and guilt." Ibid., 387. On March 15 the same evidence and on March 16 and 21 much the same arguments were offered in the Lords. Ibid., 421-461.

68 2. treasury extent. A writ for valuing lands to satisfy a debt to the crown.

68 10.

68 17.

quotas and contingents. Apportioned to the several states.
breaking the union. See 7 13, note.

68 20. their taste. On the very day that Lord North introduced his so-called proposition for conciliating America, February 20, he said: "I agree, Sir, that it is very probable the propositions contained in this resolution may not be acceptable to the Americans in general." P. H., 334.

certain colonies only.

See 7 13, note.

68 32.
69 4. long discourse. Three hours.

69 10. mean to spare it. Before the year 1775 closed, Burke must have spoken at least a dozen times more on America; and on November 16 he offered another bill for conciliating the colonies. P. H., 963.

69 12. steadily opposed. In nearly every debate on American affairs Burke had spoken more or less at length in behalf of the colonies.

69 27. Posita luditur arca. The chest (that is, the whole fortune) is put up as a stake. Juvenal, Satires, i, 90. See 5 26, note.

69 31.

debt. An evidence of the strength of the credit of the

government.

70 29. Ease would retract. Paradise Lost, iv, 96, 97. Burke has substituted retract for the original recant.

70 33. immense, ever-growing, eternal debt. Compare Paradise Lost, iv, 52, “The debt immense of endless gratitude.”

71 12. return in loan. "The Bengal famine of 1770 was followed by Lord North's Regulating Act, by which, in exchange for the loan of a million which the company required and the remission of the annual payment to the government of £400,000 a year, a new council was appointed by Parliament; a supreme court, of which the judges were appointed by the crown, was established; and the governor of Bengal was made governor-general of India." Low and Pulling's Dictionary of English History, London, 1884, 398, 399. The reference was well calculated to appeal to Burke's listeners, because for the last five years Parliament had spent a great deal of time over the affairs of India and the East India Company. This powerful corporation was organized in 1600 and did not finally go out of existence till 1873.

71 17.

71 26.

taxable objects. See 67 8, note.
enemies. See 18 22, note.

71 34. light as air.

Compare Othello, iii, 3, 322-324:

Trifles light as air

Are to the jealous confirmations strong

As proofs of holy writ.

links of iron. Compare Julius Caesar, i, 3, 94, 95:

Nor airless dungeon nor strong links of iron

Can be retentive to the strength of spirit.

72 2. grapple to you. Compare Hamlet, i, 3, 63: “Grapple them to thy soul with hooks of steel."

72 10.

sacred temple. See 50 10.

72 12. turn their faces. An allusion to a practice which the Jews, the "chosen race," observed of turning their faces toward Jerusalem to worship. See I Kings, viii, 44, 45: "If thy people go out to battle against their enemy, whithersoever thou shalt send them, and shall pray unto the Lord toward the city which thou hast chosen and toward the house that I have built for thy name, then hear thou in heaven their prayer and their supplication, and maintain their cause."

72 20. of price. Compare Matthew, xiii, 46: “Who, when he had found one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had and bought it." 72 28. sufferances. Permits. cockets. Sealed certificates that the

duties have been paid on goods.

73 1. spirit. Compare Aeneid, vi, 726, 727:

Spiritus intus alit; totamque infusa per artus,
Mens agitat molem, et magno se corpore miscet.

One common soul

Inspires and feeds and animates the whole.

This active mind infus'd through all the space
Unites and mingles with the mighty mass.

Dryden's Translation, 982-985.

73 6. Land Tax Act. An act annually passed for raising revenue. 73 9. Mutiny Bill. In order to keep the army under control of Parliament, two bills were passed annually: one for military supply, and the Mutiny Bill, providing for the trial of soldiers by military law.

73 17. profane herd. Compare Horace, Odes, iii, 1, 1 : "Odi profanum vulgus et arceo," I hate the profane herd and drive it from me. 73 25. all in all. Compare I Corinthians, xv, 28: "That God may be all in all."

a

73 29. auspicate. To give a favorable turn to in commencing, sense derived from the Roman practice of taking the auspicium, or inspection of birds, before entering upon any important business.

73 31. Sursum corda.

In the mass of the Church of Rome this phrase,

or in the communion service of the Church of England the equivalent, "Lift up your hearts," is used just before the priest turns to the altar to consecrate the elements.

73 34. high calling. Compare Philippians, iii, 14: "I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus."

74 9. quod felix. May it be happy and prosperous.

74 17. previous question. The motion for closing debate.

INDEX.