pared, for the effect given by its denuded sterile aspect and saline incrustations, to Utah and Western Colorado.

But in Uyanzi, west of Ugogo, the country heaves upward longitudinally into an altitude of about 1,000 feet higher than the plain of Ugogo, and the consequence is that as they intercept the vapors borne westward by the monsoons, they appear more productive, second only in fertility to the Valley of the Mukondok wa. This sterile region, embracing the Marenga Mkali, though it has only a breadth of about 100 to 150 geographical miles, has a length of about 600 geographical miles, perhaps more.

In Southern Usagara the people are most amiable; but in the north, in those districts adjacent to the Wahumba, the people partake of the ferocious character of their fierce neighbours. Repeated attacks from the Waseguhha kidnappers, from the Wadirigo or Wahehe robbers on the south-west, from the Wagogo on the west, and from the Wahumba on the north-have caused them to regard strangers with suspicion, but after a short acquaintance they prove to be a frank, amiable, and brave people. Indeed, they have good cause to be distrustful of the Arabs and the Wangwana of Zanzibar. Mbumi, Eastern Usagara, has been twice burnt down within a few years by the Arab and Waseguhha kidnappers; Rehenneko has met the same fate, and it is not many years ago since Abdullah bin Nasib carried fire and sword from Misonghi to Mpwapwa. Kanyaparu, lord of the hills around Chunyo, or Kunyo, once cultivated one-fourth of the Marenga Mkali, but is now restricted to the hill-tops from fear of the Wadirigo marauders.

In Eastern Usagara the broad distinctions which

mark the pure Wasagara from the Waseguhha are not to be seen. We first find them among the villages of Mpwapwa. Here the long slender ringlets, ornamented with brass and copper pendicles, balls, with bright pice from Zanzibar, with a thin line of miniature beads. running here and there among the ringlets, are first seen. A youthful Msagara, with a faint tinge of ochre embrowning the dull black hue of his face, with four or five bright copper coin ranged over his forehead, with

a tiny gourd's neck in each ear, distending his earlobes, with a thousand ringlets well greased and ornamented with tiny bits of brass and copper, with a head well thrown back, broad breast thrown well forward, and muscular arms, and full-proportioned limbs, represents the beau idéal of a handsome young African

savage.

The Wasagara, male and female, tattoo the forehead, bosom, and arms. Besides inserting the neck of a gourd in each ear-which carries his little store of "tumbac," or tobacco, and lime which he has obtained by burning land shells-he carries quite a number of most primitive ornaments around his neck, such as two or three snowy cowrie-shells, carved pieces of wood, or a small goat's horn, or some medicine consecrated by the medicine-man of the tribe, a fundo of white or red beads, or two or three pierced Sungomazzi egg-beads, or a string of copper coin, and sometimes small brass chains, like a Cheap Jack watch-chain. These things they have either made themselves or purchased from Arab traders for chickens or goats. The children all go naked; youths wear a goat or a sheep-skin; grown men and women, blessed with progeny, wear domestic, or a loin-cloth of Kaniki, or a barsati, which is a favourite coloured cloth in Usagara; chiefs wear caps such as are worn by the Wamrima Diwans, or the Arab tarboosh.

Next on our line of march appear the Wagogo, a powerful race inhabiting the region west of Usagara to Uyanzi, which is about eighty miles in breadth, and about one hundred in length. The traveller has to exercise great prudence, discretion, and judgment in his dealings with them. Here he first hears the word "honga," after passing Simbamwenni, a word which signifies now, tribute, though it formerly meant a present to a friend. Since it is exacted from him with threats that if it is not paid, they will make war on him, its best interpretation would be, "force-extorted tribute" or toll.

The following are three routes through Ugogo, from which the traveller may take his choice, and the sum

of the tribute to be paid by a caravan of a hundred and

These cloths are only paid by the up-caravans; hoes and ivory are generally taken by the return caravans. Naturally, if the traveller desires to be mulcted of a large sum, he will find the Wagogo ready to receive every shred of cloth he gives them. Mvumi will demand sixty cloths, and will wonder at his own magnanimity in asking for such a small number of cloths from a great Musungu (white man). The traveller, however, will be wise if he permits his chief men to deal with them, after enjoining them to be careful, and not to commit themselves too hastily to any number.

They are, physically and intellectually, the best of the races between Unyamwezi and the sea. Their color is a rich dark brown. There is something in their frontal aspect which is almost leonine. Their faces are broad and intelligent. Their eyes are large and round. Their noses are flat, and their mouths are very large; but their lips, though thick, are not so monstrously thick as those our exaggerated ideal of a negro has. For all this, though the Mgogo is a ferocious man, capable of proceeding to any length upon the slightest

temptation, he is an attractive figure to a white traveller. He is proud of his chief, proud of his country, sterile and unloveable though it be; he is proud of himself, his prowess, his weapons, and his belongings; he is vain, terribly egotistic, a bully, and a tyrant, yet the Mgogo is capable of forming friendships, and of exerting himself for friendship's sake. One grand vice in his character, which places him in a hostile light to travellers, is his exceeding avarice, and greed for riches; and if the traveller suffers by this, he is not likely to be amiably disposed towards him.

This sturdy native, with his rich complexion, his lion front, menacing aspect, bullying nature, haughty, proud, overbearing, and quarrelsome, is a mere child with a man who will devote himself to the study of his nature, and not offend his vanity. He is easily amused, as his curiosity is easily aroused. A traveller with an angular dispsition is sure to quarrel with him; but in presence of this rude child of nature, especially when he is so powerful, it is to his advantage and personal safety to soften these angles of his own nature. The Kigogo "Rob Roy" is on his native ground, and has a decided advantage over the white foreigner. He is not brave, but he is at least conscious of the traveller's weakness, and he is disposed to take advantage of it, but is prevented from committing an act because it is for his interest to keep the peace. Any violence to a traveller would close the road; caravans would seek other ways, and the chiefs would be deprived of much of their revenue.

The Mgogo warrior carries as his weapons a bow, and a sheaf of murderous-looking arrows, pointed, pronged, and barbed; a couple of light, beautifullymade assegais, a broad sword-like spear, with a blade