PREFATORY. IT is with unaffected diffidence, that the editor now presents his long-expected volume to the people of the United States, from an apprehension that its contents will not accord with the hopes entertained by those who felt interested in the publication. Self-love, or self-respect, seems to demand that some account of the origin and progress of this work should be submitted, that the real merits or demerits of the case may be understood. On the 23d of November, 1816, a letter was published in the WEEKLY REGISTER (of which the editor of this work is also the editor and proprietor), from an anonymous correspondent,* from which the following is an extract: "Among the patriots whose efforts have tended to give stability to our institutions, no one is more entitled to the best wishes of his fellow-citizens, and no one has rendered himself more honorably known, than yourself. The steady zeal with which you have prosecuted your valuable work, has made it as a light to the people, by which they see their true interests, and discover the certain means of preserving and improving their unparalleled freedom and its attendant blessings. I am satisfied that you take pleasure in an American offering you his thoughts on any subject of a public nature, however little merit may be in his suggestions. I am, therefore, led to propose to your consideration an undertaking which no one is so well qualified to accomplish as yourself-it is to collect and print handsomely a volume of speeches and orations of our revolution: you can make the supplement to one of your volumes such a book. The present is a most propitious period; the feelings and sentiments of '76 were never so prevalent as at present. The moment and opportunity may pass and not immediately return; the events of the late war have imparted a glow of national feeling for every thing republican. Let us then avail ourselves of the circumstance to make some deep impression. What better impression can we make than by rendering the opinions and conduct of our fathers familiar? An opportunity for such a work exists now-which, we know, is but transient, as but six Americans who witnessed the great debate remain. Now, can a doubt arise that Mr. Jefferson, or Mr. Adams, or Mr. Thompson, would not take delight in furnishing materials?-the speeches themselves, and a view of the proceedings and different characters of the speakers. We have one selection of American speeches-made by a British emissaryif such men are to select our political lessons, I need not tell you what must be the opinions of the rising generation, nor of their certain degradation." Then followed a promise to communicate sundry articles, and some hints of the writer to obtain others. This letter was spread before the readers of the REGISTER to gather public sentiment on the subject, and form some opinion, through communications solicited, of the supply of materials that could be obtained, with very little prospect, at that time, of accomplishing the wishes of my correspondent, though there was not any want of zeal to satisfy them. I apprehended that the supply of matter would be short-for I had, myself, been an eager collector of such things for many years, and seemingly had some right to judge of the quantity that remained for edification and improvement, in a recurrence to first principles. But it soon appeared that many were desirous that the collection should be attempted, and certain distinguished persons held out flattering prospects of success, urging me forward by the presentation of motives which they were pleased to think had an irresistible influence on my conduct; but I still hesitated, because of the deficiency of materials, until January, 1819, when it was announced that the volume would be put to press in an address that contained the annexed remarks: "It is much to be regretted that very few of the soul-stirring orations and speeches of the revolutionary period remain to claim the admiration of a blessed posterity. Still, some good things are left to us,-and, by a liberal enlargement of the plan originally proposed, we feel pretty confident of presenting an acceptable gift to the American people, by rescuing from oblivion a great variety of fleeting, scattered articles, belonging to the history of our country anterior to the sublime epoch of the revolution, during its continuance, and immediately after its glorious termination, whilst its feelings were fresh upon the heart and understanding of our heroes and sages. As heretofore observed, our collection of materials is somewhat extensive, our resources promise some rich additional supplies, and no effort shall be left untried to increase our store: so that, on the whole, though the collection will doubtless be defective, and, perhaps, not equal the expectations of some, we are consoled with a belief that it will not be unworthy of the patronage of an enlightened public-zealous to catch a "spark from the altar of '76," and prepared to enter into the spirit of past times. Since ascertained to be BENJAMIN ELLIOT, Esq., of Charleston, S. C., whose name I take the liberty to mention as the projector of the undertaking, and the merit of it belongs to him. "The volume will be slowly printed as the matter presents itself, and be concluded as soon as the nature of things will admit of-but shall not be hurried. Order in its arrangement can hardly be hoped for; but it will not, on that account, suffer much depreciation of value." Still, it was not until September in the same year that a regular prospectus was offered, for I yet feared the want of matter, as well as the severe labor that I was sensible would become necessary to obtain it, if to be obtained at all. This prospectus contained these paragraphs: "Believing, as we do, that the simplicity of the truth, as held forth by those who devised and executed the severance of this country from the power of a despot, has been widely departed from, no effort on our part shall be wanting to encourage a spirit to seek after and hold on to the principles which appear essential to the preservation of the rights and liberties of the people of the United States; under an assurance that vigilance is the condition on which freedom is granted to us. But we enter upon the undertaking before us with considerable diffidence-fearful of the want of a just discrimination, and also of time for research and reflection to do justice to the weighty concern. It seemed, however, to be imposed on us as a duty, and we will execute the task as well as we can. "The materials, though the stock is pretty large, are not yet sufficient for the extensive work contemplated. The editor of the REGISTER has, for several years, been a collector of scraps and rare things-several gentlemen have liberally contributed articles which they would not have parted with except on an occasion like this; and others have promised us liberty to overhaul their neglected stores of old papers: but much useful matter must be in the hands of those with whom we have not yet communicated on the subject; and every patriot is invited to give his aid to this collection, designed to record the feelings of "the times that tried men's souls." Letters may be sent to the editor at his cost for postage, and originals will be carefully returned, if requested. When copies from manuscripts are presented, it might be well to permit us to state the source from whence they were derived, if necessary." The terms were also set forth—it was promised that the volume should contain between four and five hundred pages, and cost, in sheets, the sum of three dollars. A view to pecuniary profit was disavowed—it had nothing to do with the origin or progress of the work, and if a reasonable allowance for money and time expended is afforded by its sale, it will be as much as ever has been expected. I had no sooner fairly committed myself than I regretted it-the patriots of the revolution did not make speeches to be unattended to by their brethren in congress and fill up the columns of newspapers.* They only spoke when they had something to say, and preferred acting to talking—very unlike the legislators of the present time. I plainly saw that great difficulties would oppose themselves to the fulfillment of my promise-I feared that more was expected of me than any man could do-for the facts that were manifest to my mind could not be appreciated by all my pride (an honest one, I trust) was alarmed, but, in obedience to a fixed rule that I have adopted for my own conduct, I resolved to meet the difficulty presented and conquer it by perseverance-if I could. To give some idea of the quantity of books and papers that have been looked into to effect this compilation, I think that I do not exaggerate when I say that they were sufficient to load a cart, and hours on hours have been spent in the service without the least profit. Perhaps, I was unlucky or unwise—that my attention was not directed to the proper sources; it may be so-but of this I am satisfied, that very few of the "soul-stirring' speeches of the revolutionary period remain to warm the hearts of a grateful posterity: they were pronounced to be heard, not published. " With this brief narrative, I submit the work to the liberality of my countrymen, American republicans—in the firm belief that, if I have not accomplished all that was hoped for by some, it will appear that others are agreeably disappointed; and I am satisfied that good will result from the publication of this collection: it will rescue from oblivion many things that were hastening to it, and lay the foundation, perhaps, of a more extensive and much more perfect work, which I shall always keep in my view. In explanation it is necessary further to observe, that the leading object of this volume was to show the feelings that prevailed in the revolution, not to give a history of events; hence, all matters of the latter class have been rejected, except as immediately necessary to show the effects of feeling. The volume, also, might have been more acceptable if a greater degree of order had been observed as to dates, etc., but it was almost impossible to approach regularity, in this respect, as well from the nature of things as from the occasional attention, only, that I was able to give to the work-but any inconvenience on this account is obviated by the copious index, or table of contents prefixed. Two articles have been, unfortunately, inserted twice-but, as they are of an excellent quality, I shall not be sorry for it, if the error causes them to be twice 'read. Many notices of proceedings, etc., are given only to indicate the general conduct of the people on such occasions as they have reference to. * The earl of Dartmouth asked an American in London (whose name we cannot call to mind at present), of how many members the congress consisted? The reply was fifty-two." "Why that is the number of cards in a pack." said his lordship-" how many knaves are there? "Not one," returned the republican-" please to recollect that knaves are court cards." Reminiscences relating to the massacre of citizens of Boston by British troops, March 5, 1770.15 to 17, 112, 113 Boston Orations delivered at the request of the inhabi- tants of the Town of Boston to commemorate the evening of the 5th of March, 1770, when a number of citizens were killed by a party of British troops quartered among them in time of peace.. James Lovell, 1771, An oration of... Joseph Warren, 1772, 1775, Orations of...20 to 30. See 113 Reminiscences of General Warren...... Dr. Benjamin Church, 1773, Oration of. John Hancock, 1774, Oration of.......... Peter Thatcher, 1776, Oration of........ Benjamin Hickborn, 1777, Oration of... Jonathan W. Austin, 1778, Oration of.. William Tudor, 1779, Oration of...... George Richard Minot, Jr., 1782, Oration of........72 to 75 Dr. Thomas Welsh, 1783, Oration of. Important Letter of Gov. Hutchinson, July 20, 1770... 79 Speech of Gov. Hutchinson to the Council and House Answer of the House of Reps. to Gov. Hutchinson, Resolutions Adopted by the House of Reps, 1773....94, 95 Letter from the House of Reps. to the Speakers of the several Houses of Assembly on the Continent, 1773, Destruction of tea in Boston Harbor, Dec. 16, 1773...96, 97 Interesting letter relating to its destruction by the Gov. Hutchinson's message to the Assemby, 1774...97, 98 Answer to same by the House of Reps., 1774........98, 99 Election of Delegates by the General Court, 1774..... 99 Interesting correspondence of John Adams, second Containing the broken hints written by Major John Hawley, author of the declaration, "We must Recollections of a Bostonian of the evacuation of Boston by British troops, March 17, 1776... ....... 128 .128, 129 Address of the Hon. Council and House of Reps. to Reply of Gen. Washington.. ......129, 130 Degree of Doctor of Laws conferred by Harvard Col- lege on Gen. Washington, April 3, 1776.... Address by the State of Mass. Bay, Jan.. 1777, recom- mending that it be read by each Minister of the Gospel in their respective churches.... ......134 to 136 Declaration addressed to all the ancient French in America by Count De Estaing, commander of the French squadron, Boston, Oct. 28, 1778..........136, 137 Interesting letter from Major Joseph Hawley, author Do, recommending manufactures, and home industry, ....... The proscribed of Boston, 1774.. Battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775, interesting reminis Female patriotism, Battle of Lexington..... .....116, 117 Resolutions of the Provincial Congress deposing Gen. Correspondence between Gen. Lee and Gen. Bur- Interesting gathering of Revolutionary Pensioners at Capt. Nathan Hale executed as a spy, by the British. 153 Tribute to his memory by the late President Dwight.. 153 Revolutionary soldiers, interesting reminiscences of.. 154 Capt. Ezra Lee, interesting sketch of his attempt to destroy the British fleet, then in North River, New Address of the Mechanics of New York City to the Colonial Congress, June, 1776.. Resignation of Militia Officers, Aug., 1776.. Proclamation of Gen. Washington, recommending Me retirement of the women, children, and infirm persons, from the City of New York, on account of the expected bombardment of the city by the British, Letter from Gen. Robinson, of New York, to Gov. Proclamation of Gen. Burgoyne, July 2, 1777......178, 179 Reply to Burgoyne's Proclamation, July 10, 1777.179, 180 Charge of Chief Justice Jay, to the Grand Jury of the Address of the Legislature to their constituents, March Address of the Citizens of New York City who have returned from exile, to Gen. Washington and Gov. George Clinton, after the evacuation of the city by Gen. Washington's reply thereto, Nov. 25, 1783 Address to Gov. Clinton, and his reply thereto....... 188 Interesting sketch of Dr. Tustin, of Long Island..188, 190 Address to the Inhabitants by the Provincial Con- Same, Oct., 1775... .......247, 248 Thomas to Cæsar Rodney, August 30, 1776... 191 .192, 195 Proposals presented Dec. 8, 1777, for an exchange of Gen. Burgoyne, after his surrender at Saratoga. 197, 198 Correspondence between Col. Charles Mawhood, British forces, and Col. Elijah Hand, American militia, March, 1778.... Declaration of the Deputies of the State, met in Provin- cial Conference, June 24, 1776.. Patriotic address of the Deputies to the people, June Proceedings relative to the monopoly of salt, Aug. 24, Treason; Ordinance defining the same, Sept. 5, 1776 Remonstrance of certain citizens arrested, and confined in the Free Masons Lodge, Phila, Sept. 4, 1777..225, 227 Interesting correspondence of Brig. Gen. Lacey, with Gen. Washington and others, 1778..... .....227, 229 Eulogium by Judge Breckenbridge, of the brave men who have fallen in the contest with Great Britain, Col. John Haslett to Gen. Cæsar Rodney, Oct. 5, 1776 248 Thos. Rodney to Cæsar Rodney, Dec. 30, 1776....248, 349 Gen. Washington to same, Dec. 16, 1779. 251 Gen. Washington to same, Aug. 27, 1780...........251, 252 Thos. Rodney to Cæsar Rodney, July 20, 1779....252, 253 John Dickinson, of Pennsylvania, to Thos. Rodney, Thos. Rodney to Cæsar Rodney, June 14, 1781....253, 254 Dr. James Tilton, Williamsburg, Virginia, Dec. 16, Action of the people of Queen Anne county upon the subject of the Boston Fort Bill, May 30, 1774.....258, 259 Action of the people of Baltimore county upon the subject of the Boston Port Bill, May 31, 1774........ 259 Action of the people of Anne Arundel county upon the subject of the Boston Port Bill, June 4, 1774.....259,260 Patriotic recommendation of the people assembled at Memorial of James Christie to the Provincial Conven- Patriotic letter from a minister of the Church of Eng- land to the Earl of Dartmouth, Dec. 20, 1775.....264-268 Patriotic address of the General Assembly to the people of the state, July 7, 1780........ .......268, 269 ......272-275 .275, 276 Patriotic proceedings of Delegates assembled at Will- Resolution of the convention recommending a stay of proceedings in civil suits, March 25, 1775........280, 281 Patriotic action of the town council of Fredericksburg, Important letters from Thomas Jefferson, relating to the causes resulting in the Declaration of Inde- Thomas Jefferson to Dr. Small, May 7, 1775..... 283 Thomas Jefferson to John Randolph, Aug. 25, 1775.283, 284 Action of Common Council of Williamsburg relative to the removal of arms belonging to the king, May Proceedings in Hanover county relative to hostilities committed by the king's troops, May 9, 1775....284, 285 Patriotic address of the Baptists to the convention, and the action taken thereon, August 16, 1775...285, 286 Address of the Free-holders of Botetourt to Col. Andrew Lewis and Mr. John Boyer, Oct., 1775..... 286 Proclamation of Lord Dunmore offering freedom to the slaves belonging to the Rebels, Nov. 7, 1775....286, 287 Letter from Lord Dunmore to Gen. Howe referring to his Proclamation offering freedom to slaves of the rebels in Virginia, Nov. 30, 1775 Proceedings in convention relating to the Proclamation of Lord Dunmore, Jan. 25, 1776... Outrages committed by British troops, 1776.. Oath extorted from the people of Norfolk and Princess Patriotic demonstrations of the members of the Con- vention at Williamsburg, toasts drank, and the Union flag unfurled, May 15, 1776. Test oath prescribed by the committee of the state, to be taken by the inhabitants thereof, 1776.. ....292, 293 Interesting incidents relating to the Battle of York- Anecdote connected with surrender of same...... Effect of the intelligence of the surrender of Corn- wallis, when received in England, Nov., 1781....296-298 300, 301 Interesting sketch of the patriot George Mason, the author of the celebrated Bill of Rights... Copy of the first draught of the Declaration of Rights by George Mason, and adopted by the convention, Interesting letter from George Mason, Oct. 2, 1778.303, 304 Letters to his son, 1781-1783... George Mason to a friend, June, 1787.... ......306, 307 Noble sentiments expressed by George Mason in his Interesting sketch of Gen. George Rogers Clarke..... 307 Sketch of John Champe, who attempted the seizure of the traitor, Arnold, at the instance of Major Lee, acting under orders from Gen. Washington......307-310 Sketch of Gen. John Cropper, a distinguished officer His charge, April 23, 1776, commending the constitu- tion established by Congress, March 26, 1776....327-334 Presentments of the Grand Jury of the General Ses- sion upon the charge of Judge Drayton.... Charge delivered by Judge Drayton, The rise of the American Empire, October 15, 1776.... Presentments of the Grand Jury of the Courtof General Session upon the charge of Judge Drayton......346, 347 Charge delivered by Judge Drayton, Oct. 21, 1777, on the political affairs of the country.. Presentments of the Grand Jury... Judge Drayton's address to Admiral Richard Howe and General William Howe, commanding his Britan- nic majesty's forces in America, Oct. 22, 1776....353-357 Judge Drayton's speech upon the Articles of Confed- eration of the United States of America, Jan. 20, Oration of Dr. David Ramsey on the advantages of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1778....374-383 Oration delivered by Dr. Ladd, before the Governor and others, at Charleston, July 4, 1785...........383-385 Patriotic charge of Judge Pendleton to the Grand Juries of Georgetown, Chowan, and Camden Dis- tricts upon the condition of society, 1787.385-387 Letter recommending that some concessions should Address to Governor Wright by the Provincial Con- gress, requesting that he appoint a day for fasting Gov. Wright's answer to the address, July 9, 1775..... 391 Gov. Wright to the Home Government relative to the action of the people in sympathy with the Revolu- tion, Oct. 14, 1775, Jan. 3, 1776, and March 10, 1776.. 391 Speech of Governor Archibald Bullock to the Provin- cial Congress, June 20, 1776.... An eloquent speech made by one of the delegates, 395, 396 A day of humiliation and prayer ordered, March 16, Exciting debate upon the subject of separation from Eloquent speech of Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, 400-402 |