PREFACE. THE Age of Pope is designed to form one of a series of Handbooks, edited by Professor Hales, which it is hoped will be of service to students who love literature for its own sake, instead of regarding it merely as a branch of knowledge required by examiners. The period covered by this volume, which has had the great advantage of Professor Hales's personal care and revision, may be described roughly as lying between 1700, the year in which Dryden died, and 1744, the date of Pope's death. I believe that no work of the class will be of real value which gives what may be called literary statistics, and has nothing more to offer. Historical facts and figures have their uses, and are, indeed, indispensable; but it is possible to gain the most accurate knowledge of a literary period and to be totally unimpressed by the influences which a love of literature inspires. The first object of a guide is to give accurate information; his second and larger object is to direct the reader's steps through a country exhaustless in variety and interest. If once a passion be awakened for the study of our noble literature the student will learn to reject what is meretricious, and will turn instinctively to what is worthiest. In the pursuit he may leave his guide far behind him; but none the less will he be grateful to the pioneer who started him on his travels. If the Age of Pope proves of help in this way the wishes of the writer will be satisfied. It has been my endeavour in all cases to acknowledge the debt I owe to the authors who have made this period their study; but it is possible that a familiar acquaintance with their writings may have led me occasionally to mistake the matter thus assimilated for original criticism. If, therefore-to quote the phrase of Pope's enemy and my namesake-I have sometimes borrowed another man's thunder,' the fault of having 'made a sinner of my memory' may prove the reader's gain, and will, I hope, be forgiven. HAMPSTEAD, August, 1894. J. D. CONTENTS. II. MATTHEW PRIOR-JOHN GAY-EDWARD YOUNG- SAMUEL GARTH-AMBROSE PHILIPS-JOHN PHILIPS-NICHOLAS ROWE-AARON HILL-THOMAS PARNELL-THOMAS TICKELL-WILLIAM SOMERVILLE 125 151 IV. JOSEPH ADDISON-SIR RICHARD STEELE V. JONATHAN SWIFT-JOHN ARBUTHNOT VI. DANIEL DEFOE-JOHN DENNIS-COLLEY CIBBER- LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU-EARL CHESTERFIELD-LORD LYTTELTON-JOSEPH SPENCE 180 VII. FRANCIS ATTERBURY-LORD SHAFTESBURY - BER- NARD DE MANDEVILLE - LORD BOLINGBROKE THE AGE OF POPE. INTRODUCTION. I. THE death of John Dryden, on the first of May, 1700, closed a period of no small significance in the history of English literature. His faults were many, both as a man and as a poet, but he belongs to the race of the giants, and the impress of greatness is stamped upon his works. No student of Dryden can fail to mark the force and sweep of an intellect impatient of restraint. His 'long-resounding march' reminds us of a turbulent river that overflows its banks, and if order and perfection of art are sometimes wanting in his verse, there is never the lack of power. Unfortunately many of the best years of his life were devoted to a craft in which he was working against the grain. His dramas, with one or two noble exceptions, are comparative failures, and in them he too often 'Profaned the God-given strength, and marred the lofty line.' In two prominent respects his influence on his successors is of no slight significance. As a satirist Pope acknowledged the master he was unable to excel, and so did many of the eighteenth century versemen, who appear to have looked upon satire as the beginning and thé end of poetry. Moreover Dryden may be regarded, without much B |