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Opinion of the Court.

property sold to satisfy it. The court dismissed both bills, the latter on the ground that the former having been dismissed on its merits, the latter could not be maintained, because the parties litigating were both citizens of the same State. This last ruling was reversed by this court, Mr. Justice Nelson, delivering the opinion, saying: "We think that the court erred in dismissing the cross-bill. It was filed for the purpose of enforcing the judgment, which was in the Circuit Court, and could be filed in no other court, and was but ancillary to and dependent upon the original suit—an appropriate proceeding for the purpose of obtaining satisfaction." In that case the original bill was to set aside a judgment - here, to restrain an execution sale under a judgment; but this difference does not affect the principle. Where in a court of equity an apparent legal burden on property is challenged, the court has jurisdiction of a cross-bill to enforce by its own procedure such burden. The court which denies legal remedies may enforce equitable remedies for the same debt; and an application for the latter is not foreign to a bill for the former.

Again, it is objected that an amendment to the cross-bill was allowed at the hearing, which changed the nature of the issues, and was therefore improper. This is the most serious question in the case. The amendment conformed the crossbill to the proofs, and was in accord with the view of the law applicable to the facts, as indicated by the circuit judge, and as already approved by us in the fore part of this opinion; but it did work a change in the ground upon which relief was sought. The cross-bill, as originally framed, relied upon the fact that by redemption from the foreclosure sale by the mortgagor, the lien of the foreclosure decree was wholly removed, leaving the Tabor judgment as a first lien upon the property; that, by the redemption from the sale under the Tabor judgment, the bank became possessed of that lien; and that, holding that lien and its own judgment lien, it was entitled to enforce those liens in equity if not by execution at law. The misappropriation of a part of the proceeds of the $3,000,000 of bonds by the Milwaukee Company was not distinctively or separately alleged or counted on

Opinion of the Court.

as the basis of relief. The amendment introduced this matter into the cross-bill; but the fact was distinctly stated in the original bill filed by the railroad companies, for it alleged "that said lessee, with the means provided by the execution of said last-named trust deed and bonds, and the proceeds of the sale thereof, by and with the consent of your orator, the Chicago and Pacific Railroad Company, has completed the construction of the entire road authorized by its charter, from the city of Chicago to the Mississippi River, and has also constructed a bridge across the Mississippi River at or near Savanna.” And proof of this was given by the railroad companies in their evidence. The fact was thus developed by the railroad companies, both by their bill and their proofs, and the amendment to the cross-bill was simply to enable the cross-complainant to avail itself of what had been alleged and proved by the original complainants. So, although thereby was presented a new and independent basis of relief, we think it must be held that there was no error in permitting the cross-complainant to avail itself of the fact thus furnished by its adversaries.

It is also objected that after this amendment, thus introducing new issues, the defendants to the cross-bill asked leave to file an answer thereto, which was denied; but the answer which was tendered contained no defence to the matter thus presented. It averred in substance that the Milwaukee Company had expended upon the road of the Pacific Company more than the entire proceeds of the $3,000,000 of bonds, to wit, about $4,000,000; but it contained no denial of the fact that it had used, as alleged, a part of the proceeds of the . bonds in the construction of the bridge across the Mississippi River; in other words, it sought to excuse its misappropriation of a part of the proceeds of those securities by the fact that it had afterwards spent a large amount of its own money in improving the property of the Pacific Company, But that did not excuse the misappropriation, or release it from liability therefor. The misappropriation gave to the bank, at the time at which it was made, the right to pursue the misappropriated proceeds into the hands of the Milwaukee

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Opinion of the Court.

Company. That right the Milwaukee Company could not thereafter defeat by spending money on the property of the Pacific Company; and it was unnecessary to enter into any inquiry as to the reasons for this subsequent expenditure, or as to how far the necessities of its own business on the through line from Chicago to Omaha compelled further improvements on that portion of the line east of the Mississippi River.

Still again, it is objected that there was no testimony showing how much of the proceeds of these bonds was expended in the construction of the bridge across the Mississippi River. The original bill alleged that the bridge was constructed out of the proceeds of these bonds; and it might almost be assumed that the construction of a bridge across such a great river would cost far more than the amount of the bank's claims. But further in the hearing, the president of the Pacific Company (who is also the counsel in this case) was examined as a witness, and testified as to the construction of the bridge out of the proceeds of these bonds; that the Pacific Company had parted with all its property and had no earnings or income; that it was impossible for him to give any detailed statement of the manner in which the proceeds of the $3,000,000 of bonds was expended; and that he did not know whether any of the employés of either company could furnish such statement. Inasmuch, therefore, as the original bill alleged the construction of this bridge out of the proceeds of these bonds; as the answer to the amendment to the cross-bill did not deny the fact of such misappropriation, or aver that it was less than the amount of complainant's claims; and as the principal officer of the Pacific Company was unable to tell how much was thus expended, and did not know of any one who could furnish the information, we do not think the court erred in assuming that the amount of such misappropriation was in excess of the bank's claims, and rendering a decree accordingly.

We see no error in the record and the decree is therefore

Affirmed.

Opinion of the Court.

BANIGAN v. BARD.

ERROR TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT.

No. 1354. Submitted January 8, 1890.- - Decided March 17, 1890.

An officer in a corporation who is leading in its management, who is active in securing the passage of a resolution authorizing an issue of preferred stock, who subscribes for such stock and pays his subscription and takes his certificate and votes upon it at shareholders' meetings for over two years, and induces others to take such stock, cannot, when the company becomes insolvent, recover back the money paid by him on his subscription, on the ground that the statutes of the State only authorized an issue of general shares.

THE case is stated in the opinion.

Mr. Tilton E. Doolittle for plaintiff in error.

Mr. Jeremiah Halsey for defendant in error.

MR. JUSTICE MILLER delivered the opinion of the court.

This is a writ of error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Connecticut. The suit was brought by Charles Bard, receiver of the Hayward Rubber Company, which was a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Connecticut, and located in the town of Colchester in the county of New London. Being in an insolvent condition its affairs were placed in the hands of said Bard as receiver for the purpose of winding it up. Bard brought this suit in his character of receiver, in the Superior Court of New London County, and, on the application of Banigan, it was removed into the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Connecticut. The case was heard there by the court without the intervention of a jury, upon a stipulation by the parties that this should be done.

There is filed in the record what purports to be a finding of facts and opinion of the court, 39 Fed. Rep. 13, in which the

Opinion of the Court.

opinion and the statement of the evidence are mingled together in a way which it is difficult to separate, and which, if there were any objection to it, might not be found in accordance with sections 649 and 700 of the Revised Statutes of the United States. But as there does not seem to be any controversy about the special finding of facts, and as there is a bill of exceptions in the case which very fairly presents the only question at issue, we proceed to examine into it.

It appears that the Hayward Rubber Company prior to the year 1879 had been a profitable concern and paid large dividends, its last being made in 1881. Thereafter its business deteriorated and became unprofitable. Its capital stock was $400,000, and the par value of its shares was $25 each. In January, 1883, the stockholders, in endeavoring to secure some competent person to oversee and direct the management of its business, entered into negotiation with defendant, Banigan, who was president and general agent of the Woonsocket Rubber Company, and who was a well-known and successful manufacturer, the result of which was that they sold him four hundred shares of the stock at $12.50 per share. Mr. Banigan was appointed general agent of the company by the directors, and had full control of the manufactory, subject to their approval. He entered upon the oversight of the business, laid out and arranged for new buildings, bought new machinery, ordered new lasts, tools, rolls and cutting machinery, and had automatic sprinklers put in the mill, all at an expense of some $120,000.

In March, 1885, a committee of the directors, of which Mr. Banigan was a member, sent out a circular recommending an increase of the capital by the issue of preferred stock to the amount of $100,000, saying that it was advisable to have a unanimous vote in favor of the proposition, asking for proxies, and enclosing resolutions which were to be submitted to a stockholders' meeting, April 2, 1885. This meeting authorized the issue of preferred stock to the amount of $100,000, entitled to cumulative dividends at 8 per cent per annum, which issue took precedence of all dividends on the common stock and any future additions thereto. The order in regard

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