HAYNE, ARTHUR P., an American officer and senator, grand nephew of the succeeding, and brother of Robert Y., born in Charleston, S. C., March 12, 1790. He was educated for a mercantile career, but in 1807, indignant at the attack on the frigate Chesapeake, he obtained a commission in the U. S. regiment of light dragoons commanded by Col. Wade Hampton. In 1812 he shared in the victory at Sackett's Harbor, and was promoted to the command of a squadron of cavalry, with the rank of major. In the campaign of 1813 he accompanied Gen. Wilkinson down the St. Lawrence for the contemplated attack on Montreal. Early in 1814 he received the appointment of inspector-general, was ordered to join Gen. Jackson in the Creek war, and in the temporary absence of Col. Butler served as adjutant-general. At the storming of Pensacola (Nov. 7, 1814) he was one of the first to take possession of the Spanish batteries. He was conspicuous in the brilliant night attack of Jackson on the British army, Dec. 23, 1814, which preceded the victory of New Orleans, in which he had a prominent part. Jackson wrote in his despatch: "Col. Hayne was everywhere where duty and danger called." He was brevetted 3 times during the war, and at its close was retained in the army as adjutant-general. During the 2d Florida campaign he was placed by Gen. Jackson at the head of the Tennessee volunteers. He retired from the army in 1820, previous to which he had prepared himself for the bar and had been admitted to practice. He was elected to the S. C. legislature in 1821, and was afterward appointed minister to the court of Belgium, but declined the office. In May, 1858, on the death of Mr. J. J. Evans, he was elected to the U. S. senate. HAYNE, ISAAC, an American revolutionary officer, known as "the martyr," born in South Carolina, Sept. 23, 1745, died in Charleston, S. C., Aug. 4, 1781. He was the great-grandson of John Hayne, who emigrated to the state from near Shrewsbury, in Shropshire, England, about 1700. In 1765 he married and became a planter with large possessions in the districts of Beaufort and Colleton, and was a proprietor in extensive iron works in York district, subsequently destroyed by the British. In 1780 VOL. IX.-1

he was a senator in the state legislature. He took up arms on the invasion of the state by the British, and was employed in a cavalry regiment which kept the field during the final siege and capitulation of Charleston. The outposts of an army, according to the usual rule, sharing the fate of the main body, Hayne's detachment was supposed to be included in the articles of capitulation, and to partake of all the privileges and securities accorded by the victor to the vanquished. He was, in other words, paroled, under the sole condition that he should not again serve against the British while they held possession. When in 1781 the fortunes of the British began rapidly to decline, he and all others in his situation were required to repair to the British standard as subjects. The call was made upon him when his wife and several of his children lay at the point of death from small pox, but his expostulations were unheard, and he repaired to the city after obtaining a written pledge from the military commandant of his district that he should be allowed to return. This pledge was ignored in Charleston, and he was told that he must either become a British subject or be placed in rigorous confinement. With his family dying in his absence, he subscribed a declaration of allegiance to the royal government, but only under protest against the advantage taken of him at such a moment. He declared that he could never take up arms against his countrymen, and was assured that such duty would never be required at his hands. Thus enabled to return to his family, he maintained his pledge of neutrality so long as the British remained in possession of the district and forbore calling on him for military duty. But when, by the continued success of the Americans, they were driven from all quarters, and nothing remained to them but the stronghold of Charleston, they resolved to impose the requisition of military service on all those who had given their parole. Thus driven to the necessity of taking up the sword, Hayne did so in behalf of his countrymen; he repaired to the American camp, and was commissioned by the governor as colonel of a militia regiment. In July, 1781, he made an incursion to the Quarter House, a precinct

within 5 miles of Charleston, and captured Gen. Williamson, a Scotchman, who had gone over to the British from the Americans, and was an object of scorn and hate to the patriots. It was feared that he would be hanged as a traitor, and to avert this fate the British commandant at Charleston ordered out his entire force in pursuit. The scouts and sentinels of Hayne's command had wandered from their posts, and his party was consequently surprised and scattered, and he himself captured. He was brought to Charleston, and after a brief examination by a board of officers, without any trial, and no witnesses being examined, he was condemned to be hanged by the joint orders of Lord Rawdon and Lieut. Col. Balfour. He protested against this summary process, which was illegal, whether he was regarded as a British subject or as a captive who had broken his parole. The citizens and ladies of Charleston united in petitioning for his pardon. But Rawdon and Balfour were inexorable; a respite of 48 hours only was allowed him in which to see and take leave of his children, at the end of which period he was hanged. This vindictive measure was everywhere the occasion of horror and reproach. It was brought up and discussed with great ability in the British parliament, and while both Rawdon and Balfour justified it, each was solicitous to attribute it to the agency of the other. Public opinion ascribed it to revenge and mortification, to the remembrance of Major André, and to the frequent defeats and impending failure of the British commanders. Lord Rawdon (earl of Moira) published a justification of his conduct, which was analyzed and criticized by Robert Y. Hayne in the "Southern Review" for Feb. 1828.

HAYNE, JULIA DEAN, an American actress, born in Pleasant Valley, N. Y., July 22, 1830. She first appeared upon the stage in New York, at the Bowery theatre, in 1845, as Julia in the "Hunchback," and for a number of years, as Miss Julia Dean, was known throughout the United States as a popular and successful actress in such parts as Julia, Pauline in the "Lady of Lyons," Juliet, Marianna in the "Wife," &c. She has also appeared upon the English stage. Some years since she was married to Arthur Hayne of South Carolina.

HAYNE, ROBERT YOUNG, an American statesman, born in St. Paul's parish, Colleton district, S. C., Nov. 10, 1791, died in Ashville, N. C., Sept. 1840. He was educated in Charleston, studied law with the celebrated Langdon Cheves, and was admitted to practice before he was 21 years old. At the beginning of the war of 1812 he volunteered and served as a lieutenant in the 3d regiment of South Carolina troops raised for the protection of the seaboard. Toward the close of the war he resumed practice in Charleston, and succeeded in a great degree to the large professional business of Mr. Cheves on the election of that gentleman to congress. In 1814 Mr. Hayne was chosen a member of the state legislature, where he soon became distin

guished for eloquence and ability. After serving two terms he was elected speaker of the house, unexpectedly to himself; and before his term expired he was elected attorney-general of the state. Soon afterward President Monroe offered him the attorney-generalship of the United States, which he declined. He retained his office till 1823, when he was chosen a senator of the United States. He was the youngest man that South Carolina had ever sent to the senate, and had barely attained the constitutional age for the office. He soon rose to a high rank as a debater and as a practical man of business, and was made chairman of the committee on naval affairs, in which post he displayed administrative abilities of a high order. Mr. Calhoun pronounced him the best chairman of a committee he had ever seen. In the debates upon the question of protection to American manufactures Mr. Hayne took a leading part, and in every stage of the discussion he was an able, vigilant, and uncompromising opponent of the protective system. When the tariff bill of 1824 came before the senate, he made in opposition to it an elaborate and powerful speech, in which, for the first time, the ground was taken that congress had not the constitutional right to impose duties on imports for the purpose of protecting domestic manufactures. He was equally strenuous in his opposition to the tariff of 1828, which roused in South Carolina the spirit of resistance that came to a crisis in 1832. In that year Mr. Clay proposed a resolution in the senate declaring the expediency of repealing forthwith the duties upon all imported articles which did not come into competition with domestic manufactures. Mr. Hayne denounced this proposition in a powerful speech, and submitted an amendment to Clay's resolution, to the effect that all the existing duties should be so reduced as simply to afford the revenues necessary to defray the actual expenses of the government. He supported this amendment in one of his ablest speeches, but it was rejected, and the principles of Mr. Clay's resolution were embodied in a bill which passed both houses and received the sanction of the president. The people of South Carolina, in convention, resolved that the law should not be law within their limits, and that the act of congress should be nullified so far as South Carolina was concerned. Mr. Hayne on this occasion was the first to declare and defend in congress the right of a state, under the federal compact, to arrest the operation of a law which she considered unconstitutional. This doctrine led to the celebrated debate between Mr. Webster and himself, in which the eloquence and the argumentative powers of both statesmen were displayed to their fullest extent. In consequence of the passing of the tariff bill the legislature of South Carolina called a state convention, which met at Columbia, Nov. 24, 1832, and adopted the celebrated ordinance of nullification. In the following December Mr. Hayne