France as well as any man in England; and that we% by our successes, were repaid for our expence; that it was wrong and unjust to represent Great Britain in so deplorable a state as unable to carry on the war, (for there were always strangers in the gallery who wrote to their friends in Holland an account of what passed in that place, and the Dutch forwarded it to the French); that it was well known England never was better able to support a war than at present; that the money for this year was raised, and he would answer for it, if we wanted sifteen or twenty millions for next year, we might have it; he therefore strongly recommended the million desired; that he knew the cry which had been propagated for these three ydars, You won't be able to raise money to continue the war another year; and yet we all saw the contrary.—He afsirmed, that one campaign might have sinished the War, (alluding to his own proposal of demanding a categorical answer from Spain). And in answer to the Gentleman * who had said, that the complaints of the Portuguese merchants had not been attended to, he insisted, that so sar from it, he had spent many nights in considering them; and reseired that Gentleman to what had passed between him and the ambassador of the court of Portugal; but they had been abandoned since. He then recommended union and harmony to the ministry, and declared against altercation, which, he said, was no way to carry on the public business, and urged the necessity of prosecuting the war with vigour, as the only way to obtain an honourable, solid, and lasting peace; and proved, from the readiness with which supplies had been granted, there would be little danger of a stop on that account, so long as the money was properly applied, and attended with success. He said, he wished to save Portugal, not by an ill-timed and penurious, but by a most efsicacious and adequate assistance.

The session closed on the second of June, <7&2.

* Mr. Glover.

The

The desence of Portugal was undertaken, Cha*.

• XXI

without making any stipulations in behalf of s-^/^

our merchants, which the opportunity so amply 1762. afforded, and who had presented several memorials to the courts of London and Lisbon, complaining of the injustice of the last. So sar from Lord Ty. taking the least notice of ihese complaints, Lord Z^tetg Tyrawley was lent to Lisbon, in the character of Lisbon, ambasfador. He was, perhaps, the only gentleman in the British dominions to whom that court, at another time, would have made an exception. At this moment the court of Lisbon was under the necessity ot being silent. Upon .a former occasion Lord Tyrawley had rendered himself particularly ofsensive at Lisbon; and he seems to have been selected on this occasion, certainly not from motives of friendship to that court, although it was the most savourable period for establishing every necessary commercial stipulation, with clearness and precision. '. . .

Vol. I. R CHAP.

Chap. xxir.

'Resolution of the British Cabinet to make peace—* Subsidy to Prussia refused—Negotiation with the •..-:."._ Court of Petersbwgh, and with the Court of Vienna—Both made known to the King of Prussia— . Negotiation with the Court of Turin—Anecdote of the peace os Aix ia Chapelle—Pension granted to the Sardinian Minister—Privy Purse and Secret . Service—Alterations in the British Ministry—Lord Bute Minister—His Brother at Court—-Interesting

. particulars of the negotiation between Great liri3> fain and France-^-Lord Bute's wealth—Examination of Dr4 Mufgrave—Union of the Duke of [Bedford and Mr. Grenville—Dismission of the

« Duke of Devonfoire—Anecdote of the Duke. of Newcastle and Lord Grenville.

Xxii' Notwithstanding the British arms

N-^-y—^/ continued successsul in every quarterof the world, 1762. yet it was the sirm and unalterable resolution of olio's "he l':e British cabinet to make peace with the utBridstica- most expedition. By the partial use which had wake'0 Deen made of the press, already mentioned in peace. Chap. XIX. the people of England became divided in opinion on the subject of continuing the war. The Scottish nation were nearly unanimous in support of Lord Bute. The British ca

binet were influenced by the same principles, Chap. and probably by" the same means, which governed ^~^ the Tory cabinet of Queen Anne, at thi time of 176a..., making the peace of Utrecht.

The sirst consideration of the noble Lord who - ;- L. now guided the King's councils, was to reduce the King of Prussia to the necessity of concurring in .. .,., ,» his pacisic disposition. For this purpose, the ... subsidy, which, according to treaty, had been an ptuffiarenually paid to Prussia was this year refused, con- sufed> trary to the most solemn engagements, and in direct breach of the national saith—nor, indeed, by an open and manly negative in the sirst instance; but after an insinite number of promises of the money, and evasive answers to the Prussian resident in London, from the month of January to the month of May, 1762. The cruelty of this sport in the British minister was embittered by the perilous situation of the King, surrounded by hosts of enemies, and difappointed of the only assistance he had a right to estimate, in his ,

preparations for the succeeding campaign. How-
.ever, his good fortune did not abandon him; for
in the same moment that Great Britain became
his enemy, Russia became his friend, the Em-
press Elizabeth died, and the Emperor Peter III.
immediately withdrew from the alliance against
him: So that the design of the British cabinet in
the resusal of the subsidy, was not accomplished.
But though not accomplished, it was not aban- *
doned: As soon as it was known in London, that
the Emperor Peter III. was preparing to withdraw
R 2 himself

Ciiat. himself from the alliance against the Kingof Prussia, ^j^c^lj the. British cabinet immediately opened a nego1762. ciation with the court of Peterfburgh, to prevent, JSTegoc!a- if possible, a separate peace being made between tion with the new Emperor and the King of Prussia In of'peters-tms negociati°ni it was insinuated to the court of burgh. Peterfburgh, in very strong terms, that the British court would behold with great concern, his ..-'.- Imperial Majesty withdrawing from his alliance with the Empress-Queen, and recalling his armies from their co-operation with the troops of the House of Austria—that it was not the wish of the British court to see the House of Brandenburg!) aggrandized at the expence of the house of Austria.

And from an apprehension that this negociation might not be sufficient to answer the purpose, the plan of another negociation was formAnd with ed, and the execution attempted by the most the Court humilating introduction. This was with the 'court of Vienna. To that haughty court, offers in the utmost degree degrading on the part of Great Britain were made. A renewal of the connexion between that court and Great Britain, was solicited in terms of supplication. The most earnest assurances were made, that the British cabinet never desired to see the power of Prussia encreased, by a diminution of the House of Austria—that, on the contrary, the British cabinet would rather see the power of Prussia revert to its primitive electoral state. And to prevent an.y suspicion of dissimulation, this proposed alliance

between