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to him, but became his enemy, and would even have stripped him, and his troops, of all the spoils they had brought from Perfia.

A man of Xenophon's character, could not, without juft indignation, behold fuch perfidy and injustice; fo that, being quite fick of the Thracian court and fervice, he left his foldiers to the care and command of Thimbro the Lacedemonian General, who was fent against Tiffaphernes and Pharnabazus, to deliver the Afiatic cities from the Perfian yoke. He next croffed over to Lampfacus; where the Phliafian prieft, Euclides, who came to congratulate him on his fafe return, took the liberty to afk him, how much gold he had brought with him? Xenophon readily answered, with an oath, that he had not enough left to car ry him home, (for the Athenians had not yet banished him), unless he fold his horfe and equipage. The Lampfacians, however, fent him the ufual prefents, in token of hofpitality; and, upon his offering facrifices, the prieft was convinced of his poverty, and he was actually forced to fell his horfe for 50 daries.

FROM Lampfacus they went to Ophrynion, and thence on the next day to Troas; and, paffing over mount Ida, came to Antandrus; and thence, coafting along the Lydian fea, came to the plains of Thebes. They paffed next through Adramyttium and Certonicum, to the plain of Caicus; and thence reached to Pergamos, a city in Myfia. Here Xenophon was informed, that Affidates, a rich PerGan fatrap, lay incamped in the plain, and might be easily surprised, with all his wealth.

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He marched that very night, with fome of his faithful friends, and about 600 men, and attacked him about midnight; but the Perfian having been reinforced from several parts, they were repulfed for this time: they made, however, a fafe retreat; and, on the next day, began a more fuccessful attempt against him, in fome villages near the walls of Parthenium; where he took him, with his wife, children, horfes, and all his riches; and then returned to Pergamos. By this time, Xenophon had no reafon to complain any longer of his poverty; the Lacedemonian, and other generals, as well as the foldiers, having unanimously agreed to select for him, not only horfes, but yokes of oxen, and other things: fo that he had it now in his power, as he words it, to oblige a friend.

THIMBRO being by this time arrived, took upon him the command of the army, and joined that of Xenophon to the rest of the Greek forces, and purfued his war against the two Perfian fatraps; and Xenophon retired, with a defign to spend the remainder of his days in folitude and privacy; wherein he took care to preferve that glory which he had acquired at the head of the army. The city of Athens having condemned him to banishment for having ferved under Cyrus, he had for fome time followed the famed Agefilaus King of Sparta, and was treated by him with all the marks of esteem and friendhip; but, after having ferved fome campaigns under him, he retired to the city of Sciluns, where he wrote his hiftory, and philofophical works; and continued a zealous

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votary to the gods, who had brought him fafe through fo many perils.

ONE part of the fpoils he had gained, he bestowed in building a noble temple to Diana, after the model of that of Ephefus. The ftatue of that goddefs was of ebony, and exactly like the golden one at Ephefus, and was to be feen in Paufanias's time. The temple was built in the midst of a foreft, watered by the river Helene; and at the entrance of it were infcribed thefe words, Territory confecrated to Diana. He likewife ordered annual facrifices to her; and, on the day appointed for that festival, the tenths of the product of that territory were offered to the goddefs; and the reft were performed with the greatest ceremony, a vaft concourfe of people attending; the edifice being on the high-road between Sparta and Olympia, and about twenty ftades from the temple of Jupiter Olympius. So that this grand feaft, which was alfo preceeded with a general hunting of the Sciluntines, and other neighbouring towns, and with other marks of joy, feems defigned, by its founder, as a perpetual monument of this glorious retreat. His fons usually affifted at the hunting; and it was on their account that he wrote his two treatises of hunting and horfemanship; in which he endeavours to inculcate the beauty and virtue of making our delights fubfervient to religion, of which all his writings fhew his heart to have been full.

Thus ended this noble expedition, which our author concludes in the following words: "The whole of the way, both of the expedi “tion and retreat, confifted of two hundred

and

"and fifteen days march, of eleven hundred "and fifty five parafangs, and of thirty four "thousand fix hundred and fifty ftades; and "the time employed in both, of a year and "three months."

A fuccinct account of the dreadful perfecution the Jews underwent at Alexandria, and of PHILO'S embally to the Emperor Caius Caligula.

HIS dreadful perfecution happened in the 2d year of the Emperor Caligula's reign, and 39th of the Chriftian æra, while Egypt was governed by a Roman knight, named Avillius Flaccus, to whofe bafe connivance it was chiefly owing. Flaccus had governed that province with great reputation, during the five laft years of the reign of Tiberius, who had a particular value and kindness for him. But, upon the death of that prince, and the acceffion of Caligula to the empire, he changed his conduct, grew remifs in the administration of juftice, and made it his whole ftudy to gain the affections of the people of Alexandria; hoping, by that means, to recommend himself to the favour of the new Emperor, whose refentment he dreaded; and, indeed, not without reafon; for he was no friend to the fami ly of Germanicus: and was generally thought to have contributed to the difgrace' and death of Agrippina, the mother of Caligula. Three crafty Egyptians, Dionyfius, Lampo, and Ifidorus, who had been declared enemies to Flaccus, while he ruled with due feverity, being ap

prifed of his fears, remonftrated to him, under colour of friendship, that the fureft means of winning the hearts of the Alexandrians, was to withdraw his protection from the Jews, of whom many thoufands lived in Alexandria, and to abandon them to the mercy of the Egyptians, who had ever borne an irreconcileable hatred to the Jewish nation. This counfel Flaccus readily embraced; well knowing, that it would not difplease the Emperor, whofe hatred the Jews had provoked, by refusing to acknowledge his pretended divinity. Besides, Flaccus was, of himself, it feems, no friend to the Jewish nation: for that people having the year before, in the firft month of Caligula's reign, decreed him all the honours which were confiftent with their religion, and configned the decree to Flaccus, that, by his means, it might be conveyed to the Emperor, he, intead of tranfmitting it to Rome, as he promifed to do, fuppreffed it; which was doing them the greatest unkindness imaginable, and drawing upon them the refentment of a cruel and ambitious prince.

In the mean time, Agrippa, who had been fet at liberty by Caligula, and declared King of the tetrarchy, which his uncle Philip had held, with the addition of that of Lyfanias, arriving from Rome at Alexandria, on his journey to his new kingdom, was infulted by the populace of that metropolis in a moft outragious manner; though, to avoid the concourfe of people, he had entered the city by night. As Flaccus winked at these infults, inftead of reftraining them, the rabble grew more outragious; and, affembling in crowds, began,

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