History of Western PhilosophySimon and Schuster, 30.06.2008 г. - 928 страници Hailed as “lucid and magisterial” by The Observer, this book is universally acclaimed as the outstanding one-volume work on the subject of Western philosophy. Considered to be one of the most important philosophical works of all time, the History of Western Philosophy is a dazzlingly unique exploration of the ideologies of significant philosophers throughout the ages—from Plato and Aristotle through to Spinoza, Kant and the twentieth century. Written by a man who changed the history of philosophy himself, this is an account that has never been rivaled since its first publication over sixty years ago. Since its first publication in 1945, Lord Russell’s A History of Western Philosophy is still unparalleled in its comprehensiveness, its clarity, its erudition, its grace, and its wit. In seventy-six chapters he traces philosophy from the rise of Greek civilization to the emergence of logical analysis in the twentieth century. Among the philosophers considered are: Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, the Atomists, Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, the Stoics, Plotinus, Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, Benedict, Gregory the Great, John the Scot, Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Occam, Machiavelli, Erasmus, More, Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, the Utilitarians, Marx, Bergson, James, Dewey, and lastly the philosophers with whom Lord Russell himself is most closely associated—Cantor, Frege, and Whitehead, coauthor with Russell of the monumental Principia Mathematica. |
Съдържание
3 | |
82 | |
Plato | 149 |
Astronomy | 208 |
Ancient Philosophy after Aristotle | 218 |
Plotinus | 284 |
Introduction | 301 |
The Fathers | 308 |
Descartes | 557 |
Spinoza | 569 |
Leibniz | 581 |
Philosophical Liberalism | 596 |
Lockes Theory of Knowledge | 604 |
Lockes Political Philosophy | 617 |
Lockes Influence | 641 |
Berkeley | 647 |
Christianity During the First Four | 324 |
Theology | 352 |
Great | 375 |
The Schoolmen | 388 |
The Twelfth Century | 428 |
The Thirteenth Century | 441 |
Saint Thomas Aquinas | 452 |
Franciscan Schoolmen | 463 |
The Eclipse of the Papacy | 476 |
BOOK THREE MODERN PHILOSOPHY | 489 |
From the Renaissance to Hume | 491 |
The Italian Renaissance | 495 |
Machiavelli | 504 |
Erasmus and More | 512 |
The Reformation and Counter Reformation | 522 |
The Rise of Science | 525 |
Francis Bacon | 541 |
Hobbess Leviathan | 546 |
Hume | 659 |
From Rousseau to the Present Day | 675 |
Rousseau | 684 |
Kant | 701 |
Currents of Thought in the Nine teenth Century | 719 |
Hegel | 730 |
Byron | 746 |
Schopenhauer | 753 |
Nietzsche | 760 |
The Utilitarians | 773 |
Karl Marx | 782 |
Bergson | 791 |
William James | 811 |
John Dewey | 819 |
The Philosophy of Logical Analysis | 828 |
Index | 837 |
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Anaxagoras argument aristocracy Aristotle Aristotle's Athens Averroes became become believe bishops body called Catholic cause century CHAPTER Christian Church cities civilization conception concerned considered death Democritus Descartes divine doctrine earth Emperor Empire England Epicurus essence eternal ethical evil existence fact favour gods Greece Greek happiness Hegel Heraclitus human Hume ideas important influence intellectual Italy Jews Kant kind king knowledge later Leibniz less lived Locke logic Manichæans mathematics matter means ment metaphysical mind modern moral motion nature never Nietzsche object opinion Orphism Parmenides perceived perception philosophy Plato pleasure Plotinus political Pope principle Protagoras pure Pythagoras question reason regards relation religion Renaissance Roman Rome Rousseau Saint Augustine says scepticism scientific seems sense social Socrates soul Sparta Spinoza Stoics substance supposed theology theory things thought tion true truth universe virtue virtuous whole word
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Страница 46 - gainst his glory fight, And Time that gave doth now his gift confound. Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth And delves the parallels in beauty's brow, Feeds on the rarities of nature's truth, And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow; And yet to times in hope my verse shall stand, Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.
Страница 89 - I and my sons will have received justice at your hands. The hour of departure has arrived, and we go our ways — I to die, and you to live. Which is better, God only knows.
Страница 72 - Worlds on worlds are rolling ever From creation to decay, Like the bubbles on a river Sparkling, bursting, borne away. But they are still immortal Who, through birth's orient portal And death's dark chasm hurrying to and fro, Clothe their unceasing flight In the brief dust and light Gathered around their chariots as they go...
Страница 44 - God is day and night, winter and summer, war and peace, surfeit and hunger; but he takes various shapes, just as fire, when it is mingled with spices, is named according to the savour of each.
Страница 87 - God orders me to fulfil the philosopher's mission of searching into myself and other men, I were to desert my post through fear of death, or any other fear...
Страница 46 - I SAW Eternity the other night, Like a great ring of pure and endless light, ^ All calm, as it was bright ; And round Beneath it, Time in hours, days, years, Driv'n by the spheres Like a vast shadow mov'd ; in which the world And all her train were hurl'd.
Страница 20 - Oh, feet of a fawn to the greenwood fled, Alone in the grass and the loveliness; Leap of the hunted, no more in dread, Beyond the snares and the deadly press: Yet a voice still in the distance sounds, A voice and a fear and a haste of hounds; O wildly labouring, fiercely fleet, Onward yet by river and glen . . . Is it joy or terror, ye storm-swift feet? . . . To the dear lone lands untroubled of men, Where no voice sounds, and amid the shadowy green The little things of the woodland live unseen.
Страница 88 - And now, Athenians, I am not going to argue for my own sake, as you may think, but for yours, that you may not sin against the God by condemning me, who am his gift to you.
Страница 90 - One morning he was thinking about something which he could not resolve; he would not give it up, but continued thinking from early dawn until noon — there he stood fixed in thought; and at noon attention was drawn to him, and the rumor ran through the wondering crowd that Socrates had been standing and thinking about something ever since the break of day.
Страница 85 - ... telling of one Socrates, a wise man, who speculated about the heaven above, and searched into the earth beneath, and made the worse appear the better cause.