2-valved, many-seeded; seed with egret-like hairs; leaves having a tremulous motion. (poplar, balm of Gilead.)

DIOSPY'ROS. Calyx 4 to 6-cleft, dilated; corolla urceolate, 4-6-cleft. Staminate flowers: stamens 8 to 16; filaments often with 2 anthers. Pistillate flowers: stigmas 4-5; berry 8-12-seeded. (date plum.) S.

HIPPO'PHE. Staminate flowers: perianth 4-cleft; stamens 8, alternating with 8 glands. Pistillate flowers: perianth superior, campanulate; style 1; stigma oblique; berry 1-seeded. (sea-buck-thorn.)

ORDER IX. ENNEANDRIA.

UDO'RA. Spatha 2-parted; perianth 6-parted, 3 inner segments petaloid. Staminate flowers: stamens 9, 3 of them interior. Pistillate flowers: tube of the perianth very long; barren filaments 3; utricle about 3-seeded; seeds cylindric. (ditch-moss.)

ORDER X. DECANDRIA.

GYMNOCLA DUS. Staminate flowers: calyx tubular, 5-cleft; petals 5. Pistillate flowers: style 1; legume 1-celled, pulpy within; seed roundish, large, and hard. (coffee-bean.)

CARICA. Staminate flowers: calyx minute; corolla funnel-form, 5-cleft; stamens alternately shorter, enclosed in the tube of the corolla. Pistillate flowers: calyx 5-toothed; petals 5; stigmas 5; berry cucumber-form, grooved, 1-celled, many-seeded. (false papaw-tree.) S.

ORDER XII. POLYANDRIA.

MENISPERMUM. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-bracted, about 6-leaved, cadueous; petals 6-9, glandular, minute, retuse; stamens 16-24; anthers adnate to the filaments, 4-lobed, 2-celled. Pistillate flowers: germs and styles 3-6; drupes mostly solitary, 1-seeded; nut lunate, compressed.

DATIS CA. Staminate flowers: calyx 5-leaved; corolla 0; anthers sessile, about 15. Pistillate flowers: calyx superior, 2-toothed; styles 3; capsules 3angled, 3-horned, l-celled, many-seeded. (false hemp.)

ORDER XV. MONODELPHIA.

JUNIPE'RUS. Staminate flowers: ament ovate, whorled; calyx a peltate scale; anthers 4 to 8. Pistillate flowers: calyx 3-parted; petals 3; styles 3; berry 1 or 2-seeded; nut long, 1-celled, with balsamy glands at the base. (red cedar.) TAX''US. Staminate flowers: calyx consists of 4 to 6 imbricate scales; corolla 0; stamens 8 to 10; anthers peltate, 6 to 8-cleft. Pistillate flowers: style 0: receptacle succulent; nut or drupe fleshy; 1-seeded. (yew.)

CLASS XXI. CRYPTOGAMIA.

ORDER I. FILICES.

A. Capsule having an elastic ring at right angles with its opening. POLYPO'DIUM. Capsules disposed in round, scattered fruit-dots, (or clusters of capsules,) on various parts of the lower surface of the frond; involucrum 1. (polypod.)

ASPIDIUM. Capsules in scattered, roundish fruit-dots, on various parts of the whole lower surface of the frond; involucrum a kidney-form, or round membrane, fastened to the frond in or near the centre of the fruit-dot, and opening on all sides, or to one side of the fruit-dot, and opening on the other. The involucrum, when a little opened, is often peltate. (shield-fern.)

PTER IS. Capsules arranged in a continued line along the very margin of the frond; involucres opening inward, being formed of the inflexed margins of the fronds. When the leaves are extremely small, the rows of capsules on opposite sides meet and cover the lower surface. (brake.)

ADIANTUM. Capsules disposed in oblong fruit-dots, arranged along the margin of the frond; involucrum is formed by turning back the margin of the frond over the capsules, and it opens inward. The lines of oblong spots are generally along that margin, which may be considered the end of the leaf, or of the segments of the leaf. (maidenhair.)

ONOCLE'A. Fruit-dots indeterminate, presenting a berry-like appearance; capsules covering the whole lower surface of the frond; involucrum formed by turning in or rolling back the margin of the leaf, which opens inward, in ma

turity, towards the midrib, or remains closed. The fertile leaves are contracted and narrower than the barren ones. (sensitive polypod.)

B. Capsule without a ring--being cellular-reticulate, pellucid, sub-striate, radiate at the tip.

OSMUNDA. Capsules globose, pedicelled, radiate-striate or wrinkled, having a hinge at the joining of the 2 valves, which resembles part of the jointed ring of annulated ferns; the capsules either occupy the whole frond, to a limited extent, or a panicled raceme. The parts of the frond occupied by the fruit, are always more contracted than the barren parts. (flowering fern.)

C. Sub-order, APTERES―without pinnate, pinnatifid, or other winged leaves. LYCOPO'DIUM. Capsules mostly kidney-form, or roundish, 2 or 4-valved, opening elastically; they are placed under separate scales in a spike, or sometimes in the axils of the leaves. Leafy, their stems being generally covered with 2, 3, or 4 rows of narrow, simple, entire leaves. (ground pine.)

EQUISE'TUM. Fruit placed under peltate polygons, being pileus-like bodies, which are arranged in whorls, forming a spike-form raceme; 4 to 7 spiral filaments surround the seed, which resemble green globules. Fertile plants mostly leafless; the stems of all are jointed with toothed sheaths at every joint, and usually longitudinally striated and hollow. (scouring-rush, horse-tail.)

ORDER II. MUSCI.

FUNA'RIA. Teeth of the outer peristome* 16, cohering together at the apex, and twisted obliquely; the inner peristome consists of 16 membranaceous hairs, opposite to the teeth, lying flatly.

POLY TRI CHUM. Peristome very short; teeth 16, 32, or 64; mouth of the germ covered by a dry membrane, which is connected to it by the teeth of the peristome; calyptra very small, with a large villose or hairy covering.

ORDER III. HEPATICE.

MARCHANTIA. Receptacles pedicelled, radiate-lobed, disk-like, or bell-form, with the inside downward, to which the globose 4-valved capsules are attached with their apexes downward. The umbrella-like receptacle is elevated one or two inches by a stipe attached to the centre of its lower side, among the capsules, and many pilose appendages. The frond is leafy, reticulate, furnished with a midrib, and beset with villose roots on the under side, which attach themselves to the stones in brooks, to damp earth, &c.

JUNGERMAN"NIA. Capsules 4-valved, globose, elevated by peduncles or stipes from within a bell-form calyx. The fronds are made up of finer leaves than those of the Marchantia, and are often mistaken for mosses, among which they generally grow.

A.

ORDER IV. ALGE.

The section FucOIDEE comprises those sea-weeds of the old genus Fucus, whose fronds are cartilaginous or leathery, and of an olive or copper colour, becoming brown or black. They are composed of interwoven, longitudinal fibres. The floating vesicles apper like portions of the frond blown up in bubbles.

Fu'cus. Receptacles tubercled; tubercles perforated, nourishing aggregated capsules within, intermixed with articulated fibres.

B.

The section FLORIDEE comprises those sea-weeds of the old genus Fucus, whose fronds are leathery, membranous or gelatinous, and of a purple or rose colour. HALYME'NIA. Frond membranaceous, leathery, nerveless, punctate; seed immersed throughout the whole frond, disposed in spots.

C. The section ULVOIDEE comprises the plants of the old genus Ulva. Fronds membranaceous, (broad, or in narrow slips,) thin, of a grass-green colour. Their substance consists of cells, with the fruit immersed in the frond. They grow on rocks, stones, shells, &c. in the sea; also in ditches, stagnant waters, damp woods, &c.

UL"VA. Seeds in fours, immersed in every part of the membranaceous frond. D. The section ConfervoideÆ comprises the plants of the old genus Conferva. Fruit capsular or naked granulations. Fronds filiform and geniculate, con

The peristome is the membrane which appears around the mouth of the capsule of mosses, under the lid.

taining the fruit immersed in them, generally strung on threads; mostly of a grass-green or greenish colour, sometimes purple. They grow in fresh water streams, springs, ditches, and stagnant waters; sometimes in damp woods, and some in the sea.

CONFER"VA. Filaments articulated, uniform, simple or branched, containing the seed within them. No external fruit.

E.

The section TREMELLINE comprises the old genus Tremella. Plants of this section are all gelatinous, hyaline, and covered with a membrane. They are globose, palmate, or filiform; and contain conferva-like filaments within. Colour green or purplish. They resemble Confervoidea in habit and place of growth. Nos'roc. Flaments moniliform, constituted from coadunate globules. Fronds bullate, vesicular, (at length becoming flattened,) crowded with simple moniliform, curve-crisped filaments.

ORDER V. LICHENES.

GYROPHORA. Frond foliaceous, coriaceous-cartilaginous, peltate, monophyllous, (when luxuriant, polyphyllous,) free beneath; apothecia somewhat shieldform, sessile-adnate, clothed with a dark membranaceous cartilage, including a somewhat solid parenchymous substance; disk warty or circinal, plicate and margined.

PARME LIA. Frond coriaceous, sub-membranaceous, flat, expanded, closepressed, orbicular, stellate and lobed, or multifid-laciniate, having fibres beneath; apothecia shield-form, sub-membranaceous, formed under side from the frond, free, with a central puncture by which it is affixed; disk concave, coloured, covering the whole receptacle above, within similar, sub-cellular, and striate, cut round, inflexed with a frond-like margin.

CETRA RIA. Frond cartilaginous or membranaceous, ascending or expanded; lobe laciniate, smooth and naked both sides; apothecia shield-like, obliquely attached to the margin of the frond, the lower free, being separated from it, the upper one sessile; seed bearing lamina forming the disk, coloured, planoconcave, surrounded with a frond-like inflexed margin.

CENOMY'CE. Frond crusty or cartilaginous, foliaceous, laciniate, sub-imbricate free, (rarely adnate;) bearing sub-fistulous peduncles (podetia) both barren and fertile; receptacles (knobs) orbicular, without margins, at length convex and capitate, inflated or empty beneath, terminal attached to the peduncles by their peripheries; seed bearing lamina forming the receptacle above, thickish, coloured, similar within, convex, reflexed, and attached at the periphery, invested beneath with the woolly integument of the frond.

BEOMYCES. Frond crustaceous, flat, expanded, adnate; bearing soft, solid, fertile podetia; apothechia capitate, without margins, solid, terminal, sessile on the peduncles; seed bearing lamina covering the whole receptacle and adnate to it, convex reflexed, thickish, coloured, similar within.

US'NEA. Frond sub-crustaceous, teretish, branched, mostly pendulous; central part hyaline, elastic, composed of fasicles of tubes; receptacles orbicular, terminal, peltate, formed wholly from the frond, covered all over with its cortical substance, similar, nearly of a uniform colour; its periphery destitute of margin, but often surrounded by a ciliate edging.

ORDER VI. FUNGI.

LYCOPER DON. Receptacles somewhat caulescent, at length bursting at the top, with scaly warts or prickles scattered over its surface, especially when young. Seminal dust green.

MU'COR. Receptacle membranaceous, globose, stiped, at first watery and pellucid, then opake; seeds naked, sub-cohering. Very minute and fugacious. URE'DO. Receptacle 0; seminal dust under the cuticle of leaves and stems, when ruptured it is easily brushed off; the little masses of seeds uniform, mostly globose.

AGARICUS. Destitute of a volva at the base of the stipe, with or without the ring; lamellæ either entire or with shorter ones intermixed, rarely simple ramose. Never veiny.

BOLETUS. Pileus various tubes and pores terete, entire. A large genus.

SECTION IV.

SPECIES OF PLANTS.

ACACIA. 15-10. (Leguminosa.) [From the Greek akaʼzo, to sharpen.]

glandulo'sa, (w. Ju. 2.) leaves bipinnate, leafets 12-paired, glands between each pair; spikes globose, solitary, peduncled, axillary; legume falcate; unarmed. S.

farnesia'na, (y. h.) leaves bipinnate, leafets 8-paired; spikes globose, sessile. Flowers fragrant, legumes fusiform.

S.

ACALYPHA. 19–15. (Euphorbia.) [From the Greek a, not, kalos, agreeable, aphe, to the touch.]

virgin"ica, (three-seeded mercury, g. Au..) pubescent; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate-oblong, remotely and obtusely serrate; involucre cordate, ovate, acuminate, toothed; fertile flowers at the base of the steril spike. Road-sides. 12 to 18 i.

ACER. 8-1. (Acera.) [Latin acer, acrid, referring to the juice of some of the species.] rubrum, (red maple, soft maple, r. Ap. h.) leaves palmate, 5-lobed, cordate at the base, unequally gash-toothed, glaucous beneath, dividing incisions between the lobes acute; flowers in fives, in sessile umbels, with long pedicels; germs glabrous. 50 f.

saccharinum, (sugar maple, rock maple, hard maple, r. y. M. h.) leaves palmate, 5-lobed, at the base sub-cordate, acuminate, obtusely sinuate, sinuatetoothed, glaucous beneath; peduncles in a nodding corymb. Large tree. 50 f. stria'tum, (striped maple, false dogwood, moosewood, g. M. h.) lower leaves roundish, upper ones 3-cuspidate-acuminate, sharply serrate, glabrous; racemes simple, pendent. Sinall tree, with a greenish, striped bark. 15 f. ACERATES.* 18-5. (Asclepiade.) [From the Greek a, without, keras, horn.] viridiflora, (green milkweed, g. Ju. 4.) stem erect, simple, hairy; leaves oblong, on short petioles; tomentose, obtuse; umbels lateral, solitary subsessile, nodding, dense; horns of the nectary wanting. Sandy fields. Stem 2 f. Flowers green.

ACHILLEA. 17-2. (Corymbiferæ.) [From the Greek warrior Achilles.]

millefolium, (yarrow, milfoil, w. J. 4.) leaves 2-pinnatifid, downy; the divisions linear, toothed, mucronate; calyx and stem furrowed. 15 i. S. ACHYRANTHES. 15-5. (Amaranthi.) [From the Greek achu'ron, chaff, and anthos, flower.] re'pens, (forty knot, March. 2.) stem procumbent, pubescent; leaves opposite, petioled, lanceolate. Flowers in heads.

ACNIDA. 20-5. (Chenopodea.) [From the Greek a, wanting, knide, a sting.]

cannabi'num, (water hemp, w. g. Ju..) leaves ovate-lanceolate; capsules smooth, acutely angled. Marshes. Can. to Flor. Flowers small, green, in large panicles.

ACONITUM. 12–5. (Ranunculacea.) [From the Greek akone, rugged, in allusion to its habit.] uncina'tum, (monk's hood, b. J. 4.) stem flexuose; leaves palmate, 3 to 5-parted; divisions rhomb-lanceolate, gash-toothed; upper lip of the corolla lengthened, convex, beaked. Grows on mountains and rough places. Cultivated. 2 f.

napellus, (wolf's bane, b. J. 2.) leaves shining, 5-parted; the divisions 3-parted by gashed incisions, subdivisions linear; upper lip of the corolla lanceolate, ascending, 2-cleft; spur straight, obtuse. 2 f. Ex.

This genus is scarcely distinct from Asclepias.

ACORUS. 6-1. (Aroidea.) [From kore, the pupil, because it was esteemed good for disorders of the eyes.]

calamus, (sweet flag, g-y. J. 2) spike protruding from the side of a swordform leaf-like scape. Water or wet grounds. Root strongly aromatic. 2 f. ACTÆA. 12—1. (Ranunculacea.) [From Acteon, the hunter.]

america'na, (bane berry, w. 4.) leaves twice and thrice ternate; racemes ovate; petals shorter than the stamens; berries ovate-oblong. Var. 1. alba, (red cohosh,) petals truncate; pedicels of the fruit thicker than the pe duncle; berries white. Var. 2. rubra, petals acute, pedicels of the fruit slender, berries red. 2 f.

ACTINOMERIS. 17-3. (Corymbifera.) [From aktin, a ray, meris, part.]

helianthoi'des, (y.) leaves lanceolate, acute, serrate white-villose beneath, corymb simple, compact; stem winged. S.

ADIANTUM. 21-1. (Filices.) [From a, not, and diaino, to grow wet, because its leaves are not easily wet.

peda'tum, (maiden hair, J. 4.) frond pedate, with pinnate branches; leafets halved, upper margin gashed-barren segments toothed, fertile ones entire ; stipe capillary, very glabrous. Woods. I f.

ADONIS. 12-13. (Ranunculacea.) [Said to have been consecrated by Venus to the memory of the beautiful Adonis.]

autumnalis, (pheasant's eye, Au. .) flowers 5 to 8-petalled; fruit sub-cylindric; petals erose or emarginate. Ex.

ADOXA. 84. (Saxifraga.) [From the Greek a, without, and doxa, glory.]

moschatelli'na, (g.) peduncles 4-flowered; filaments united at the base in pairs; anthers round. S.

ÆSCHYNOMENE. 16-10. (Leguminosa.)

his"pida, (false sensitive plant, y-r. Ju. ) stem herbaceous, erect; petioles and peduncles hispid; leaves in many pairs; leafets linear, obtuse; racemes simple, 3 to 5-flowered; legumes with 6 to 9 hispid joints. Marshes. Penn. to Car.

viscid'ula, (y. 2.) stem procumbent, viscid, slender; leafets 7 to 9-obovate; peduncles about 2-flowered, legume hairy; joints deeply notched. Sandy grounds. 3 f. S.

ESCULUS. 7-1. (Acera.) [From the Latin esca, food.]

hippocastanum, (horse chestnut, w. J. h.) leaves digitate, with about 7 divisions; corolla 5-petalled, spreading; flowers in a panicled pyramid. 15 f. Ex.

glabra, (buck-eye, y-w. May. h.) leaves quinate, smooth; leafets ovate acuminate; corolla 4-petalled, spreading, with the claws as long as the calyx; stamens longer than the corolla; capsules echinate. Woods; a small tree with flowers in panicled racemes. Penn. to Miss.

macrostachya, (Ap. h.) leaves in 5 divisions, downy beneath; raceme very long; corolla 4-petalled, expanding; stamens long. Beautiful shrub. 6 f.

ÆTHUSA. 5-2. (Umbellifera.) [A Greek word signifying beggarly.]

divarica'ta, (w..) stem erect, slender; leaves biternate; segments narrow linear; umbels terminal, without involucres; partial umbels, 3 to 5-flower. ed; fruit hispid.

cyna'pium, leaves bi and tri-pinnate, dark green; segments ovate, lanceolate; umbels terminal. Road-sides. Flowers white, in many-rayed umbels very poisonous. 1 f. Fool's parsley.

AGARICUS. 21-6. (Fungi) [The name is said to have been given in consequence of the re semblance of the plant to a mineral called Agaricus, which is soft and spongy in its texture.] campestris, pileus fleshy, flattish, having dark, yellow scales; lamella becoming yellowish red; stipe short; the ring-volva rather incomplete. This is the common eatable mushroom.

AGAVE. 6-1. (Bromeliæ.) [From a Greek word, signifying beautiful.]

virgin"ica, (y-g. 4 S) stemless, herbaceous; leaves with cartilaginous serratures; scape simple; flowers sessile. Scape 6 f. Flowers fragrant. Rocky banks. Penn. to Car. False aloe.