СНА Р. 1761. * twenty millions for next year, we might have it. He therefore ftrongly recommended the million as defired; that he knew the cry which had been propagated for these three years. You won't be able to raise money to continue the war another year; and yet we all faw the contrary. He affirmed that one campaign might have finifhed the war (alluding to his own propofal of declaring war against Spain); and, in answer to the gentleman who had faid that the com plaints of the Portuguefe merchants had not been attended to, he infifled, that, fo far from it, he had fpent many nights in confidering them, and referred that gentleman to what had paffed between him and the ambaffador of the court of Portugal; but those complaints, and the interests of the merchants, he faid, had been abandoned ever fince the period that he had been compelled to abandon his official fituation. He then recommended union and harmony to the ministry, and declared against altercation, which was no way to carry on the public bufinefs; and urged the neceflity of profecuting the war with vigour, as the only way to obtain an honourable, folid, Mr. Glover. and XXI. 1761. and lafting prace; and proved, from the CHAP readiness with which fupplies had been granted, there would be little danger of a flop on that account, fo long as the money was properly applied, and attended with fuccefs. He faid he wifhed to fave Portu gal, not by an ill-timed and penurious, but by a most efficacious and adequate affiftance.' regards more than It is obvious from this fpeech in parti- Mr. Pitt cular, as well as from the uniform tenor of meafures Mr. Pitt's parliamentary conduct, that he men. was a conflant advocate for all those public, measures which had the national honour and profperity for their object, without regarding the man or the party who brought them forward. If this had not been his ruling principle, it will not be fuppofed that he would have fupported that very ministry who had fo lately turned him out, in their firft effential measure concerning the war. The feffion closed on the second of June 1762. The defence of Portugal was undertaken, without making any ftipulations in behalf of XXI. 1.01. Lord Ty to Liibon, CHAP of our merchants, which the opportunity fo amply afforded, and who had presented feverally Memorials to the courts of London and Lifbon, complaining of the injustice of the laft. So far from taking the leaf notice of thefe complaints, Lord Tyrawley was rawiey fent fent to Lifbon, in the character of ambaffador. He was, perhaps, the only gentleman in the British dominions to whom that court, at another time, would have made an exception. At this moment the court of Lifbon was under the neceflity of being filent. Upon a former occafion Lord Tyrawley had rendered himself particularly offenfive at Lifbon; and he seems to have been selected on this occafion, certainly not from motives of friendship to that court, although it was the most favourable period for eftablishing every neceffary commercial ftipulation with clearness and precifion. But it was the fyftem of the new miniftry to humble and weaken the commercial energy Jealousy of the nation! from a jealoufy that fuch mercial in- energy might rival or become dangerous to of the com tereft. the ariftocracy, and in time become a check to the increafing influence and power of the crown. It is the pervading principle of moft of the German governments, the more enflaved are the people, the more powerful is the Prince. Refolution of the British Cabinet to make Peace.Subfidy to Pruffia Refufed.-Negotiation with the Court of Peterburgh, and with the Court of Vienna-Both made known to the King of Pruffia. -Negotiation with the Court of Turin.-Anecdote of the Peace of Aix la Chapelle.-Penfion granted to the Sard nian Minifter.-Privy Purfe Secret Service. Alterations in the British Miniftry-Lord Bute Minifter. His Brother at Court. -Interefling particulars of the Negotiation between Great Britain and France.-Lord Bute's Wealth.-Examination of Dr. Mufgrave.-Union of the Duke of Bedford and Mr. Grenville.-Dif miffion of the Duke of Devonshire.-Anecdote of the Duke of Newcafile and Lord Grenville. NOTWITHSTANDING the British CHAP. XXII. 1762. of the Bri arms continued fuccefsful in every quarter of the world, yet it was the firm and unalterable refolution of the British ca- Refolution binet, to make peace with the utmost expe- tifh cabinet dition. By the extraordinary use which mi- peace. nifters had made of the prefs, already mentioned in Chap. XIX. the people of Eng land became divided in opinion on the sub to make jea XXII. 1762. CHAP ject of continuing the war. The Scottish nation were nearly unanimous in fupport of Lord Bute. The British cabinet were influenced by the fame principles, and probably by the fame means, which governed the Tory cabinet of Queen Anne, at the time of making the peace of Utrecht. Pruffia re The firft confideration of the noble Lord who now guided the King's counfels, was to reduce the King of Pruffia to the neceffity of concurring in his pacific fyftem. Subidy to For this purpose the fubfidy which, accordfufed. ing to treaty, had been annually paid to Pruffia, was this year refufed, contrary to the most folemn engagements, and in direct breach of the national faith; not indeed by an open and manly negative in the firft inftance, but after an infinite number of promises of the money, and evasive answers to the Pruffian refident in London, from the month of January to the month of May 1762. The cruelty of this fport in the British minifter was embittered by the perilous fituation of the King, surrounded by hofts of enemies, and difappointed of the only affistance he had a right to estimate in his preparations for the campaign. However, |