the time of the Northmen; and yet it is altogether probable that the Northmen visited America at a very early time." T. W. Higginson.

"I will not enter into a discussion of the point. It is sufficiently well established for the purpose of a ballad; though doubtless many an honest citizen of Newport, who has passed his days within sight of the Round Tower, will be ready to exclaim with Sancho, God bless me! did I not warn you to have a care of what you were doing, for that it was nothing but a windmill; and nobody could mistake it, but one who had the like in his head.'" Longfellow.

And who has not seen, 'mid the summer's gay crowd,

That old pillared tower of their fortalice proud,

How it stands solid proof of the sea chicftains' reign

Ere came with Columbus those galleys of
Spain?
A. C. Core.

Old Swan. An old London tavern, Thames Street, in existence as early as 1323, burnt in the Great Fire of 1666, and afterwards rebuilt.

Old Swedes' Church. An ancient and quaint church edifice in Wilmington, Del., founded in 1698, with contributions from William Penn, Queen Anne, and others. Old Swedes' Church. An ancient and venerable church edifice in Philadelphia, Penn. It was built in 1700, occupying the site of a still older log church, and was the place of worship of the Swedes prior to the arrival of William Penn.

Old Téméraire. See FIGHTING TÉMÉRAIRE.

Old Wagon. See UNITED STATES.

Old Witch House. See WITCH HOUSE.

Oliveto, Monte. See MONTE OLI

sculptor, for the Temple of Jupi ter at Elis.

Olympic, The. 1. A theatre near the Strand, London.

2. A vaudeville and varieties theatre in New York City.

Olympieum. A magnificent temple to the Olympian Zeus in Athens, Greece. The Athenians began this temple in the first period of their greatness, the Greek princes of Asia continued it, Augustus left it unfinished, and, 650 years after it was begun, Hadrian completed and dedicated it. During the Dark Ages it served as a quarry of building-stone for the Athenians. Fifteen lofty Corinthian columns of Pentelic marble, rising to a height of more than 60 feet, are now standing as the remains of this colossal temple. Livy speaks of this temple as the only one in the world undertaken upon a scale commensurate with the majesty of the god."

66

Ophelia. A picture by John Everett Millais (b. 1827), the English painter.

Or San Michele. A celebrated church in Florence, Italy, erected towards the close of the fourteenth century. The name is derived from the Horreum, or granary of St. Michael, the first building on the site having been used as a storehouse for corn.

"Or San Michele would have been a world's wonder, had it stood alone, and not been companioned with such wondrous rivals that its own ex

ceeding beauty scarce ever receives full justice. Surely that square-set strength, as of a fortress towering against the clouds, and catching the last light always on its fretted parapet, and everywhere embossed and enriched with foliage and tracery and figures of saints, and the shadows of vast arches, and the light of niches gold-starred and filled with divine forms, is a gift so perfect to the whole world, that, passing it, one should need say a prayer for the great Taddeo's soul." Pascarel, Trans.

Here and there an unmistakable antiquity stands in its own impressive shadow; the church of Or San Michele, for instance, once a market, but which grew to be a church by some inherent fitness and inevitable consecration. Hawthorne.

Oratoire. A French Protestant

church in the Rue St. Honoré and Rue de Rivoli, Paris, originally erected in 1630 for the priests of the Oratory.

Order of Fools. An association founded in 1381 by Adolphus, Count of Cleves. It consisted of gentlemen of the highest rank and character, and their object was the promotion of benevolence and charity.

Ordinance, The. A picture by Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier (b. 1811), the French painter.

Ordre, Tour d'. See TOUR D'ORDRE.

Oread, The. A seminary in Worcester, Mass. The buildings are of stone.

Oriel College. A noted college in Oxford, England, founded about 1326, one of the 19 colleges included in the University. Orient, L'. A French vessel, the blowing-up of which formed a decisive point in the Battle of the Nile. Án incident connected with the destruction of the vessel is commemorated by Mrs. Hemans in her well-known poem of Casabianca," which begins:

"The boy stood on the burning deck." Young Casabianca, a boy 13 years old, son of the commander, remained at his post after the

ship had taken fire and all the guns had been abandoned, and was blown up with the vessel when the flames reached the magazine.

Oriental Club. A London club, established in 1824 by Sir John Malcolm. The Alfred Club joined the Oriental in 1855.

Oriente, Plaza de. See PLaza de ORIENTE.

Orleans House. The former residence of Louis Philippe, and afterwards of his son, the Duc d'Aumale, at Twickenham, near London.

Orloff Diamond. This great diamond of the sceptre of Russia is said to weigh 193 carats. It was once the eye of an Indian idol. Catherine II. bought it, in 1775, for £90,000, with the addition of an annuity of £4,000, and a patent of nobility.

"For a time supposed to be the largest in the world. It turns out to be smaller than the Koh-i-nor, though (to my eyes at least) of a purer water." Bayard Taylor.

Eye of a god was this blazing stone,
Beyond the snows of the Himalaya.
E. D. Proctor.

Orpheus. A statue by Thomas
Crawford (1814-1857). In the Mu-
seum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mass.
Orpheus, The. A British steam

corvette which foundered off the coast of New Zealand, Feb. 7, 1863, with a loss of nearly two hundred lives.

Orpheus charming the Animal World. A picture by Paul Potter (1625-1654), the Dutch painter, and one of his most admired works. It is now in the Amsterdam Museum.

Orr's Island. A small island in Casco Bay, near Harpswell, Me., made familiar by Mrs. H. B. Stowe's story, "The Pearl of Orr's Island."

Orsay, Palais d'. This palace, op posite the Tuileries Gardens, one of the most imposing in Paris, was begun by Napoleon I., and

completed by Louis Philippe. It cost more than half a million sterling, and the interior is adorned with beautiful frescos and paintings. The building was designed for exhibiting the works of industry of France, but under the Republic it was used for the sittings of the Cours des Comptes and the Conseil d'Etat.

Our English Coasts. A picture by William Holman Hunt (b. 1827), and regarded as one of his master-pieces. Painted in 1853. Our Lady of Loreto. See SANTA

CASA.

See

Our Lady of Walsingham. SHRINE OF OUR LADY OF WALSINGHAM.

TASEN.

Orto del Paradiso. [Garden of Paradise.] A chapel, so called from its remarkable splendor, in the Church of Santa Prassede in Rome. It contains the famous relic one of chief objects of pilgrimage in Rome-the coluinn to which the Saviour is said to have been bound. The column, which is of blood jasper, is said to have been obtained from the Saracens by Giovanni Colonna, cardinal of this church. The present name of the chapel (Colonna Santa) is derived from this relic.

Osborne House. The sea-shore residence of Queen Victoria, situated in the Isle of Wight, in the immediate neighborhood of East Cowes. At the corner of the palace is a massive tower which is a conspicuous object for miles around, and affords a magnificent view.

Osgoode Hall. A fine structure in Toronto, the capital of Ontario, Can. It contains the superior law courts of the province.

"The Osgoode Hall is to Upper Canada what the Four Courts are to Ireland. The law courts are all held there." Anthony Trollope. Ostiensis, Porta. See PORTA OS

TIENSIS.

Otsego Hall. The old mansion of the Cooper family in Cooperstown, N.Y. It was destroyed by fire in 1854.

Otsgaragee Cavern. See Howe's CAVE.

Ouen, St. See ST. OUEN.

the Parliament House in Edinburgh, Scotland, is now known. See PARLIAMENT HOUSE. Overland Route. A name frequently applied to the new and shorter route between England and India via the Suez Canal. A mail-route by the way of the Isthmus of Suez was established by Lieut. Waghorn, in 1847, effecting a saving in time of 13 days. The term was also formerly applied to the direct route from the Eastern States to California.

Oxford and Cambridge Club. A club in London, for members of these two universities. The clubhouse in Pall Mall was finished in 1838. There are 500 members from each university.

Oxford Arms. A quaint and celebrated old London inn in Warwick Lane. It was destroyed in 1877.

These are to notify that Edward Bartlett. has removed his inn in London to the Oxford Arms, in Warwick Lane, where he did inn before the Fire. London Gazette, 1672-73.

Oxford Marbles. See ARUNDELIAN MARBLES.

Oxford Street. A well-known

street in London, a mile and a half in length, and extending westward to Hyde Park corner.

"It is the longest, broadest, and in a certain sense the most important thoroughfare in London. . . . It is, however, really the continuation of a great street, which runs very directly through London from east to west, and which is called successively, beginning at the east, Mile End, Whitechapel Road, Aldgate High Street, Leadenball Street, Cornhill, Cheapside, New

gate Street, Skinner Street, Holborn, Oxford Street." Richard Grant White.

"The various, shifting, motley group that belong to Oxford Street, and to Oxford Street alone! What thoroughfares equal thee in the variety of human specimens! in the choice of objects for remark, satire, admiration! Besides, the other streets seem chalked out for a sect, narrow-minded and devoted to a coterie. Thou alone art catholic - all receiving." N. P. Willis.

My good people, I hardly see you. You

Pacific, The. A steamer belonging to the Collins line, plying between New York and Liverpool. She left the latter port Jan. 23, 1856, with nearly 200 persons on board, and was never heard from afterwards.

Paddington. A now populous district of London.

Pitt is to Addington,

As London is to Paddington.

Canning. Paddock Elms. A row of stately elms which, until recently, stood before the Old Granary Buryingground in Boston, Mass. They were brought from England and planted by Capt. Adino Paddock, a loyalist, about 1762. During the British occupation of the city they were well cared for and protected, but within a few years have been cut down.

We walked under Mr. Paddock's row of English elms. The gray squirrels were out looking for their breakfasts; and one of them came toward us in light, soft, intermittent leaps, until he was close to the rail of the burial-ground. Holmes.

Pæstum, Roses of. See ROSES OF PÆSTUM.

Painted Chamber. A room of historical interest in the Old Palace at Westminster, so called from its having been painted by order of Henry III. It was hung with tapestries representing the siege of Troy. In this room Parliament sat for a time. The building was taken down in 1852. Painter in his Studio. An admired picture by Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier (b. 1811).

Painting. See HISTORY OF PAINT

ING.

Pair, The. See MEMNON.

Paix, Ile de. See ILE DE PAIX. Paix, Rue de la. One of the prin

cipal streets of Paris, extending from the Place Vendôme to the Boulevart des Capucines. Here are some of the most elegant shops in Paris, over which are fashionable residences and hotels.

Nay, it was said that his victories were not confined to the left bank of the Seine; reports did occasionally come to us of fabulous adventures by him, accomplished in the far regions of the Rue de la Paix. Thackeray.

There is a little Jewess hanging about the Louvre, who begs with her dark eyes very eloquently; and in the Rue de la Paix there may be found at all hours a melancholy, sick-looking, Italian boy, with his hand in his bosom, whose native language and picture-like face are a diurnal pleasure N. P. Willis.

to me.

Palace of the Cæsars. A mass of ruins upon the Palatine Hill, in Rome, being all that now remains of the extensive buildings erected by Augustus Cæsar and succeeding emperors for the imperial residence. The palace of Augustus, built upon the site of the houses of Hortensius, Cicero, Catiline, and Claudius, was the first Palace of the Cæsars. It was enlarged in different directions by Tiberius and by Caligula, and the Golden House of Nero with its grounds spread over the Esquiline and Coelian hills, as well as the Palatine. Vespasian afterward contracted the limits of the immense edifice, and Titus made use of part of the foundations upon the Esquiline in building his Baths. The Palace of the Cæsars was repeatedly altered and rebuilt by the different succeeding emperors, and these various changes have all combined to make a most confused mass of ruins. See GOLDEN HOUSE.