Quantum Philosophy: Understanding and Interpreting Contemporary Science

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Princeton University Press, 17.03.2002 г. - 296 страници

In this magisterial work, Roland Omnès takes us from the academies of ancient Greece to the laboratories of modern science as he seeks to do no less than rebuild the foundations of the philosophy of knowledge. One of the world's leading quantum physicists, Omnès reviews the history and recent development of mathematics, logic, and the physical sciences to show that current work in quantum theory offers new answers to questions that have puzzled philosophers for centuries: Is the world ultimately intelligible? Are all events caused? Do objects have definitive locations? Omnès addresses these profound questions with vigorous arguments and clear, colorful writing, aiming not just to advance scholarship but to enlighten readers with no background in science or philosophy.


The book opens with an insightful and sweeping account of the main developments in science and the philosophy of knowledge from the pre-Socratic era to the nineteenth century. Omnès then traces the emergence in modern thought of a fracture between our intuitive, commonsense views of the world and the abstract and--for most people--incomprehensible world portrayed by advanced physics, math, and logic. He argues that the fracture appeared because the insights of Einstein and Bohr, the logical advances of Frege, Russell, and Gödel, and the necessary mathematics of infinity of Cantor and Hilbert cannot be fully expressed by words or images only. Quantum mechanics played an important role in this development, as it seemed to undermine intuitive notions of intelligibility, locality, and causality. However, Omnès argues that common sense and quantum mechanics are not as incompatible as many have thought. In fact, he makes the provocative argument that the "consistent-histories" approach to quantum mechanics, developed over the past fifteen years, places common sense (slightly reappraised and circumscribed) on a firm scientific and philosophical footing for the first time. In doing so, it provides what philosophers have sought through the ages: a sure foundation for human knowledge.



Quantum Philosophy is a profound work of contemporary science and philosophy and an eloquent history of the long struggle to understand the nature of the world and of knowledge itself.

 

Съдържание

Classical Logic
6
Pythagoras and the Pariah
7
Plato and the Logos
10
The Logic of Aristotle and of Chrysippus
12
The Paradoxes
16
Two Useful Notions
19
The Universals
20
Classical Physics
23
With the Help of an Angel
170
Observables
173
Rudiments of a Quantum Dialect
174
Histories
177
The Role of Probabilities
178
The Logic of the Quantum World
180
Complimentary
181
A Logical Law of Physics
182

The Dawn of Mechanics
28
Newtons Dynamics
31
Waves in the Ether
36
The Beginning of Electromagnetism
39
Maxwells Equations
41
Classical Mathematics
47
Rigor and Profusion in the Nineteenth Century
53
Mathematics and Infinity
58
Classical Philosophy of Knowledge
62
Descartes and Reason
64
Locke and Empiricism
66
Cognition Sciences
67
Humes Pragmatism
69
Kant
71
THE FRACTURE
79
Formal Mathematics
84
Formal Logic
86
Symbols and Sets
88
Proposition
91
Some Remarks Regarding the Truth
93
Taming Infinity
97
Todays Mathematics
100
The Crisis in the Foundation of Set Theory
102
Godels Incompleteness Theorem
105
A Tentative Conclusion
107
The Philosophy of Mathematics
108
Mathematical Realism
111
Nominalism
116
Mathematical Sociologism
118
Mathematics and Physical Reality
121
Formal Physics
124
Relativity
126
The Relativistic Theory of Gravitation
130
The Prehistory of the Atom
134
Classical Physics in a Straitjacket
138
The Assassination of Classical Physics
140
The Harvest of Results
144
The Epistemology of Physics
147
Why Do We Need Interpretation?
148
Uncertainties
150
The Principle of Complementarity
152
The Reduction of the Wave Functions
155
FROM FORMAL BACK TO VISUAL THE QUANTUM CASE
159
Between Logic and Physics
163
The Logic of Comic Sense
165
Classical Dynamics and Determination
168
Rediscovering Common Sense
184
The Logic of Common Sense
186
Determinism
190
A First Philosophical Survey
193
From the Measurable to the Unmeasurable
196
The Decoherence Effect
199
Physical
202
Logical
204
The Direction of Time
207
Measurement Theory
208
Wave Function Reduction Revisited
209
The Chasm
211
Addendum
215
On Realism
216
Quantum Physics and Realism
221
Ordinary Reality
223
Rationality versus Realism
224
The EPR Experiment
225
Bell and Aspect
227
Controversies about Histories
230
Toward a Wider Realism
233
STATE OF THE QUESTION AND PERSPECTIVES
235
A New Beginning
237
The Beginnings of a Philosophy
239
The Religious Temptation and the Sacred
241
What Is Science?
246
On Certain Types of Laws
248
The Transformations of Science
250
Thomas Khan
252
Method
255
Which Method?
256
A FourStage Method
257
The Nature of the Four Stages
260
The Lesson of the Failed Attempts
261
Method and the Social Sciences
262
Consistency and Beauty
264
The Flexibility of Principles
266
The Thing in the World Most Evenly Distributed
267
Vanishing Perspectives
269
Logos
271
The Instauration
273
Founding Science
278
Glossary
283
Name Index
291
Subject Index
295
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Информация за автора (2002)

Roland Omnès is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Paris-Sud. His books include Understanding Quantum Mechanics and The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (both Princeton), L'Univers et ses Metamorphoses, and Introduction to Particle Physics.

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