oratorical culture, power, and grandeur of the high tones which enlist our astonishment and admiration in the chivalrous actor; but the deep tone in the solemn roll of its vocal might is only with the rhetorical artist. It is art, by mutual interplay, interpreting and beautifying nature. It is the evident result of the exercise and development of the muscles of the vocal organism. It is not on record that any master of the rhetorical or histrionic art was ever devoid of this attainment. The importance of acquiring this deep tone, cannot be too strongly impressed upon the student of Elocution. Its practical use is comparatively little; but it is the medium to the attainment of every other tone of which the human voice is susceptible to every note of the gamut. The attainment of it implies by far the most effective developing exercise of the organs of voice. Hence the

RULE.

Speak slowly and articulately, in the deepest tone which the voice can assume.

The acquirement of the deep tone is a physical development, more natural to some than to others; but with all it involves considerable time and persevering practice. If the voice is properly formed in the larynx, and thrown into the cavity of the mouth, the tongue, aided by several adjacent organs, will have little difficulty, if proper time be given it, in modelling the sound into inflected speech.

The most ready and efficient manner to impart to the voice elocutionary power and compass is continued practice

over the diatonic scale, now commonly adopted in teaching vocal music, both in this country and on the continent.

Beginning on the first DOH, the lines to the right should not be sung or chanted, but pronounced very slowly, firmly, and articulately, marking the tones and semitones as indicated on the diatonic scale. Any line should be able to be read in the proper and characteristic pitch at sight, and the entire eight lines ought to be practised in any individual tone at option, at least a double share of practice being always given to DOH, that tone being by far the most important in the elocutionary development of voice. It will also be an excellent practice to commence at high DOH and read down the scale. The portion read in each particular tone should be strictly a monotone. For instance, the words "Forth from the pass," &c., are a monotone, and the words "Like chaff before," &c., are a monotone a tone above the former, and so on. Other lines

may be substituted at pleasure, in some degree to relieve what may be a little irksome, but albeit very important exercise. Although it has been said that the human voice is capable of producing about twenty-four different sounds, there are, strictly speaking, only seven essentially different sounds, as, by a peculiar law of acoustics, every eighth sound is a repetition of the first, the ninth of the second, and so on, going either up or down the scale. That

Elocution may be shaken clear of the arbitrary rules which have long trammelled it, and assert its claim to be studied in the light of intelligence and science, we furnish the following remarks and illustrations on

THE VOCAL ORGANS.

The LARYNX is the organ of voice, although in the vocal modifications, and in the utterance of articulate speech, it is supplemented by other functionaries. It is situated between the trachea or windpipe and the base of the tongue, and behind forms part of the boundary of the pharynx. The larynx is narrow and cylindrical below, but broad above, where it presents the form of a triangular box. In front it presents a prominent vertical ridge of cartilage.

The cartilages of the larynx are nine in number, viz: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, two arytenoid, two cornicula laryngis, two cuneiform.

The Thyroid (úgɛos eïdos, like a shield) is the largest cartilage of the larynx. It consists of two lateral alæ united at an acute angle in front, forming a prominent vertical projection in the middle line called the pomum Adami (Adam's apple). Each ala is quadrilateral in form, the outer surface presenting an oblique ridge, which gives

attachment to the sterno-thyroid and thyro-hyoid muscles, -the portion of cartilage included between it and the posterior border to part of the inferior constrictor muscle.

The inner surface of each ala is smooth, concave, and covered by mucous membrane above and behind; but in front, in the receding angle formed by their junction, is attached the epiglottis, the true and false cordæ vocales (vocal cords), the thyro-arytenoid, and thyro-epiglottidean muscles.

The upper border of the thyroid cartilage gives attachment throughout its whole extent to the thyro-hyoid membrane.

The lower border is connected to the cricoid cartilage by the crico-thyroid membrane; and, on each side, by the crico-thyroid muscle.

The posterior borders, thick and rounded, terminate above in the superior cornua; and below in the inferior cornua. The posterior border receives the insertion of the stylo-pharyngeus and palato-pharyngeus muscles on each

side.

CARTILAGES OF THE LARYNX.

The Cricoid Cartilage is so called from its resemblance to a signet-ring (xgixos-tidos, like a ring). The narrow anterior half affords attachment in front and at the sides to the crico-thyroid muscles, and, behind those, to part of the inferior constrictor.

The broad posterior half presents in the middle line a vertical ridge for the attachment of the fibres of the œsophagus. On either side of this is a broad depression for the crico-arytenoideus posticus muscle.

The lower border of the cricoid is joined to the upper ring of the trachea by fibrous membrane.

The arytenoid cartilages are so called from the resemblance they bear, when approximated, to the mouth of a pitcher (agura-sidos, like a pitcher). They are two in number, and pyramidal in form.

The posterior surface lodges part of the arytenoid muscle.

The anterior surface gives attachment to the thyroarytenoid muscle, and to the false vocal chord.

The base of each arytenoid presents a concave smooth surface for articulation with the cricoid cartilage. The external angle receives the insertion of the posterior and lateral crico-arytenoid muscles. The anterior angle gives attachment to the true vocal chord.

The cuneiform are two small elongated cartilages, one on each side in the fold of mucous membrane, which extends from the apex of the arytenoid cartilage to the side of the epiglottis.

The epiglottis is a thin lamella of fibro-cartilage, of a yellowish colour, shaped like a leaf, and placed behind the tongue, in front of the superior opening of the larynx. When the larynx is drawn up under the base of the tongue in the act of deglutition, the epiglottis completely closes the rima glottidis, to prevent the food from being carried down into the trachea.

Three ligaments connect the thyroid cartilage with the hyoid bone.

The glottis is the narrowest part of the cavity of the larynx. It is the interval between the two true vocal cords. Its length in the male is rather less than an inch, its breadth at the broadest part varies from a third to half an inch. In the female these measurements are somewhat less.

When sound is produced, the glottis (rima glottidis) is

B