Albany, and thence to the city of New York, where his volume ends. We can only recommend to our readers an attentive perusal of this part of the work, as showing a very recent and interesting picture of that state. We have not even room to discuss the opinions of the author on the changes in our future system, which will probably result from the quarrels between England and America. He believes, in general terms, that the foreign trade of the United States will never recover from the shock which it has received, that the capital of the country will be hereafter directed towards man u factures, and that an extensive system of internal commerce will take the place of the extended traffic with foreigners which has hitherto been pursued by Americans

The foreign trade, says he, is gone, never to be recalled to its former state. A new era has commenced in the United States. Britain is destined to be no longer the manufacturer for America; the seeds of manufactures are sown throughout the country, never to be rooted out; and, so far from the interior being dependent upon the cities as heretofore, the cities will, in all probability, become dependent upon it. A friend of mine, lately, in adverting to this subject, well expressed it: "The cities have had their day, and now for the country." I am of the same opinion; and though I am well aware that it is by no means gratifying to many who live in the cities, yet I consider it a solemn duty to state it. Those who avail themselves of the advantages to be derived from the new order of things, will in my opinion do well; while those who continue to hang by a precarious foreign trade, or depend on its reanimation, will, I fear, find themselves disappointed.

We have already said that the author is inclined to speak more favourably of our country than his predecessors have done. A passage like the following, so different from the style of ordinary travellers, will illustrate this remark:

It was gratifying to reflect that I had travelled in the United States upwards of 7000 miles, almost a stranger in the country, without any other passport than decent respect to the inhabitants, which I uniformly met with in return. And here I cannot but express my surprise at the invective and ill-natured remarks that I have seen in the writings of some travellers through this country. As to their general sweeping conclusións, we may pass them over as the mere effusions of ignorant spleen; but the particular instances of rudeness and ungracious reception they have met with merit more attention: the records are so many stigmas upon their own conduct. Strangers may meet with instances of rudeness and rough treatment in America-plenty of them; the American people will not tamely submit to an insult, neither collectively nor individually; and a traveller will not find it to his comfort to proceed by cursing the waiter for doing this, and damning the hostler for not doing that, and threatening to send boots to hell, if his leathern conveniences are not so clear as he can see his shadow in them.

and there is so much truth in the comparison between the European and the American farmer, that we cannot forbear transcribing it. After some general remarks on the prosperity of that class of persons in America, he says

What would the farmers, and mechanics, and manufacturers in Britain give to be in the same situation? There (I speak particularly of Scotland) there a farmer pays from 7 to 28 dollars per acre, yearly, for the use of his farm, besides the taxes and public burdens. He gets, in many instances, a lease of 19 years, and is bound to cultivate the ground in a certain way, prescribed