town, or not. Mr Creech fays, thefe areas" fold higher than perhaps ever was known in any city, (even in Rome, during the most flourishing times of the republic or the empire,) viz. at the rate of no less than L.96,000 per ftatute acre; and fome areas at the rate of L. 109,000 per acre: and in 1790, the area, at the E. end of Milne's Square, fold for above L.11.oco per acre." (18.) EDINBURGH, OBSERVATORY OF, &c. The Obfervatory is feated on the top of the CALTON HILL, and is furnished with a fine large telefcope and other inftruments for aftronomical ob fervations. The scheme for the erection of it was first adopted in 1736; but the disturbance occafioned by the Porteous mob prevented any thing from being done towards the execution of it at that time. The earl of Morton afterwards gave rool. for the purpose, and appointed Mr M'Laurin profeffor of mathematics, together with the principal and fome profeffors of the univerfity, truffees for managing the fum. Mr M'Laurin added to this fum the profits arifing from a courfe of lectures on experimental philofophy; which, with fome other finall fums, amounted in all to 300l.: but Mr M'Laurin dying, the defign was dropped-Afterwards the money was put into the hands of two perfons who became bankrupt; but a confiderable dividend being obtained out of their effects, the principal and intereft, about 1776, amounted to 400l. A plan of the building was made out by Mr Craig, architect; and the foundation ftone was laid by provoft Stodart, on the 25th Aug. 1776. About this time, how ever, Mr Adam, architect, happening to come to Edinburgh, conceived the idea of giving the whole the appearance of a fortification, for which its fituation on the top of the Calton hill was very much adapted. Accordingly a line was marked out for inclofing the limits of the obfervatory with a wall constructed with buttresses and embrafures, and having Gothic towers at the angles. Thus the money defigned for the work was totally exhaufted, and the obfervatory ftill remains unfinish ed; nor is there any appearance of its being foon completed either by voluntary fubfcription or any other way-A little below the obfervatory there is a pleasant gravel walk round the Calton hill, which affords one of the fineft profpects imaginable, varying remarkably almoft at every step. On part of this hill is alfo a burying-ground, where many elegant monuments are erected to commemorate departed excellence or kindred affection; one, to the memory of David Hume the hiftorian, attracts particular attention. But above all, this hill will speedily be crowned with an elegant monument to the memory of the gallant NELSON. The foundation ftone of this edifice was laid on the 21ft Oct. 1807; being the anniversary of the victory of TRAFALGAR. middle is decorated with double stone columas, fupporting a cupola in the middle, reprefeating an imperial crown, with a clock underneath. On the right hand is the great flaircafe, which leads to the council chamber and the royal apartments. Thefe are large and fpacious, but unfurnished 4 in one of them the Scots peers meet, to elect fixteen of their number to reprefent them in the British parliament. The gallery is on the ierë hand, and measures 150 feet by 271. It is adorne ed with the fuppofed portraits of all the kings of Scotland, from Fergus I, to James VII. In the apartments of the Duke of Hamilton, which he poffeffes as hereditary keeper of the palace, queen Mary's bed of crimfon damatk, bordered with green fringes and taffels, is ftill to be feen, but almoft reduced to rags. Here alfo ftrangers are fhewn a piece of wainscot hung upon hinges. which opens in a trap-ftair communicating with the apartments below. Through this pallage lord Daruly and the other confpirators rufhed in to murder the unhappy Rizzio. Towards the outward door of theie apartinents are large dufky fpots on the floor, faid to have been occationed by Rizzio's blood, which could never be washed out. But a very flight degree of fill in chemistry is fufficient to perpetuate a miracle of this kind. In the lodgings affigned to loid Dunmore, is a picture by Van Dyke, feemed a maflerly performance, of king Charles I. and his queen going a hunting. There are likewife the portraits of their prefent majesties at full length by Ramfay. The lodging above the royal apartments are occupied by the duke of Argyle as heritable master of the houtehold. The front of this palace is two stories high; the roof flat; but at each end the front projects, and is ornamented with circular towers at the angles. Here the building is much higher, and the rest of the palace is three ftories in height. The NW. towers were built by James V. for his own refidence: his name is ftill to be feen below a niche in one of them. During the minority of queen Mary, this place was burnt by the English; but foon after repaired and enlarged beyond its prefent fize. At that time it confifted of 5 courts, the moft wefterly of which was the largeft. It was bounded on the E. by the front of the palace, which occupied the fame space it does at prefent; but the building itfelf extended further to the S. At the NW. corner was a ftrong gate, with Gothic pillars, arches, and towers, part of which was pulled down a few years ago. Great part of the palace was burnt by Cromwell's foldiers; but it was repaired and altered into its prefent form after the Restoration. The fabric was planned by Sir William Bruce, a celebrated architect, and executed by Robert Mylne malon. The environs of the palace afford an afylum for infolvent debtors; and adjoining to it is a field called St Anne's Yards; beyond which there is an extensive park, called the King's Park, which, with the Duke's Walk, and the hills of Arthur's Seat, Salisbury Craigs, and St Leonard's Hill, are all within the privilege of the Sanctuary. The abbey church, built by David I. in 1128, has been long in ruins, See HOLYROCD-HOUSE. About the year 1795. fome of the chief rooms of the palace were fitted (19. EDINBURGH, PALACE OF. The palace of HOLY ROOD-HOUSE, though much neglected, is the only royal habitation in Scotland, that is not in ruins. It is a handfome fquare of 230 feet in the infide, furrounded with piazzas. The front, facing the W. confifts of two double towers joined by a beautiful low building, adorned with a double balustrade above. The gateway in the VOL. VIII. PART 1. C up for the reception of part of the royal family of Françe, when profcribed from their native kingdom. (20.) EDINBURGH, PARISHES OF. Edinburgh is divided into ten parishes, of which there are 9 in the old city, named after the 9 oldest churches, and one in the New Town: befides the Canongate, and St Cuthberts, or West Kirk parishes; and thofe of South and North Leith; the inhabitants of which are included in Sir John Sinclair's late enumeration of the people of Edinburgh. See $24. the clergy being the compofers, and Sunday the principal time of exhibition. In the 16th century, the number of play-houfes was fo great, that it was complained of as a nuisance, not only in Edinburgh, but throughout the kingdom. They foon degenerated from their original institution; and the plays, inftead of being calculated to in fpire devotion, became filled with all manner of buffoonery and indecency.-After the Reforma tion, the Prefbyterian clergy complained of thefe indecencies; and anathematised every kind of theatrical representation whatever. King James (21.) EDINBURGH, PLACES OF ENTERTAIN VI. compelled them to pass from their cenfures MENT IN. The CONCERT HALL, called alfo St against the ftage; but in the time of Charles I. Cecilia's Hall, ftands in Niddery-ftreet; and was thefe cenfures were renewed and redoubled. Abuilt in 1762, after the model of the great opera mufements of this kind however, were again in theatre at Parma. The plan was drawn by Sir troduced at Edinburgh about the year 1684, when Robert Mylne, architect of Blackfriars bridge. the duke of York kept his court there. His refi The mufical room is of an oval form, the ceiling dence at Edinburgh brought down one half of being a concave elliptical dome, lighted from the the London company, and plays were acted in top by a lantern. The feats are ranged in the Edinburgh for fome little time. The misfortunes form of an amphitheatre; and are capable of con- attending the duke of York, however, and the taining 500 perfons, befides leaving a large area establishment of the Prefbyterian religion, foon in the middle of the room. The orcheftra is at put a stop to the progrefs of the ftage, and no the upper end, and is terminated by an elegant theatrical exhibition was heard of in Edinburgh organ. The MUSICAL SOCIETY was firft inftitu- till after the year 1715. The first adventurer was ted in 1728. Before that time, several gentlemen Signora Violante, an Italian, remarkable for feats had formed a weekly club at a tavern kept by one of ftrength, tumbling, &c. In this way the first Steil, a great lover of mufic, and a good finger of exhibited in a houfe at the foot of Carrubber's Scots fongs. Here the common entertainment Close, which has fince been employed by different confifted in playing, on the harpsichord and violin, fectaries for religious purposes. Meeting with the concertos and fonatas of Handel, juft then fuccefs, the invited a company of comedians from published. The meeting, however, foon becom. London: and these being alfo well received, Eing numerous, they inftituted a fociety of 70 dinburgh continued for fome years to be enter members, for the purpofe of holding a weekly tained with the performances of a trolling comconcert. The affairs of the fociety were regulated pany, who vifited it annually. Becoming at laft, by a governor, deputy governor, treafurer, and however, obnoxious to the clergy, they were in ⚫ five directors, who were annually chofen by the 1727 prohibited by the magiftrates from acting members. The meetings were continued for a within their jurifdiction. But this interdict was number of years on much the fame footing as at fufpended by the Court of Seffion, and the playfirft, and the number of members increased to 200. ers continued to perform as ufual. Still, howe The weekly concerts were on Friday; the tickets ver, theatrical entertainments were but rare. The being given gratis by the directors, and attention town was visited by itinerant companies only once in the first place to ftrangers. Oratorios were oc- in two or three years. They performed in the cafionally performed throughout the year; and Tailor's Hall in the Cowgate; which, when the the principal performers had alfo benefit concerts. houfe was full, would have drawn (at the rate of The band were excellent in their feveral depart- 2s. 6d. for pit and boxes, and is. 6d. for the gal ments; and feveral of the members being alfo good lery) 401. or 451. a-night. About this time an act performers, took their part in the orchestra. There of parliament was paffed, prohibiting the exhibiwere always many applications on the occafion of tion of plays, except in a houfe licensed by the a vacancy, and fuch was the number of candidates, king. Of this the prefbytery of Edinburgh im that it was difficult to gain admiflion. For feve mediately laid hold; and at their own expenfe ral years paft, however, this fociety has been ne- brought an action on the ftatute against the playglected, and the hall difpofed of for other pur- ers. The caufe was by the Court of Seffion de pofes. The THEATRE ftands oppofite to the Re- cided against the players; who thereupon applied gifter Office, in the middle of Shakespeare Square. to parliament for a bill to enable his majefty to The building is plain on the outfide, but is orna- licenfe a theatre in Edinburgh. Against this bill mented on the top of the front with a ftatue of petitions were prefented in 1739 to the house of Shakespeare, and emblematical figures of Tragedy commons, by the magiftrates and town-council, and Comedy. It is elegantly fitted up within, the principal and profeffors of the univerfity, and and is generally open three days in the week, and the dean of guild and his council; in confequence when full will draw about 150l. a-night; fo that of which, the affair was dropped. All this oppo the manager generally finds himfelf weil reward- fition, however, contributed in reality to the fuc ed, when he procures good actors. Entertain- cefs of the players; for the fpirit of party being ments of the dramatic kind came very early into excited, a way of evading the act was easily found fashion in this country. They were at firft only out, and the houfe was frequented more than reprefentations of religious fubjects, and peculiar fual, infomuch that the Tailor's Hall was found ly defigned to advance the interefts of religion; infufficient to contain the number of spectators. The EDI EDI ( 19 ) The players now fell out among themfelves, and this fervice devolved were now become fo relaxed a new play houfe was erected in the Canongate in their discipline, that the magiftrates were threatin 1746. The confequence was, that the old one ened with having the king's troops quartered in in Tailor's Hall became entirely deferted, and the the city, if they did not appoint a fufficient guard. managers of the new theatre foon found them- On this 40 men were raised in 1679, and in 1682 felves greatly involved. At laft, a riot enfuing the number was increased to 108. After the rethrough diffentions among the performers, the volution, the town-council complained of the play houfe was totally demolished. When the ex- guard as a grievance, and requested parliament tenfion of the royalty over the spot where the that it might be removed. Their request was imNew Town is built was obtained, a claufe was mediately granted, and the old method of watching likewife added to the bill, enabling his majefty to and warding was renewed. This, however, was license a theatre in Edinburgh. This was obtained, now fo intolerable, that the very next year they and thus the oppofition of the clergy was for ever applied to parliament for leave to raise 126 men C filenced. But the high price paid by the mana- for the defence of the city, and to tax the citizens gers to the patentee, being no lefs than 500 for their payment. This being granted, the corps guineas annually, prevented them from decorating was raised which continued under the name of the houfe as they would otherwife have done, or the Torn-guard, till 1805. For a confiderable even from always retaining good actors in their number of years back, the establishment confifted fervice; by which means the success of the Edin- of three officers and about 90 men, who mounted burgh theatre has not been fo great as might have guard by turns. The officers had a lieutenant's been expected. Not far from this building, an pay; the ferjeants, corporals, drummers, and common foldiers, the fame with thofe of the aramphitheatre, called the CIRCUS, was opened in 1790, on the road to Leith, for equeftrian exhi- my. Their arms were the fame with those of the bitions, pantomime entertainments, dancing, and king's forces: but when called upon to quell tumbling. It was 60 feet in diameter; and in the mobs, they ufed Lochaber axes, a part of the anforenoon ladies and gentlemen were taught to ride. cient Scottish armour in ufe only among themselves. The hour: held about 1500 people. This build- They were paid chiefly by a tax on the trading ing has fince been converted into an elegant and people; thefe being the only perfons formerly subcommodious concert hall. On the S. fide of ject to watching and warding. This tax, howe George's ftreet, W. of the Phyfician's Hall, (an ver, amounted only to 1250l. and as the expense elegant building erected for the meetings of the of the guard amounted to 140cl. the magiftrates faculty, oppofite to St Andrew's church, with a had to defray the additional charge out of the ciportico fimilar to it,) ftand the ASSEMBLY ROOMS, ty's funds. The old militia or trained bands of which, though rather heavy looking on the out- the city, confifting of 16 companies of Ico men fide, are nevertheless extremely elegant and com- each, ufed to turn out every king's birth-day; but modious within. The largest is 100 feet long for a number of years back, the officers only reand 40 broad, being exceeded in its dimenfions mained, who were chofen annually; viz. 16 capby none in the island, the large one at Bath ex- tains, 16 lieutenants; the provoft being colonel. cepted. Weekly affemblies are held here for But, in 1805, in confequence of the cftablishment dancing and card-playing, under the direction of of a new fyftem of police, the city guard was reduced to one lieutenant, two ferjeants, two cora mafter of ceremonies. See $ 36. porals, two drummers, and thirty men; the lord provolt for the time being to be captain, without pay, and the company to be armed and clothed at the expenfe of the city; but their pay to be defrayed out of the general fund raised under the new police act. The duty of this company is to attend upon his majesty's commiffioner to the general affembly of the church of Scotland, the magiftrates and town council, the fupreme courts of juftice, and to act in general for the fupport of the new fyftem of police. This fyftem was eftablifhed in 1805, by act of parliament, under the authority of which the city and suburbs are divided into fix diftricts or wards for the more conve nient execution of the purposes to which the act extends. The regulations included under this fyftem of police, relate to cleaning the streets and paffages in the city and fuburbs, apprehending and punishing vagrants and diforderly perfons, fuppreffing common begging, preventing nuisances and obftructions, and for other purposes connected with the prefervation of peace and good order. The management of the whole affairs under this fyftem of police is entrusted to the general and refident commiffioners. The general commiffioners appointed by the act, are, the lord provoft and magiftrates of the city of Edinburgh, with the (22.) EDINBURGH, POLICE OF. No city in the world affords greater fecurity to the inhabitants in their perfons and properties than Edinburgh. Robberies are very rare, and a street murder hardly known in the memory of man; fo that a perfon may walk the ftreets at any hour of the night in perfect fecurity. This is in a great meafure owing to the Town guard. This inititution originated from the confternation into which the citizens were thrown after the battle of Flowden, At that time, the town council commanded the inhabitants to affemble in defence of the city, and every fourth man to be on duty each night. This introduced a kind of perfonal duty for the defence of the town, called watching and warding; by which the trading part of the inhabitants were obliged in perfon to watch alternately, to prevent or fupprefs occafional disturbances. This, however, becoming in time very inconvenient, the town-council, in 1648, appointed a body of 60 men to be raised; the captain of which was to have a monthly pay of 111. 25. 3d. two lieutenants of 21. each, two ferjants of 11. gs. and the private No regular fund was eftablished for defraying this expenfe; the confequence of which was, that the old method of watching and warding was refumed: but the people on whom men 158. each. Ca lord lord prefident of the court of fuffion, the lord juf-neral upon the establishment of any new fyftem, ice clerk, the lord chief baron of the court of ex- its operation has proved highly bencficial in main chequer, the law officers of the crown, and feve- taining peace and good order in the city and subral other public characters, in conjunction with urbs over which it extends. the whole refident commiffioners in the different (23.) EDINBURGH, POLITICAL CONSTITUTION wards. There are feven refident commiffioners in OF. With regard, to the political conftitution of each ward, the two highest in the lift go out, and Edinburgh, the town council have the direction two others are elected in their stead annually, the of all public affairs. The ordinary COUNCIL Concommiffioners must be occupiers of houfes valued fifts of 25 perfons; the extraordinary, of 8; ma at 201. fterling of free rent yearly, except in two king in all 33. The whole is compofed of mer. wards, where occupying a house of 111, rent is a chants and tradefinen, whose refpective powers fufficient qualification. In each ward the refident and interests are fo interwoven, that a fort of bacommiffioners, with the approbation of the general lance is preferved between the two bodies. The commiffioners, elect an inspector, aid fuch a num- members of the town-council are partly elected ber of officers of police and watchmen as may be by the members of the 14 incorporations, partneceffary; the officers of police and watchmen upon ly by their predeceffors in office, Thefe incor duty having the authority and poffeffing the powers porations are, thofe of the furgeons, (alfo erected given by the law of Scotland to the office of con- into a royal college, of goldsmiths, fkinners, furriers, ftable, The general commiffioners have the pow- hammermen, wrights, and mafons, tailors, bakers, er of chooting a fuperintendant or mafter of police lefhers, cordiners, or hoemakers) weavers, for the whole city and fuburbs included in the waukers, and bonnet-makers, of dyers, and meract, and of appointing a clerk to the general meet- chant company. The election is made in the fo!ings, and to the court of police held by the fu- lowing manner; First, a lift of fix members is perintendant. The fuperintendant of police be made out by each incorporation, called the long ing appointed by the commitlioners, receives from leet, and prefented to the town council. Thete the fheriff depute of the county of Edinburgh the lifts are then laid before the ordinary council of authority of a fheriff fubftitute, as well as a com- 25, who fhorten the lects, by expunging, one half miffion of sheriff depute within the city and liber of the names from each, and returning the reties from the lord provoft who is principal theriff mainder of each lift, hence called the fort leet, within thefe bounds, that the fuperintendant ac- to the refpective incorporations, out of which the ting as mafter or judge of police may have the deacons for the enfuing year must be chofen. The full powers of a magistrate in the execution of his new deacons are then prefented to the ordinary duty. By the powers with which the fuperinten- council, who choose fix of them to be members dant is invefted, he may commit offenders to the of their body, and the fix deacons of the former toibooth or to bridewell for a period not exceed year then go out. The council of 25 next proing 60 days, and impofe fines for offences not exceed to the election of three merchant and two ceeding 40 fhillings fterling, and give judgment in damages for any fum not exceeding three pounds fterling with the expenfes in either cafe, and from his fentences there is no appeal to the fheriff depute of the county, or to the lord provoft as theriff principal within the city. The fuperintendant of police is alfo the billet-mafter within his bounds, and the infpectors of wards are billet-mafers within their wards. The inpectors also have the powers of procurator-fifcals with refrect to all profecutions for offences committed within their pounds. The expenfes of carrying this act into execution are defrayed from a fund raifed by afleflintent on the inhabitants of 3 per cent on the free rent of houfes, fhops or warehoues, and for the expenfes of clothing and #limenting the perions committed to bridewell a arther alfelliment not exceeding per cent. of the free rent of fuch houses, &e. Surveyors are appointed for ascertaining rents; and if the rent fixed by them thould be over-rated, an appeal may be made to a committee of the general commillionere fpecially appointed. The office of the fuperintendant is in the Lawn-market. The firft ward includes the Ancient Royalty; the 2d, the weft part of Extended Royalty, &c., the 3d, the eaft part of Extended Royalty, &c.; the 4th, the Canongate, &c.; the 5th, Potter-row, Nichol fon's freet, George fquare, &c.; the 6th, Wefter Portburgh, Lauriston, Fountain-bridge, &c. Though fome complaints were at fuit made ainft the rigorous execution of this act, as is ge trades counsellors. The members of council. who now amount to 30 in number, then make out leets, from which the lord provoft, dean of guild, treasurer, and bailies must be chofen. The candidates for each of thefe offices are three in number; but thefe candidates do not offer them. felves, nor are they elected by the merchant company, of which they are generally members, but are propofed by the leading members of council, and the perfons recommended by thefe, are in moft cafes unanimously chofen. The elec tion is made by the 30 members of council already mentioned, joined to the 8 extraordinary council deacons, after which, the 5 old counsellors have no farther privilege of voting. The lord provost of Edinburgh, who is ftyled right honourable, is high theriff, coroner, and admira!, within the city and liberties, and the town, harbour, and road of Leith. He has also a jurifdiction in matters of life and death. He is prefes of the convention of royal boroughs, colonel of the trained bands, commander of the city guard and of the Edinburgh jail; has the precedency of all the great officers of itate and of the nobility, walking on the right hand of the king or of his majefty's commiffioner, and has a fword and mace carried before him. Under him are four magiftrates called bailies whole office is much the fame with that of the aldermen in London, czcepting that they continue in office only one year. There is alfo a dean of guild, who has the charge of the public buildings, and without whofe warrant no Loufe nor building can be 13,806: which multiplied by 5, (fuppofed more juft than by 6,) and adding 1400 for the caftle, &c. the number of fouls in the city and suburbs, including Leith, amounted, in 1775, to 70,630. An enumeration of the people of Edinburgh was fet on foot in 1791, at the defire of Sir J. Sinclair, and it was actually made by the minifters and elders in 6 parithes of the city, and by thofe of St Cuthbert's and S. and N. Leith. The numbers in 6 of the 10 parishes being afcertained, it was thought, fufficient data were thereby afforded for eftimating the numbers of families and individuals, in the other 4: The following is an abridged view of the refult of this enumeration and calcu lation : be erected within the city. He has a council to confult with a nominal treasurer, who formerly had the keeping of the town's money, which is now given to the chamberlain. Thefe magiftrates are elected annually: who with the 7 of the former year, three merchants and two trades counfellors, and 14 deacons, making in all 33, form the council of the city, and have the fole management and difpofal of the city revenues. See30. Formerly the provoft was alfo an officer in the Scots parliament. The magiftrates are the riffs depute and juftices of the peace; and the town council are patrons of all the churches of Edinburgh patrons of the university, and electors of the city's reprefentative in parliament. They have befides a very ample jurifdiction both civil and criminal are fuperiors of the Canongate, Portiburgh, and Leith; and appoint over these certain of their own number, who are cailed baron bailies, but the perfon who prefides over Leith has the t'te of admiral, because he has there a jurifdiction over maritime affairs. The baron bailies appoint one or two of the inhabitants of their refpective dif Old Town, Families. tricts to be their fubftitutes. There are called re- Hofpitals, pri-} fident bailies, and hold courts in abience of the baron bailies, for petty offences, and difcuffing civil caufes of finall moment. (24) EDINBURGH, POPULATION OF. From a paper in the poffeffion of the feffion clerk of Edin. burgh, quoted by Sir J. Sinclair in his Stat. Acc. (VI. 559.) it appears that there were 3333 families in that city, in 1678. “The old town at that time confifted of 6 parishes only. On the fappofition, that there were 6 individuals in each family, the total number would amount to 19,998; which gives but a poor idea of the importance of Edinburgh at that period. If we reckon the CANONGATE to have contained 2500 inhabitants, the parish of St Cuthberts 7500, and thofe of S. and N. Leith 6000 fouls, the total number of individuals in Edin burg and its neighbourhood was 35,505, in 1678." From a paper communicated by the rev. Dr Blair to Sir John containing an enumeration of families and examinable perfons in the parishes of the city, in 1722, the total number of families was 5979, and of perfons 20,336. Adding the ufual proportion of one 4th of the examinable perfons for children, the number of inhabitants would amount to 25,420 and allowing 15,000 for the fuburbs, the total would be 40,420 fouls. Dr Maitland in his Hiftory of Edinburgh, computing from the register of burials, makes the total number within the 9 parishes 48,000, in 1753. And that this was very near the truth, appears from the enumeration actually made at the request of the rev. Dr Webiter, in 1755, when the total number was found to be 57.195. But as in this number, the inhabitants of S. and N. Leith were included, amounting to 9404, the total number of fouts in the city and its invirons, turns out exactly 47,790, which is within 210 of Dr Maitland's computation, and thows it to have been founded on juft principles, The population of Edinburgh had increafed very much within 20 years following, for the camputation made by the late Mr Hugo Arnot, in 1775, was confiderably greater. The number of families in Edinburgh, Leith, &c. are stated by him at Males. Fem. Total. 9756 12756| 22512 4301 7206 5191 1243 2905 But after all, the above enumeration is supposed to be about 3000 under the truth; for in fome of the parishes lodgers were not included, and in all of them the real numbers could not be obtained, owing to the abfurd apprehenfions entertained by many people, that the enumeration was intended for the purpose of laying on fome new tax in pro portion to the numbers in each family. The laft enumeration, made in 1801 by act of parliament, amounted only to 82,560 but it is fuppofed to be very defective; for, if the fear of a new tax operated to the concealment of real numbers in 1791 on this occafion an alarm of new taxes was induf triously spread, and of course the effect was greater. (25.) EDINBURGH, PRISONS OF. The TOL BOOTH was erected in 1561, not for the purposes merely of a prifon, but likewife for the accommodation of the parliament and other courts; but it has fince become so very unfit for any of these purposes, that it is now intended to pull it down and rebuild it, on the area at the back of the parliament houfe, where the houfes that occupied that ground are already taken down for that purpofe. It is very inconvenient in its prefent fituation on account of its incumbering the street. The provoft is captain of the tolbooth, and has a goaler under him. The latter has a monopoly of all the provifions for the prifoners; a circumftance which muft certainly be confidered as a grievous oppreflion, thofe who are leaft able to purchase them being thus obliged to do fo at the higheft price. There is a chaplain who has a 'falary of L.30 a-year, and officiates regularly every Sunday. The Canongate tolbooth is fituated near the church, and is a strong well-aired building. A Bridswell, which had been long wanted in Edinburgh, was begun in 1791, and finished in 1794, upon the S. fide of the Calton hill as noticed un der |