Prof. John Fryer, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Mr. Walter H. Graves, High School, Oakland, Cal. Mr. Edward Hohfeld, High School, Visalia, Cal. Mr. Wesley Hohfeld, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Miss Lily Hohfeld, Stanford University, Cal. Dr. H. M. Hopkins, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Mr. M. C. James, High School, Berkeley, Cal. Prof. O. M. Johnston, Stanford University, Cal. Prof. A. F. Lange, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Rev. James O. Lincoln, San Mateo, Cal. Miss Alice Marchebout, Girls' High School, San Francisco, Cal. Prof. Max L. Margolis, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Mr. H. S. Martin, Marysville, Cal. Prof. John E. Matzke, Stanford University, Cal. Miss G. E. McVenn, High School, Redwood City, Cal. Prof. Walter Miller, Stanford University, Cal. Prof. W. A. Merrill, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Mr. F. O. Mower, High School, Napa, Cal. Dr. George F. G. Morgan, San Francisco, Cal. Mr. Harold Muckleston, Stanford University, Cal. Mr. Edward J. Murphy, San Mateo, Cal. Prof. A. T. Murray, Stanford University, Cal. Mr. H. C. Nutting, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Mr. Andrew Oliver, San Mateo, Cal. Prof. F. V. Paget, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Prof. Ernest M. Pease, Stanford University, Cal. Mr. E. Pitcher, High School, Alameda, Cal. Mr. Clifton Price, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Prof. Samuel B. Randall, California College, Oakland, Cal. Miss Cecilia Raymond, Dixon, Cal. Prof. Leon J. Richardson, University of California, Berkeley, Cal Mr. L. R. Smith, High School, Santa Clara, Cal. Mr. G. H. Stokes, Marysville, Cal. Mr. C. M. Walker, Lowell High School, San Francisco, Cal. Miss C. E. Wilson, Girls' High School, San Francisco, Cal. The meeting was called to order at 2.45 P.M. by Professor Clapp, who explained the considerations that had led to the call of the meeting, and stated that nominations for temporary officers were in order. Upon the motion of Mr. Price, Professor Clapp was elected Temporary Chairman. On the motion of Professor Merrill it was then Voted, That the committee which had called the meeting be authorized to conduct the business of the session, that Professor Miller act as Temporary Secretary, and that a Committee of five be appointed by the Chair to draw up plans for a permanent organization. The meeting then proceeded to the reading of papers. With the consent of the members the Chair stated that papers would be strictly limited to twenty minutes, and that owing to the length of the programme no discussion would be possible. 1. Logical Thought Power of Greek as shown in its Hypothetical Expression, by Professor Louis F. Anderson, of Whitman College, Walla Walla, Wash. In the absence of the author, the paper was read by Mr. E. F. Burrill, of the Oakland High School. No abstract of this paper is available. 2. The Pronominal Group of Words, by Professor C. B. Bradley, of the University of California. The confusion and uncertainty attending the treatment of this group of words, even in our best grammars, call loudly for a new study of the whole field, and especially for a determination of the precise nature of the differentia which should cause them to be set off from other words. This difference cannot be that which sets off one part of speech from another, since words of unmistakably pronominal quality are found in nearly every part of speech. The paper suggests that their distinctive quality is found in the peculiar nature of their symbolism, which inverts the ordinary relation of denotation and connotation in words. For, while in ordinary words denotation is the more important element, and is fairly constant, connotation being the variable, determined by accidents of suggestion and context, in pronominal words connotation is the essential and constant element, while denotation is variable and determined by the context. The difference is akin to that between the arithmetic and the algebraic symbols of quantity, or that between a bank-note and a check signed in blank. The paper proceeds next to a tentative classification of all distinctly pronominal words in English under four great types of their peculiar symbolism: viz. I. DETERMINATES, whose connotation is fully determined by the speaker — with a sub-group of Emphatic Determinates. II. INDETERMINATES, whose connota tion is more or less indifferent to the speaker, and so is left to the hearer with a sub-group of Emphatic Indeterminates. III. INTERROGATIVES, and IV. RELATIVES. Under each head the classification proceeds, first, upon the basis of grammatical function; i.e. according to the part of speech represented; and, second, according to the varieties of specific connotation involved. The first and second groups are found to be surprisingly rich on both these lines, and show a wider departure from the traditional grouping than do the third and the fourth. 3. Philology of the Chinese Language, by Professor John Fryer, of the University of California. The paper has been published in the California University Chronicle, III. pp. 1–12. 4. Juvenal as a Humorist, by Professor F. S. Dunn, of the University of Oregon. The theme of this paper was a protest against the usually conceded estimate of Juvenal as nothing else but a grim satirist, exemplified by such expressions as "Not a ray of sunshine illumines his pages, not a trace of humor relieves the oppressive gloom." 1 It is unjust and an exaggeration to regard Juvenal as always and continually a Jeremiah. Many lines are relieved of their sting by an accompanying humorous gesture or posture. If many or even all of the satires were written for declamation, there would be still greater freedom and more likelihood for humorous views of subjects. The body of the paper was taken up with citations from Juvenal's own lines, in which humor was predominant, eg. the sportula scene, in which the impostor with an empty lectica claims an extra dole. The Third Satire was especially quoted as alone sufficient to refute the usual verdict against Juvenal. While being in some respects one of the bitterest of the sixteen, it is yet the most humorous of all. The constant references to the annoyances of city life are among the most amusing passages in all literature. The whole Satire may be taken as a laughable tirade on the part of Umbricius, Juvenal listening with sometimes a smile, oftener with bursts of unrestrained merriment, which arouse all the more exaggerated burlesque in Umbricius, the fun becoming the more poignant the farther he proceeds, until he brings it all to an inimitable climax in the scene of the drunken bully. 5. The Connection between Music and Poetry in Greek Literature, by Professor H. Rushton Fairclough, of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. Music was considered an indispensable accompaniment of Greek poetry from the earliest times. The epic poet was literally a singer, and all our evidence goes to prove that Homeric poetry was intended to be actually sung. Elegiac verse, too, was sung to the music of the flute, and in Plato's time children were taught 1 From Gudeman's Latin Literature of the Empire - Poetry - Introduction to extracts from Juvenal. to sing Solon's poems. Even iambic poetry was originally sung (ueλwdn0ñvai). It was in this sphere, however, that music and poetry were first divorced, for Archilochus allowed his verses to be partly sung and partly recited, and also introduced the custom of playing instrumental interludes, without singing. The innovations attributed to Archilochus practically coincide in time with the great advance made in the musical art by Terpander. Archilochus and Terpander are the founders of the more musical and elaborate form of lyric, known as melic. Music, being more characteristic of melic poetry, came to be regarded as an essential feature of this species, but unessential to other forms. The simplicity of the earlier music stood out in marked contrast with the complex and elaborate art of later days, and when the creative period of Greek poetry had passed away, and Homer and his successors were studied for the substance of their work, rather than for their art, then it was natural to regard music as a mere accident in epic, elegiac, and iambic verse, while it was treated as an essential in those forms, in which the elaborate rhythms were inexplicable apart from music. So (eg.) Plutarch (De Mus., ch. 12): Tǹy yàp öλıyoxopôlav kai Tǹv ἁπλότητα καὶ σεμνότητα τῆς Μουσικῆς παντελῶς ἀρχαικὴν εἶναι συμβέβηκεν. This paper is shortly to be published elsewhere in full. 6. Goethe's Homunculus, by Professor Julius Goebel, of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. This paper has been published in the Goethe Jahrbuch, XXI. p. 208 ff. 7. Notes by an Amateur on Reading Plautus and Terence, by Mr. C. W. Goodchild, of San Luis Obispo, California. In the absence of the author the paper was read by Professor W. A. Merrill, of the University of California. No abstract of this paper is available. 8. Dramatic Satura in Relation to Book Satura and the Fabula Togata, by Dr. H. M. Hopkins, of the University of California. The paper defended the traditional view that Book Satura was derived from a rude dramatic prototype such as Livy describes in vii. 2. The argument was based upon a study of the Fabula Togata and of Book Satura. The following dramatic elements were found: (1) Dramatic Personifications; e.g. Mors and Vita in Ennius (Quint. ix. 2. 36), Veritas in Varro (Buech. frag. 141), Avaritia and Luxuria in Persius, 5, 132-153. (2) Clownish Gibes; e.g. Lucil. (Baehrens 83), Horace, Sat. 5, 51-69, and Sat. 7. (3) Dramatic Scenes; e.g. the recalcitrant lover in Hor. Sat. 2, 3, 259–271, and Persius, 5, 161-174. Cf. Ter. Eun. The collapse of the débauché, Pers. 3, 100-103, for which cf. Mansfield in "A Parisian Romance." (4) Dramatic Catch-words, as nempe, Hor. Sat. 1. x. 1, Pers. 3. I. (5) The Phrase “verba togae" (Pers. 5. 14), pointing to a connection between the Book Satura and the Fabula Togata. (6) An early play of Plautus called "Saturio" (Gell. 3, 3 ad fin.), the play of Atta called "Satura," and the "Satura" or "Ludus" of Naevius (Cic. Cat. Mai. vi. ad fin.), seem to show that an effort was made to put the rude dramatic satura on the stage as Fabula Togata. (7) The so-called Prologue to the Satires of Persius is a dramatic tradition. The genealogy of the old Satura might be expressed as follows: The Chair then announced the following committee to draw up plans of organization: Professors Merrill, Matzke, Murray, Bradley, and Rev. Mr. Lincoln. Adjourned at 6 P.M. SECOND SESSION. The second session was called to order at 8.15 P.M. by the Chair. President Wheeler, of the University of California, addressed the Association on the subject of "The Place of Philology." 9. The Place of Philology, by President Benj. Ide Wheeler, of the University of California. In the steady development and differentiation of the intellectual activities, especially during the century just closing, the peculiar discipline in whose name we are here to-day assembled has finally taken a shape and assumed an individuality which assert for it a place and area of its own, and establish some tentative boundary lines between it and its nearest neighbors — philosophy and history. The process of differentiation has been attended by one of selective coöperation, and auxiliaries like archaeology and scientific linguistics have tended to seek their place under the hegemony of philology. The guiding power in these reciprocal processes of differentiation and of selective coöperation has not been derived exclusively or even principally from a theoretical determination of the proper scope and purpose of the related disciplines. The various definitions of philology which have had vogue, and particularly that of Boeckh, may have served some purpose in giving here and there direction to effort and determining division of tasks, but of vastly greater weight have been |