A History of MathematicsThis Fifth Edition (1991) of a book first published in 1893 covers the period from antiquity to the close of World War I, with major emphasis on advanced mathematics and, in particular, the advanced mathematics of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In one concise volume this unique book presents an interesting and reliable account of mathematics history for those who cannot devote themselves to an intensive study. The book is a must for personal and departmental librariesalike.Cajori has mastered the art of incorporating an enormous amount of specific detail into a smooth-flowing narrative. The Index--for example--contains not just the 300 to 400 names one would expect to find, but over 1,600. And, for example, one will not only find John Pell, but will learn who he was and some specifics of what he did (and that the Pell equation was named erroneously after him). In addition, one will come across Anna J. Pell and learn of her work on biorthogonal systems; one willfind not only H. Lebesgue but the not unimportant (even if not major) V.A. Lebesgue. Of the Bernoullis one will find not three or four but all eight. One will find R. Sturm as well as C. Sturm; M. Ricci as well as G. Ricci; V. Riccati as well as J.F. Riccati; Wolfgang Bolyai as well as J. Bolyai; themathematician Martin Ohm as well as the physicist G.S. Ohm; M. Riesz as well as F. Riesz; H.G. Grassmann as well as H. Grassmann; H.P. Babbage who continued the work of his father C. Babbage; R. Fuchs as well as the more famous L. Fuchs; A. Quetelet as well as L.A.J. Quetelet; P.M. Hahn and Hans Hahn; E. Blaschke and W. Blaschke; J. Picard as well as the more famous C.E. Picard; B. Pascal (of course) and also Ernesto Pascal and Etienne Pascal; and the historically important V.J. Bouniakovskiand W.A. Steklov, seldom mentioned at the time outside the Soviet literature. |
Contents
1 | |
9 | |
15 | |
Greek Arithmetic and Algebra | 52 |
THE ROMANS | 63 |
THE MAYA | 69 |
THE CHINESE | 71 |
THE JAPANESE | 78 |
Descartes to Newton | 175 |
Newton to Euler | 192 |
Euler Lagrange and Laplace | 233 |
THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES | 280 |
Synthetic Geometry | 288 |
Analytic Geometry | 311 |
Algebra | 331 |
Analysis | 369 |
THE HINDUS | 83 |
THE ARABS | 99 |
EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES | 113 |
Translation of Arabic Manuscripts | 118 |
The First Awakening and its Sequel | 120 |
EUROPE DURING THE SIXTEENTH SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES | 132 |
Vieta to Descartes | 147 |
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Common terms and phrases
A. L. Cauchy algebra analysis analytical angles applied Arabic Archimedes arithmetic astronomical Berlin Bernoulli Bibliotheca mathematica C. G. J. Jacobi calculus called Cambridge Cantor Cayley century circle coefficients conic contains convergent cubic curve Descartes determine developed differential equations Diophantus discovery edition elliptic functions Euclid Euler Fermat finite fluxions fractions gave geometry given gives Göttingen Greek groups Hindu infinite integral invention J. J. Sylvester Johann Bernoulli K. F. Gauss known Lagrange later Leibniz Leipzig linear logarithms magic squares Math mathematicians mathematics matics memoir method N. H. Abel Newton notation P. G. Tait P. S. Laplace Paris plane Poincaré principle problem professor proof published Pythagoreans quadratic quadrature researches Riemann roots sexagesimal solution solved square surface symbols synthetic geometry tangents theorem theory of numbers tion treatise triangle trigonometry University variables Weierstrass writings wrote
Popular passages
Page 9 - At the Egyptian city of Naucratis, there was a famous old god, whose name was Theuth; the bird which is called the Ibis is sacred to him, and he was the inventor of many arts, such as arithmetic and calculation and geometry and astronomy and draughts and dice, but his great discovery was the use of letters.