their apparel. In 4 Ph. and M. it was ordered, "That none of this society should thenceforth wear any great bryches in their hoses, made after Dutch, Spanish, or Almon fashion, or lawnde upon their cappes, or cut doublets, upon pain of 3s. 4d. forfeiture for the first default, and the second time to be expelled the house." In 26 Eliz. the following regulations were directed to be ob served: "1. That no great ruff should be worn. 2. Nor any white colour in doublets or hozen. 3. Nor any facing of velvet in gowns, but by such as were of the bench. 4. That no gentlemen should walk in the streets in their cloaks, but in gowns. 5. That no hat, or long or curled hair, be worn. 6. Nor any gowns but such as were of a sad colour." By an order made 11 Charles I. no gentlemen of any house were to come into the several halls, or places of public prayer, with hats, cloaks, boots, spurs, swords, or daggers, or to wear long hair, but were to order their habits and hair to decency and formality, according to the orders of the house, and to yield due respect and observance to the benchers and ancients, their governors, as they expected and desired to receive the preferment of the bar, &c." Even Sir Matthew Hale, in his earlier days, "loved fine clothes," though on his devoting himself to the study of the law, "he threw them aside, and betook himself to a plain fashion, which

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he continued to use, in many points, to his dying day." The plainness of Sir Matthew Hale's apparel proved upon one occasion somewhat inconvenient to him. Passing from the extreme of vanity in his apparel to that of neglecting himself too much, he was once taken, when there was a press for the king's service, as a fit person for it, for he was a strong and well-built man; but some that knew him coming by, and giving notice who he was, the pressmen let him go. This made him return to more decency in his clothes; but never to any superfluity or vanity in them."

"He was a great encourager," continues Burnet," of all young persons that he saw followed their books diligently, to whom he used to give directions concerning the method of their study, with a humanity and sweetness that wrought much on all that came near him; and, in a smiling pleasant way, he would admonish them, if he saw any thing amiss in them, particularly if they went too fine in their clothes, he would tell them that it did not become their profession. He was not pleased to see students wear long perriwigs, or attornies go with swords; so that such young men as would not be persuaded to part with these vanities, when they went to him laid them aside, and went as plain as they could, to avoid the reproofs which they knew they might otherwise expect." (Life of Hale, p. 23.)

Of the Lord Keeper Guilford, we are told by his brother, that " His youthful habits were never gay or topping the mode, like other Inns of Court gentlemen, but always plain and clean, and shewed somewhat of firmness and solidity beyond his age. His desire was rather not to be seen at all, than to be marked by his dress. In those things to the extreme was his aim, that is, not to be censured for a careless sloven, rather than to be commended for being well-dressed." (Life of North, vol. i. p. 44.)

SIR WALTER RALEIGH AND SIR EDWARD COKE.

Whatever may have been Raleigh's guilt, (and whether he was, in fact, involved in any treasonable plot, appears exceedingly problematical,) nothing can justify the intemperance and violence displayed towards him by Sir Edward Coke, who, at the time of his trial, in 1603, was Attorney General. Osborn has remarked, that "Sir Walter Raleigh was tired out of his life by the bawling of the king's counsel on the one side, and the bench insisting on a confession extorted by fear from the Lord Cobham, on the other." It is thought that Bacon alludes to the conduct of Coke upon this occasion, in a letter which he addressed to him some years afterwards, in which we find the following expressions. "As in your pleadings you were wont to insult over misery, and to inveigh

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bitterly against the persons, which bred you many enemies, whose poison yet swelleth, and the effects now appear, &c." (Bacon's Works, iv. 626.) The following extract from the Trial of Raleigh, gives a very unfavourable impression of Coke's temper and humanity.

"Raleigh. You have not proved any one thing against me by direct proofs; but all by circum. stances.

Att. Have you done? The king must have the last.

Raleigh. Nay, Mr. Attorney, he which speaketh for his life must speak last. False repetitions and mistakings must not mar my cause. You should speak secundum allegata et probata. I appeal to God and the king on this point, whether Cobham's accusation be sufficient to condemn me ?

Att. The king's safety and your clearing cannot agree. I protest, before God, I never knew a clearer

treason.

Raleigh. I never had intelligence with Cobham since I came to the Tower.

Att. Go to! I will lay thee upon thy back, for the confidentest traitor that ever came at a bar. Why should you take 8000 crowns for a peace?

Lord Cecil. (One of the commissioners who presided at the trial.) Be not impatient, good Mr. Attorney; give him leave to speak!

Att. If I may not be patiently heard, you will K

I am the

encourage traitors and discourage us. king's sworn servant, and must speak. guilty, he is a traitor; if not, deliver him.

If he be

Note. Here Mr. Attorney sat down in a chafe, and would speak no more until the commissioners urged and entreated him. After much ado, he went on, and made a long repetition of all the evidence, for the direction of the jury, and at the repeating of some things Sir Walter Raleigh interrupted him, and said he did him wrong.

Att. Thou art the most vile and execrable traitor that ever lived.

Raleigh. You speak indiscreetly, barbarously, and uncivilly.

Att. I want words sufficient to express thy viperous treasons.

Raleigh. I think you want words, indeed; for you have spoken the same things half a dozen times.

Att. Thou art an odious fellow; thy name is hateful to all the realm of England for thy pride.

Raleigh. It will go near to prove a measuring cast between you and me, Mr. Attorney.

Att. Well, I will now make it appear to the world, that there never lived a viler viper on the face of the earth than thou art."

In another part of the trial, Coke was, if possible, even more coarse and violent.

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Raleigh. I do not hear, yet, that you have