T as in Tin.-Aspirate.

Bring the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth, stopping the breath from passing outward for an instant, then allowing it to pass in a зlight puff.

Deed, feed; din, hid; date, made; debt, fed; dare; dapper, mad; dauntless; dance; dearth; dumb, mud; daw, laud; don, pod; dole, load; adore; ado, mood; would; duty, mewed; dine, pride; doubt, proud; daily, avoid.

N as in Need.-Liquid Sub-vocal.

Same position of the tongue and lips as in producing t and d, but allowing the voice to pass through the nose.

Knee, mean; knit, pin; nail, pane; nest, pen; knack, fan; prance; nurture; nun, pun; naught, pawn; nod, on; note, loan; noose, loon; nook; newt, June; night, line; knout, sound; annoy, join.

Ch as in Chin.-Aspirate.

This may be regarded as a double consonant, made up of t and sh, and requiring the positions of those letters.

Cheap, peach; chin, witch; change; chess, stretch; chap, catch; char, arch; chance; churl; chuck, Dutch; chaw, debauch; chock, watch; chose, roach; chore; chew; chime; chowchow, vouch; choice.

CONSONANTS.

23

J as in Judge.-Sub-vocal.

A double consonant, made up of d and zh.

Genius, siege; gin, ridge; jail, page; jet, wedge; jangle, badger; jar; journey; jug, budge; jaw; job, hodge-podge; jovial, gamboge; juice, huge; giant, obliging; jounce, gouge; join.

L as in Lip.-Liquid Sub-vocal.

The front of the tongue is raised against the upper gums, and the voice is allowed to escape at the sides of the tongue.

R as in Leer, Reel.-Liquid Sub-vocal.

The tip of the tongue is reversed or curled backward, and the breath escapes at the sides. When the tip of the tongue is vibrated, it produces the trill or rough r, which may be produced before a vowel heard in the same syllable, but never after the vowel.

Sh as in She.-Aspirate.

The front of the tongue is lifted toward the roof of the mouth, so that the lower surface of the tongue will be facing the teeth.

Zh as in Azure.-Sub-vocal.

Leisure; elysium; measure; mirage; rouge; usual.

Has in Hand.- Aspirate.

The sound of h will be produced by emitting the breath with some force, with the mouth in either of the vowel positions.

Heel, hit, hale, head, hair, hat, heart, hasp, heard, hut, hawk, hot, hose, hoar, hoot, hook, hew, high, how, hoyden.

CONSONANTS.

K as in Kick.—Aspirate.

Bring the back of the tongue against the soft palate.

Keen, speak; kin, pick; cake, bake; neck; care; cart; cast; curtain; cub, luck; call, balk; cod, dock; coal, spoke; core, cool; cook, book; cure, duke; kind, pike; cowl, coin.

25

G as in Gig.-Sub-vocal.

Gear, fatigue; give, fig; gaze, plague; get, peg; garret, rag; garment; aghast; girl, berg; gust, rug;

gauze; gong, bog; ghost; gore; ghoul; good; guy; gout.

Ng as in Song.-Sub.vocal.

but

The tongue is placed in the position of k or g, the pressure is gentle, so that the veil of the palate can fall and allow the voice to pass through the

nose.

Fling, slang, bung, wrong.

The consonant C is equivalent to s, as in cease; or to k, as in cove. It usually has the sound of s before e, i, and y, and the sound of k before a, o, u, l, r, and t.

Jis the equivalent of g soft, as in judge.

Q has the sound of k, as in quick.

X has the sound of ks, as in six; or of gz, as in exact. It has the sound of ks before an aspirate or an unaccented vowel, as in expect, maxim; and the sound of gz before an accented vowel, as in exalt.

1. Liquid and Single Aspirate.

Help, elf, health, else, felt, Welsh, milk; lamp, nymph, dreamt;

ninth, dance, tent,-strength, ink;

sharp, turf, earth, purse, heart, harsh, hark.

Alps, gulped, gulfs, twelfth, ingulfed;

lamps, stamped, triumphs, tempts ;

tenths, against, prints,-lengths, ring'st;

harps, warped, serfs, earth's, first, carts, march