 | 2000 - 138 страници
...encodes advantages for particular individuals or groups in the basic legal or regulatory framework, administrative corruption refers to the intentional...either state or non-state actors as a result of the illicit and non-transparent provision of private gains to public officials. The classic example of... | |
 | Stephen White, Alex Pravda, Zvi Y. Gitelman - 2001 - 356 страници
...result of the illicit and non-transparent provision of private benefits to public officials', whereas administrative corruption refers to the 'intentional...either state or non-state actors as a result of the illicit and nontransparent provision of private gains to public officials'. According to the World... | |
 | J. Edgardo Campos, Sanjay Pradhan - 2007 - 480 страници
...is known today: bureaucratic corruption, nepotism and patronage, and state capture.2 Bureaucratic or administrative corruption refers to the "intentional...laws, rules, and regulations to provide advantages to individuals in and/or outside government through illicit, nontransparent means" (World Bank 2000, p.... | |
| |
... intentional imposition of distortions in the prescribed implementation of existing laws, rules and regulations to provide advantages to either state or non-state actors as a result of the illicit and nontransparent provision of private gains to public... 