his love of liberty; of that veritable liberty, which is the birthright and the glory of every Britain; from the Monarch on the throne to the peafant in his cottage. If there exift in England prejudices against the German Literati,* it cannot be denied that prejudices equally violent and equally extenfive exift in Germany, against the English government in particular, and in many refpects against the nation in general. It is far from my intention to defend the former, when they are unjuft, by thus referring to the latter. On the contrary,' 1 defire nothing more ardently than to fee if that be poflible all the nations of Europe judge each other with moderation and candour. But when I obferve numerous falfe notions and misrepre fentations, with refpect to England, pafs currently in Germany, when I fee many German journalists and writers enlift themselves (in their remarks on Great Britain and the war) in the service of the British Oppofition, without feeming to poffefs any accurate knowledge of the nature of our government, or of the character and views of the parties which divide the kingdom, I am not furprized that many of the friends of my country have taken up con- ' trary prejudices against those who thus feem in the spirit of party' difpofed to change, deftroy, or at leaft to vilify, a conftitution which is the pride of our nation, and which, whether good or bad, affects not them in the fmalleft degree. It is true, indeed, that prejudices

* For our own part we are of opinion that Mr. Walker treats German Literati in general, and Mr. Boettiger in particular, with too great lenity. We are, indeed, the friends of moderation, but we think it neceffary, in the prefent awful period, to speak the whole truth, and to treat fuch hafty and immoderate calumniators with all the contempt which they merit. We know that Mr. B. is a man of learning; but we have alfo the best reafon to believe that he is either very weak or very prejudiced. A greater instance of weakness, or of prejudice, or of both combined, cannot be given than this most abfurd and unwarrantable attack on Mr. Robifon; for as he withed to convict him of error, or of prejudice, nay, even of folly, he should himself have been very fure of the ground on which he ftood. Befides we cannot eafily forget that he has been, during the whole war, and ftill is, the declared enemy of our country, though he occafionally endeavours to affert the contrary. We have not forgotten what he faid on the victory of Lord Duncan, as recorded by Barruel, and to which he has never dared to reply. We are also affured on authority, on which we can depend, that he frequently fays in his public lectures-ay-ayThe English have plenty of gold; but they are ftarving for want of bread. This proud luxurious nation cannot eat gold, and is ftarving in the midst of her treafures." Yet this is the man whofe Billingfgate calumnies are hackneyed about in the Jacobin Journals as forming a fufficient confutation of Robifon's Proofs. To us thefe very calumnies form a ftrong collateral proof of the truth of a great part of what the Profeffor has afferted, and of the crazy principles of Mr. Boettiger and his coadjutors."-Rev.

thus

thus excited or thus kept alive, often fall on those who are iungcent and in every way worthy of honour and refpect. So it has happened with refpect to Mr. Robifon, and fach alfo may have been the fate of Germans equally eftimable. Let us, therefore, hope, that the time is faft approaching, when the violent paffions of the prefent period having fubfided, candour, moderation, and mutual confidence thall guide the intercourfe of nations; and when in particular neither the Literati of Germany fhall have caufe to complain of those of England, nor the literati of England of those of Germany. JAMES WALKER.

SIR,

TO THE EDITOR.

IF you will infert the following teftimony of a German, concerning the fabionable Literature of Germany, in your valuable Review, it may ferve as an antidote for a public, which is in danger of being mifled by fuch trafh, as the champion of the infamous Illuminati (who, by the bye, could never dare to dupe a German public concerning that fect, as he attempts to dupe the English; the fect being too well known in Germany, and its moft fecret papers feized and published there by authority) is endeavouring to impofe upon us in the German Museum.-To the point: I have jut received a letter from my brother, in Germany, who writes as follows, viz.

"If you continue to ftudy philofophy, it will be labour loft. Here, in Germany, Kant's philofophy had fupplanted every thing elfe; but, at prefent, thank God, the mischief is much leffened, owing chiefly to the labours of the old Nicolai, at Berlin, who expofed that philofophy to ridicule, and alfo wrote feriously against it. In Gottingen it could never take root; but in Jena it did, and as the Literatur-Zeitung (Gazette of Literature) was published there, that philofophy predominated for a good while. But at prefent even the Literatur-Zeitung has loft much of its authority. The best German critical Journal is at prefent. the Bibliothek der fchonen Wifenfebaften, (i. e. Bibliotheca fcientiarum elegantiarum) publishing by Weife, at Leipzig; next follows the Allgemeine Deutfcbe Bibliotbek, (i, e. German Univerfal Library) whofe prefent conductor is Magifter Erfch, at Hambro, who has likewife published the Univerfal Repertory of Literature, for the two Quinquennia, 1785--90, and 1791-95. Gottingen has fuffered two very great loffes laft year, the profeffors Gatterer and Lichtenberg having died. Kaftner alfo can now do but little service by his lectures, having loft his teeth, and being too profound for the young ftudent; he alfo leaps from the moon to the Emperor of China, (i. e. from one thing to another without connection) as his writings prove. Yet I dare

* He was at first taken in with Kant's Philofophy, and a ftrenuous fupporter of the fame, as I know from his former letters, and he fancies that I ftudy the fame without a previous knowledge of "Ariftotle's, Bacon's, Newton's Wolff's, Leibnitz's, and Ernefte's Works.

affert

affert, that you may learn more by his writings than from any other mathematician. There are alfo two brothers, Schlegel, who, a few years ago, were very promifing Belletrifts, (i. e. etudiants des belles lettres) but now they produce fuch mistical nonfenfe, that Mr. Von Kotzebue could write the byperborean Afs, a dramatic piece, which nearly cut them up. Yet they really poffefs much knowledge, only felf-conceit keeps them enchained. But, fapienti fat. I deteft Bonaparte as you do, and Carnot, tho' a fcoundrel, is a confiftent fcoundrel, acting up to his principles, whereas Bonaparte appears to have no fettled character, &c."

Now, Mr. Editor, I always was of opinion, that that ephemeron, Kant's Philosophy, would not outlive its author and be forgotten, when Bacon, Newton, Leibnitz, &c. will continue to ftand the teft of ages. Only I cannot bear to fee a Calvinift clergyman, who pretends to acquaint us with the newest German Literature, ftand up in defence of Kant, of Illuminati, and of Jacobin Literature, without giving him a rub, and fhewing that he meets with the merited indignation of well informed Germans, for fuch endeavours in the caufe of Atheism. If this illuminized minifter of the Gofpel is duped by the Crafty, and does not know what he is about, let him "enquire after the old paths," and candidly confefs his mistakes; otherwife he will deferve the imputation of the tenets he defends.

I have often wifhed, that every reader knew as much about the occult Free-Masons, Illuminati and Jacobins, as I do, before he falls into their fnares; for afterwards it is of no avail, no more than to the devils who "believe a God and tremble." As a preventative, I recommend the works of Profeffor Robifon and Abbe Barruel, who I know, have spoken the truth, and to whofe valuable works experienced perfons could add many volumes of proofs, if they would fpeak out. As to Kantifm, I refer you to the article Philofophy (critical) in the Supplement to the Edinburgh Encyclopædia Britannica, a very valuable work in every respect.

You, Sir, will, I trust, never relax in your endeavours to serve religion and fociety, ever mindful of the duty you owe to God and your country. Your conftant Reader, August 27, 1800.

ROBUR AB JUSTO.

MISCELLANIES.

ÈMIGRATION TO AMERICA.

T is well known, that America was long confidered, by many

lufive idea was induftriously propagated, not only by the difaf`fected here, but by emiffaries from the United States, who were ftationed in different parts of the British dominions, like recruiting ferjeants, to allure the peafantry from their ruftic labours, and the wholesome fare which was the fruit of those labours, and induce them to feek, or, rather, to make, their fortunes, in America. Unhappily, the Government took no measures to put a stop to this

evil

until the eyes of

evil, which continued to increase for some years, the people were opened, by the return of many disappointed adventurers, and by fome publications which appeared calculated to reprefent America, not fuch as the dreams of enthufiafts, or the declamations of knaves, had depicted her; but such as the really was. Thefe publications unquestionably did much good; though not all the good which they ought to have done; the friends of America having falfely ftated them to be the effufions of fpleen, the ravings of difappointment, or the mifreprefentations of intereft. This being the cafe, we conceive it will neither be unfeasonable nor ufelefs, to fhew, from the plain unaffected account of an honeft and industrious mechanic, who had also been induced, by fuch delufive arguments as thofe before-mentioned, to embark for America, in fearch of wealth, to thew that the picture of America, drawn by the authors of the productions to which we have adverted, was a true picture.-We shall give a literal copy of the letter, which contains this "unvarnished tale," as it has been delivered to us by an intelligent friend, and a true-born Englishman, who was of opinion that its publication might be ferviceable to the cause of truth.

Copy of a Letter from T. Mufgrove, dated New-York, 25th May, 1794, to his Brother William Mufgrove, Carpenter, Hackney.

DEAR BROTHER,

VE failed from Falmouth the 8th of March, and we got to

WE few frk on the 27th of April, we had foul winds and

York

very blowing weather till the 19th of April; we then got a fair wind. The 5th of April was a terrible day with us; we had fuch heavy feas that it broke near all the quarter boards away on both fides of the ship, washed the binicle and hen coops away. The fea broke over the yard-arm, we had a great many things fpoiled with the falt-water coming down the hatchways. We were frequently half-way over our fhoes in water; had our bed quite fpoiled with the falt-water, and many things broke. I cannot give you a particular account of the voyage as you defire me, being fo ill all the way, till about a week before we got in; I did not eat a bit of any thing for near three weeks, only took a little water-gruel and wine and water, and that I brought up immediately. I could not stand without holding, being fo exhaufted with ficknefs. My wife was very fick about a fortnight, and it is impoffible to tell you the trouble the had with the children. Betfey was in the like manner at different times; Maria was tolerable well all the way. It is not worth while faying any more about the voyage, as 1 cannot give you a particular account of it, fo I fhall leave it, and tell you a little about this famous place, which you and I have heard fo much talk of in England; the firft, there is an embargo laid upon all veffels; next, bufinefs was very dead; and in the next place,

that

that we fhould get neither house or rooms to go to; this was our firft confolation when we came along-fide the wharf; but however, we landed, and found Mr. Allum and Lee, we heard nothing from them to give us any fatisfaction. They told us houfes were very fcarce, and that was all the friendship we got from them, only filling us up with what a fine country we were come to; but pray God keep every Englishman from it, for the Devil a bit do I fee any fineness in it; but it being on a Sunday when we arrived, we flept on board that night, and on Monday, we got to go to fome people that had been here about fix months; they had an old hut with two rooms in it, fo we laid our bed on the floor where the man and his wife, and a woman and boy were, with all our beds on the floor; we were in this fituation a fortnight. We at last got two rooms which we pay 221. a year for; they are worfe than any in your old houfe, and they reckon them very cheap; they are to be fure like all other things. In the firft place, milk is 6d. per quart, and I think of the two worfe than London milk; butter is 2s. 6d. a pound; (wretched ftuff indeed) cheese 1s. 2d. per pound; foft fugar 1s. 3d. lump fugar 3s. tea 8s. fuch as 4s. in London; foap Is. 2d. candles 1s. 6d. London porter 3s. a bottle; the beer which they brew here, is no better than table beer in London, is Is. a quart, wine measure; veal, mutton, and lamb, I cannot compare but to the dead dogs lying about in St. George's Fields, for it is mere carrion; beef is very fine, but not to be compared to Englifh beef. Pork is pretty good; fish is tolerable, but not half fuch a variety as in London; as to garden ftuff, I have not feen any worth mentioning; poultry, there is none for money at this time; there is no getting any thing out of the feafon here; brandy 16s. per gallon; rum 10s. gin 8s. women's Spanish leather fhoes 17s. Tuch as my wife gave Mr. Palk 4s. 6d. a pair for; men's fmart thoes 14s. and every thing in proportion; men's labour is high, carpenters, if good hands 9s. a day; bricklayers 10s.; they are a very crafty fort of people, and they have a very great hatred againft the English. There are great numbers of French, which they fide with very much; they call it a country of liberty, but as for my part I fee no liberty in it; for if a man even looks at a Frenchman, he is in danger of loofing his life. As to taxes, they begin to be oppreft very much, and in a fhort time, will, I think, be as bad as England. There are numbers of them wanting a war, and if it fhould take place, they will get enough I hope. They are building a fort at a place called the Narrows; it is where the shipping comes in to the town, they think to keep the English fleet from coming in, but I think two feventy-fours would be enough for them, fet afide the fleet, for they are a fet of poor devils, infulted by every nation; fo I do not know what they will do with the English if they fhould come againft them. There is a great many people going back to England again, and I would be one of the firft if I could. There are very few comes but with themfelves back again; but it is the fanie cafe with them as it is with me,

fo