Note. The letter n put after the word Begin, denotes, that that letter must be doubled in forming the variations Beginnest, beginneth, beginning; and edst put after the past time of Beat, denotes, that that termination must be added to form the second person singular of the past time, &c.

Examination.

What are the past time and participle of " Arise ?" &c.

Observations on SHALL and WILL.

Shall, in the first person, simply foretells; in the second and third, commands, or threatens; as, "I shall labour hard; you or they shall labour hard."

Will, on the contrary, in the first person, implies a resolution or promise; in the second and third, only foretells; as, "I will labour hard; you or they will labour hard."

Note." Shall I labour hard? Will you labour hard? and, Shall he labour hard ?" refer to the will of the second person. But, "Will he labour hard ?" refers to the third person's own will. "You and he say, that you will labour hard," implies a promise; but, "You and he say, that you shall be ruined," simply foretells.

An Exemplification of the principal Rules of Syntax.

Rule I.-The subject of a verb must be in the nominative case, as, "I read. Who talks? He.

Note.---I is the subject of the verb read, and he the subject of the verb talks understood, and therefore are in the nominative case.

Rule II.-A verb must agree with its subject in number and person; as, 66 I entreat. He entreats."

Note 1.---Entreat agrees with I, in the first person singular, and entreats agrees with he in the third person singular.

Note 2.---When a sentence or clause of a sentence is the subject of a verb, the verb must be in the third person singular; as, "To quarrel is prohibited."

Note 3.---When a collective noun conveys the idea of plurality, the verb must be in the plural number; as, "The committee were not unanimous."

Rule III. -An active transitive verb governs the accusative case; as, "You should correct him.

should reward her."

You

Note.---The active transitive verb correct, governs him in the accusative case; and reward governs her in the accusative case.

Rule IV.-Prepositions govern the accusative case; as, "You agree with us. You are against them."

Note. The preposition with governs us in the accusative case ; and against governs them in the accusative case.

Rule V.-A noun or pronoun denoting a proprietor of something must be in the genitive case; as, 'John's house. The garden is Peter's. Your coat. The gown is hers."

66

Note 1.---An apostrophe is never used in forming the genitives ours, yours, hers, its, theirs."

Note 2.---When a name consists of more words than one, the last only is put in the genitive case; as, "Hill the bookseller's shop."

Rule VI.-Pronouns must agree with the nouns for which they stand in person, gender, and number; as, "The girl dresses her doll. The boy spins his top.”

Note.---The pronoun her agrees with the noun girl in person, gender, and number; and the pronoun his agrees with the noun boy in person, gender, and number.

Rule VII.-One verb governs another in the infinitive mode; as, "I longed to see you. It is time to dine."