I wish I were where Helen lies!
Night and day on me she cries.
Oh that I were where Helen lies
On fair Kirkconnell Lee!

Kit-Kat Club. A celebrated association in London, founded about the year 1700, and said to have

derived its name from a certain Christopher Katt, a mutton-pieman or pastry-cook, at whose house in Shire Lane the meetings of the club are supposed to have been first held. It was the chief society for the leaders among the Whigs, and originally consisted of 39 noblemen and gentlemen known for their warm attachment to the house of Hanover. The Duke of Marlborough, Sir Robert Walpole, Addison, Steele, and many other noted men of the time were members; and the reputation of the club is literary and artistic as well as political. Here "used to meet many of the finest gentlemen and choicest wits of the days of Queen Anne and the first George. Halifax has conversed and Somers unbent, Addison mellowed over a bottle, Congreve flashed his wit, Vanbrugh let loose his easy humor, Garth talked and rhymed." Ward, who claims that the pieman was named Christopher, and that he lived at the sign of the Cat and Fiddle, in Gray's-Inn Lane, says, "the cook's name being Christopher, for brevity called Kit, and his sign being the Cat and Fiddle, they very merrily derived a quaint denomination from puss and her master, and from thence called themselves of the Kit-Kat Club." Others say that the club derived its name from the pie itself and not from the maker of the pie, the pies being a regular dish at the suppers of the club.

Whence deathless Kit-Kat took his name, Few critics can unriddle;

Kits Coity - House. A famous cromlech near Aylesford, Kent, England. By some thought to have been a sepulchral monument to the memory of Catigern, who, with Horsa, was killed here in battle A.D. 455. The monument is now destroyed. Knife-grinder. See ARROTINO, L'. Knight, Death, and the Devil. A celebrated engraving by Albert Dürer (1471-1528), the German painter and engraver. It has been pronounced "the most important work which the fantastic spirit of German art has ever produced... We see a solitary knight riding through a dark glen; two demons rise up before him, the horrible figure of Death on the lame horse, and the bewildering apparition of the Devil. But the knight, prepared for combat wherever resistance can avail, .. looks steadily forward on the path he has chosen, and allows these creations of a delusive dream to sink again into their visionary kingdom. The masterly execution of the engraving is well known." The print bears date 1513.

...

Knight. See VISION OF A KNIGHT. Knockgraffon, Moat of. See MOAT

OF KNOCKGRAFFON.

Knowle Park. A fine old castellated mansion near London, in the county of Kent.

"Parts of it date from the time of King John, and none of it is more recent than the time of Henry VIII. It is very extensive, few old castles being so large; and it has an awful hard, grim, feudal look, so slight have been the changes made in it."

George Ticknor. Knowsley Hall (Park). A splendid baronial mansion, the seat of the Earl of Derby, in Lancashire, England. It contains some cele brated art-treasures.

Kohinoor, The. [Mountain of Light.] A celebrated diamond found in the mines of Golconda, India. Its original weight was 793 carats, which by unskilful cutting was reduced to 186. Having been recut in Amsterdam, 1852, it was still further reduced to 106 carats, which is its present weight. This diamond, which for a long time was a chief feature in the treasury of Delhi, passed into the hands of the British in 1849, and was presented to Queen Victoria, June 3, 1850.

More than the diamond Koh-i-noor, which glitters among their crown-jewels, they [the English] prize that dull pebble which is wiser than a man, whose poles turn themselves to the poles of the world, and whose axis is parallel to the axis of the world. Emerson.

To have and to hold for one's own property one of the largest diamonds ever discovered, is no doubt a magnificent possession: but in a purely artistic sense I prefer the original Koh-i-noor, worn on the arm of Runjeet Sing as he sat "crosslegged in his golden chair, dressed in simple white, with a single string of huge pearls round his waist," to the Koh-i-noor cut and pared down to mathematical symmetry by English lapidaries, with a loss of one-third of its weight. C. L. Eastlake. Cracking up Boston folks, said the gentleman with the diamond-pin, whom, for convenience' sake, I shall hereafter call the Koh-i-noor. Holmes.

Kohlmarkt, The. [The Cabbage Market.] A well-known and fine street in Vienna, Austria.

The Toledo of Naples, the Corso of Rome, the Kohl-market of Vienna, the Rue de la Paix and Boulevards of Paris, have each impressed me strongly with their magnificence; but they are really nothing to Regent Street. N. P. Willis. Königgrätz Strasse. [Königgrätz Street.] A well-known street in Berlin, Prussia.

Königsbau. See NEW PALACE.
Königsstuhl. [King's Seat.]

A

vaulted hall near the town of Rhense on the Rhine, once the place of assembly for the electors of the German empire. The building now standing is chiefly mod

ern.

Königsstein. [King's Stone.] 1. A celebrated fortress in Saxony, situated at a height of about 780 feet above the river Elbe. It has been regarded as impregnable,

both on account of its isolated position with regard to other commanding heights (the Lilienstein and Pfaffenstein are about 1 miles distant), and from the extreme steepness of the escarpments by which it is surrounded. It is approached by a sloping path cut in the rock, and by a slanting wooden bridge which can be removed in time of war. Water for the fortress is obtained from a well 613 feet deep, cut in the solid rock. The valuable works of art of Saxony owe their preservation to the fortress of Königstein, and treasures of various kinds have often been placed here for safe keeping. Frederick Augustus II. made the fortress a retreat in the time of the Seven Years' War.

2. A ruined fortress which stands high above the banks of the Rhine. The castle was demolished by the French in 1796.

Kratzer, Nicholas. A picture by Hans Holbein the Younger (14981543), the German painter. It is in the Louvre, París.

Kremlin, The. A hill and quarter in Moscow, Russia, containing an imposing collection of buildings, palaces, churches, and towers, surrounded by a wall sixty feet in height and nearly a mile in circumference. Among the principal buildings are the old and new palaces of the czars, the Cathedral of St. Michael, the Church of the Assumption, the tower of Ivan Veliki, and the Church of St. Basil. The old palace of the the Terema, or balcony, forms the rear wing of the new palace [Granovitaya Palata]. The former was mainly destroyed in the fire of 1812 during the French occupation of the city, the latter was built in 1816. See IVAN VELIKI, ST. BASIL, etc.

czars,

"If Moscow is the Mecca of the Russians, the Kremlin is its Kaaba. Within its ancient walls is gathered all that is holiest in religion or most cherished in historical tradition. . . . Its very gates are protected by miracles, and the peasant from a distant province enters them with much the same feeling

"Every city in Russia had its Kremlin, as every one in Spain had its Alcazar; and all were adorned with walls deeply machicolated, and interspersed with towers. Within were enclosed five-domed churches and belfries, just as at Moscow, though on a scale proportionate to the importance of the city." Fergusson.

Mind that I gild the Invalides To match the Kremlin Dome. Walter Thornbury. The bells that rock the Kremlin tower Like a strong wind, to and fro,Silver sweet in its topmost bower, And the thunder's boom below.

E. D. Proctor.

Kubbet es Sukhrah. [The Dome of the Rock.] See MOSQUE OF OMAR.

Kuhstall. A remarkable natural

arch through a rocky wall or rampart 150 feet thick, in the region known as the Saxon Switzerland, near its capital, Schandau. The place is said to derive its name from having been used by the mountaineers as a hidingplace for their cattle in time of

war.

trian stronghold near Winterthur, Switzerland. The regalia of the empire was formerly kept

here.

Kyffhäuser, The. A famous ruined castle, crowning an eminence in Thuringia, underneath which, in a vault, the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa is fabled to lie enchanted

The ancient Barbarossa,

Friedrich, the Kaiser great,
Within the castle-cavern
Sits in enchanted state.
He did not die; but ever

Waits in the chamber deep,
Where, hidden under the castle,
He sat himself, to sleep.
The splendor of the empire
He took with him away,
And back to earth will bring it
When dawns the chosen day.
Rückert, Trans.

Far within the lone Kyffhäuser,
With a lamp red glimmering by,
Sits the aged Emperor Frederick,
At a marble table nigh.

Emanuel Geibel, Trans.
Full darkly loomed Kyffhäuser
Through fog which slowly broke,
When first the spellbound Kaiser
From his long sleep awoke.

Ferdinand Freiligrath, Trans.

"The smaller temple of the Lady of Aboshek,'- Athor, - beside the large one, is very striking, as seen from the river. The six statues on the façade stand out boldly between buttresses; and their reclining backwards against the rock has a curious effect." Miss Martineau. Lady with the Lute. An admired picture in Alnwick Castle, England. It was formerly ascribed to Giorgione, but is now attributed to Jacopo Palma, called Palma Vecchio (1480-1528).

Lafayette. A well-known bust of the marquis, executed by the French sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon (1741-1828) for the Capitol at Richmond, Va.

Lafayette College. A collegiate establishment in Easton, Penn. It was founded in 1826, and is well endowed.

Lafayette, Fort. See FORT LA

FAYETTE.

Lafayette Park.

A public square

in St. Louis, Mo. Lafayette Square. A beautiful park in Washington. It contains a colossal equestrian statue of Gen. Jackson.

Lafitte. A farmhouse or small château in the vine district of Médoc, on the Garonne, below Bordeaux. Here is produced the celebrated wine known as Chateau Lafitte, which is sometimes sold as high as $25 a bottle. The estate is the property of Baron Rothschild. The annual yield of the vineyard does not exceed 400 hogsheads.

Lafitte, Rue. A street in Paris,

so called from M. Lafitte, once a well-known banker and politician. It was formerly known as the Rue d'Artois. Here some of the richest bankers live; and here the Rothschilds have two hôtels, which are among the finest private residences in the city. Lahneck. A well-known ruined

fortress of medieval times in the neighborhood of Coblenz, on the Rhine. The poet Goethe has commemorated it in his "Geister Gruss."

Lais Corinthiaca. [The Corinthian Lais.] A picture by Hans Holbein the Younger (1498-1543), the German painter, representing a beautiful young girl in elegant dress, professedly the portrait of a member of the Offenburg family. It is in the Basle Gallery. Lake Country or District. The general name by which the counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland in England are often known from the picturesque lakes with which they are interspersed, and also familiar from their association with the so-called Lake School of poets and writers, of which Wordsworth, Southey, Coleridge, Lamb, and Wilson may be taken as representatives. Those who travel much in the "Lake District can readily trace the course of the chivalrous Baron. J. F. Hunnewell. Lake Moris. A celebrated reservoir which was situated in the centre of the plateau of the Fyoóm, Egypt, serving to store up the water of the Nile during the inundation, and to afterwards distribute it through canals over the land during the dry season.

4 Herodotus, who speaks of it as being "in the neighborhood of Crocodilopolis," says: "Wonderful as is the labyrinth, the work called the Lake of Maris, which is close by the labyrinth, is yet more astonishing. The measure of its circumference is 3,600 furlongs, which is equal to the entire length of Egypt along the sea-coast. The lake stretches in its longest direction from north to south, and in its deepest parts is of the depth of 50 fathoms. It is manifestly an artificial excavation; for nearly in the centre stand two pyra mids, rising to the height of 300 feet above the surface of the water, and extending as far beneath, each crowned with a colossal statue sitting upon a throne. The water of the lake does not come out of the ground, which is here excessively dry, but is introduced by a canal from the Nile. The current sets for six months into the lake from the river, and for the next six months into the river from the lake." This great work was built by Amenemha III. of the twelfth dynasty, who is thought to have also built the labyrinth. Lake Maris is not to be confounded with the natural lake Birket el Korn, with which it probably commu nicated during the inundation.