in texture; stipules large, ovate, glandular-serrate: aments on stout leafy peduncles with 4 to 7 ovate or oblanceolate leaves, erect, densely flowered, an inch long; fertile in frui 2 inches, compact, cylindrical; scale thin, pale or brownish, obtuse, woolly; capsule ovate-conical, glabrous, greenish or rufescent; pedicel pubescent, 2 to 3 times the length of the nectary; style medium, stigmas small, erect, entire. Var. sericea. Young leaves densely white tomentose, entire. Var. denudata. Young leaves smooth or nearly so, more distinctly serrulate. Var. puberula. Capsule thinly puberulous. Transition to S. Californica. Alpine bogs, Eagle Creek mountains near Snake river, in great abundance, also in the Blue mountains, where it appears to be limited to a small district, Cusick; Cascade Mts., Washington Territory, alt. 6,400 ft., Tweedy. Var. sericea, moraines near the snow line on the north side of Mt. Hood, Howell, Henderson. Var. denudata, Eagle creek meadows, Cusick; Cascade Mts., Washington Territory, Tweedy. In its glabrous rufescent capsules, entire style and short erect entire stigmas, and in its large serrulate stipules this species obviously resembles S. cordata; while on the other hand the whole habit of the plant, the broad softly tomentose subentire leaves, the stout leafy peduncles and subsessile capsules are like S. glauca. S. conjuncta, n. sp. Leaves of the flowering branches elliptic or obovate, subacute, I to 14 in. long; leaves of the sterile branches ample, 2 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 in. wide, ovatelanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, attenuate or rounded at base; stipules large, ovate, acute; all glabrous or at first thinly overspread on the upper surface with evanescent floccose hairs, at length rigid, scarcely paler or rarely subglaucous beneath, young drying black, margins finely and evenly crenate-serrulate: aments borne on stout leafy peduncles, large, thick, 1 to 2 in. long; fertile becoming rather loose and flexuose in fruit (lengthening sometimes to 3 in.); scale acutish, dark, villous with crisp hairs, sometimes densely or again thinly hairy or quite naked at the tip; capsule glabrous, rostrate from an ovate base; pedicel 3 times the length of the nectary; style medium or elongated, about equaling the pedicel, stigmas short, entire or bifid. In wet meadows and along alpine rivulets, Mt. Adams, Washington Territory, Parry, Howell, Suksdorf, Henderson; Cascade Mts., alt. 5,500 ft., Tweedy; Bald mountain, S. W. Montana, alt. 7-8,000 ft., Watson; summit of S. Kootanie pass, B. C., Dawson, Kicking Horse pass and on the Selkirks, Macoun; near Alaska, Dawson; Kodiak, Kellogg. This combines characteristics of several diverse species, while differing from each in turn. It has been mistaken for S. Barrattiana, especially the form with thick woolly aments, but it differs in the smooth leaves, aments peduncled, capsules glabrous: accords in some respects very nearly with the character assigned S. Barclayi--a species of the Alaskan coast-but that has a much longer style and long slender reflexed stigmas: aments as in S. cordata, but leaves broader and shorter, drying black, capsules shorter pediceled; leaves, particularly of the flowering branches, like S. montana of the Rocky mountains, but that has closely sessile aments. The wide range over which this species preserves its character is a guarantee of its validity. On Mt. Adams it appears to replace, as it were, S. commutata, from which it is distinguished by the darker green leaves, often subglaucous beneath, distinctly crenate serrate, smooth (as in S. phylicifolia), drying black, aments more loosely flowered, capsules rostrate, perfectly smooth even to the pedicel, stigmas often bifid. Rockford, Ill. Some undescribed Hepatica from California. LUCIEN M. UNDERWOOD, (WITH PLATES III-VI.) Among botanical collectors on the Pacific coast, Dr. Henry N. Bolander has done more than all others to bring to light new forms of Hepaticæ, and his name is inseparably connected with species belonging to several genera. Much of the material which he collected was sent to Mr. Austin, who described numerous species from California. Some of his earlier collections, however, were sent to Dr. C. Gottsche in Altona, near Hamburg; among these are some that have never been described; camera tracings of four of these have been at Cambridge for some time. With the kind permission of both Dr. Gottsche and Dr. Watson I am able to publish these plates with the necessary descriptions, as well as the description of a fifth which is not represented in any of the larger herbaria of the country, but of which Dr. Gottsche has generously sent both specimens and a Latin diagnosis. The fact that these species have remained undescribed for twenty-two years is significant, as is also the fact that, so far as known, only one of the species has been collected a sec ond time. The latter circumstance may doubtless be explained on the ground that the original stations are in regions less visited and accessible. There is every reason to believe that many interesting species will be discovered in California, particularly in the mountain regions, and doubtless several of the species now accredited to Oregon alone will be found in northern California. Of the species described below, four are of the genus Jungermania as limited by modern writers, while the fifth is of the thallose genus Grimaldia. Jungermania Danicola Gottsche MS. Autoicous: stems small, ascending, simple, sparingly radiculose: leaves rotund, increasing upward, semi-amplexicaul, rather distant, entire amphigastria wanting: involucral leaves similar to those of the stem: inner involucre' obovate, the mouth more or less irregularly bilabiate. Hab. In ditches, Mt. Dana, California, 10,000 ft., Sept., 1866 (Bolander). PLATE III-I. Plant showing antheridia and archegonia. II. Plant showing young archegonia and a single involucre. III. Inner involucre from the side. All magnified 62 diameters. Jungermania rubra Gottsche MS. Stems short, creeping, densely radiculose to the apex: leaves subimbricate, bright red, ovate-rotund, oblique, semi-amplexicaul, slightly decurrent dorsally, entire: amphigastria wanting: involucral leaves larger than those of the stem, with thickened margins: inner involucre quadrangular-ovate, the mouth short mucronate, denticulate, ferruginous purple especially toward the apex and the angles: antheridia unknown. Hab. On metamorphic sandstone, Mendocino City, California (Bolander); cliffs near the sea, Santa Cruz, California (Farlow). PLATE IV--Figures all magnified 24 diameters. Jungermania Bolanderi Gottsche MS. Stems simple ascending, innovating from beneath the involucres: leaves concave, ovate-rotund, entire, closely imbricate, those of the innovations more remote and decurrent, plane, slightly undulate: amphigastria wanting: involucral leaves larger than those of the stem, otherwise similar: inner involucre cylindricovate, the mouth entire or slightly denticulate male plant unknown. Hab. In ditches, Mt. Dana, California, 10,000 ft., Sept., 1866 (Bolander). I follow the nomenclature of my "Descriptive Catalog," and use this term in place of perianth. vating branch; VIII, involucral leaves. All the figures are magnified 17 diameters. Jungermania Muelleri, var. Danaënsis Gottsche MS. Stems 1-3 cm. long, mostly simple, creeping, ascending at apex, densely radiculose: leaves semi-vertical, irregularly quadrate-rotund, more or less emarginate-bilobed or rarely trilobed, the lobes rounded, the sinus obtuse or rarely acute; areolation mostly uniform, moderately close: amphigastria wanting involucral leaves half as large as those of the stem, acute or acuminate, more or less irregularly cleft or serrate: inner involucre obovate, irregularly fissured, the mouth multidenticulate male plant unknown. Hab. In ditches, Mt. Dana, California, 10,000 ft., Sept., 1866 (Bolander). PLATE VI—I-V, various portions of plant; VI, XI, XII, inner involucres in various positions; VII-X, XIII, XIV, XVI, stem leaves; xv, involucral leaves. All the figures are magnified 20 diameters. From J. Muelleri it is distinguished (1) by the absence of amphigastria, (2) the shape of the inner involucre, and (3) its smaller involucral leaves--characters almost sufficient to be regarded as specific; it may finally take rank as a distinct species. Specimens in the Harvard herbarium are labeled "J. Danaensis, vel J. Muelleri, var. Danaensis.” Grimaldia Californica Gottsche MS.2 Thallus 1-3 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, linear-spatulate, with obcordate innovations, thickly covered underneath with purple scales which extend beyond the margin: peduncles 2-2.5 cm. long, reddish at base, green above, arising laterally from the innovations: carpocephalum globose-conoidal, purplish, 1-4-fruited: capsule reddish; spores black-purple, crenulate; elaters purple. Hab. Yosemite Valley, California, on rocks in the spray of Bridal Veil Fall, June, 1866 (Bolander). Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. 2 With Dr. Gottsche's letter came the following diagnosis: "Capsula (colore vini rubri) purpurascente luce pervia); sporis nigro-purpureis, margine subtiliter crenulatis (200); elateribus purpureis (et fibris et utriculo); pedunculus basi rubescente squamis rubro purpureis pallidioribus ornatus, apice viridis ex innovationum cordiformium parvarum lateralium sinu exsurgit; et receptaculum globoso-conicum 1-3-4 carpum habet." Notes on the Flora of James Bay. JAMES M. MACOUN. To the botanist especially interested in the distribution of plants there is perhaps no district which affords better opportunities than James bay for noting the interchange of species. If the coast line be followed, the change is so gradual as one proceeds northward, that a thorough examination day by day of the flora a mile inland from the coast will result in the discovery of but few species that had not been observed before, but it will be seen that the more southern forms are gradually disappearing; along the coast itself northern species become more and more abundant, while the islands a few miles from the shore present a flora that is essentially arctic. When one remembers that many days after the snow has disappeared from the woods huge masses of ice lie piled along the shore, and that long after these have been melted by the warm rays of the June sun other masses, driven by wind and current from the far north, are stranded upon the islands of the bay, it is not difficult to account for the great difference between the species growing on the mainland and on the islands, although the latitude and elevation be the same. A general description of the flora of James bay would be impossible, as, while the west coast is low and bordered by marshes, the east coast is rocky and much higher, and the immense mud flats of the western and southern shores are entirely wanting. Although the cold currents from the north enter the bay along the western shore, the water is so shallow that floating icebergs, even of small size, ground many miles from land, while on the eastern side of the bay the water is very deep, and the ice is moved here and there by every change of tide. The plants found along the western coast are simply those one expects to find throughout the wooded country of the north, and I shall confine myself to a brief mention of the more interesting species found on the mainland and islands of the eastern portion of the bay, and shall not attempt a general description of its flora, but will take the course northward that was followed last season, and note the more important changes as they occur. Moose Factory, situated about eight miles from the mouth of Moose river, in lat. 51° 18', may be taken as a starting point. Were it not that the number of species is smaller, no differ |